Self-efficacy and barriers to multiple behavior change in low-income African Americans with hypertension

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol L. Mansyur ◽  
Valory N. Pavlik ◽  
David J. Hyman ◽  
Wendell C. Taylor ◽  
G. Kenneth Goodrick
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Multiple Behavior Change

In Defense of Food Curriculum: A Mixed Methods Outcome Evaluation in Afterschool

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 612-625
Author(s):  
Hiershenee B. Luesse ◽  
Joseph E. Luesse ◽  
Jordan Lawson ◽  
Pamela A. Koch ◽  
Isobel R. Contento
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Change ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Outcome Evaluation ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Minimally Processed ◽  
Environmental Barriers ◽  
Psychosocial Mediators

Background. Highly processed foods are inexpensive and abundant in our food supply, nutritionally poor, and disproportionately marketed to minority youth. This study is part of a curriculum development project to develop, implement, and evaluate the In Defense of Food (IDOF) curriculum designed to increase intake of whole/minimally processed foods and decrease intake of highly processed foods in youth. Aims. This pilot outcome evaluation was undertaken to assess initial effectiveness and to provide an in-depth understanding of changes in behavioral outcomes and psychosocial mediators. Methods. We used an explanatory mixed method approach, including a single-arm pretest–posttest of intervention effect, followed by a food rules assessment and in-depth interviews to describe participant responses to the intervention in more detail. The study was conducted in three afterschool classrooms in urban low-income neighborhoods with 32 multiethnic middle-school youth, receiving 10 weekly 2-hour sessions. Results. Two weeks postintervention, there was a large positive significant increase in whole/minimally processed food intake ( p < .01; d = 0.59) and a small decrease in consumption of highly-processed foods ( p = ns; d = 0.06), compared with baseline. Significant increases in psychosocial mediators: Self-efficacy and positive outcomes expectations were seen; others were not significant but changed in the desired direction. Qualitative assessments suggest that the intervention promoted skill building, but environmental barriers made these difficult to use. Discussion. The IDOF curriculum may be most effective for promoting consumption of fruits and vegetables, rather than decreasing intake of highly processed foods. In addition, in this young age-group, short actionable food rules may support self-regulation and behavior change. Conclusion. Among adolescent students in low-income urban neighborhoods, the IDOF afterschool curriculum may help promote self-efficacy and positive outcome expectancies and increase fruit and vegetable intake. Focusing on food processing and using “Food Rules” may be promising to elicit behavior change in youth; however, greater supports are needed to overcome social and environmental barriers.

scholarly journals A Goal Setting Intervention Positively Impacts Adolescents’ Dietary Behaviors and Physical Activity Self-Efficacy

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 92-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mical Kay Shilts ◽  
Marilyn S. Townsend
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Youth Development ◽  
Goal Setting ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Goal Attainment ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Dietary Behaviors

The efficacy of a youth development intervention on improving eating and physical activity(PA) self-efficacy, goal attainment scaling, goal effort, and behaviors was examined in a repeated measures, quasi-experimental field trial. Ethnically diverse students (n=64) from a low-income middle school participated in the 10-session intervention driven by the Social Cognitive Theory with a Goal Setting Theory emphasis. Participants, 13-14 years old, made significant changes in dietary behaviors (P=0.03) and PA self-efficacy (P=0.02) after receiving the intervention. Self-efficacy did not mediate dietary behavior change but did mediate the small changes made in PA. Goal effort was not a mediator of behavior change. After the intervention, more participants rated themselves as making one lasting improvement in eating (P

scholarly journals Parents' Self-efficacy for Tobacco Exposure Protection and Smoking Abstinence Mediate Treatment Effects on Child Cotinine at 12-Month Follow-up: Mediation Results from the Kids Safe and Smokefree Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1981-1988
Author(s):  
Bradley N Collins ◽  
Stephen J Lepore ◽  
Jonathan P Winickoff ◽  
David W Sosnowski
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Change ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Underserved Populations ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Smoking Abstinence ◽  
Behavioral Mechanisms

Abstract Introduction Compared with the general smoking population, low-income smokers face elevated challenges to success in evidence-based smoking cessation treatment. Moreover, their children bear increased disease burden. Understanding behavioral mechanisms related to successful reduction of child tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) could inform future smoking interventions in vulnerable, underserved populations. Methods Smoking parents were recruited from pediatric clinics in low-income communities and randomized into a multilevel intervention including a pediatric clinic intervention framed in best clinical practice guidelines (“Ask, Advise, Refer” [AAR]) plus individualized telephone counseling (AAR + counseling), or AAR + control. Mediation analysis included treatment condition (independent variable), 12-month child cotinine (TSE biomarker, criterion), and four mediators: 3-month end-of-treatment self-efficacy to protect children from TSE and smoking urge coping skills, and 12-month perceived program (intra-treatment) support and bioverified smoking abstinence. Analyses controlled for baseline nicotine dependence, depressive symptoms, child age, and presence of other residential smokers. Results Participants (n = 327) included 83% women and 83% African Americans. Multilevel AAR + counseling was associated with significantly higher levels of all four mediators (ps &lt; .05). Baseline nicotine dependence (p &lt; .05), 3-month self-efficacy (p &lt; .05) and 12-month bioverified smoking abstinence (p &lt; .001) related significantly to 12-month child cotinine outcome. The indirect effects of AAR + counseling intervention on cotinine via self-efficacy for child TSE protection and smoking abstinence (ps &lt; .05) suggested mediation through these pathways. Conclusions Compared with AAR + control, multilevel AAR + counseling improved all putative mediators. Findings suggest that fostering TSE protection self-efficacy during intervention and encouraging parental smoking abstinence may be key to promoting long-term child TSE-reduction in populations of smokers with elevated challenges to quitting smoking. Implications Pediatric harm reduction interventions to protect children of smokers from tobacco smoke have emerged to address tobacco-related health disparities in underserved populations. Low-income smokers experience greater tobacco-related disease burden and more difficulty with smoking behavior change in standard evidence-based interventions than the general population of smokers. Therefore, improving knowledge about putative behavioral mechanisms of smoking behavior change that results in lower child exposure risk could inform future intervention improvements.

scholarly journals Addressing Alzheimer’s Risk in Racially Diverse, Low-Income Older Adults Through Telephone Health Coaching

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 282-282
Author(s):  
Faika Zanjani ◽  
Annie Rhodes ◽  
Taylor Wilkerson ◽  
Jennifer Inker ◽  
Joann Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Health Coaching ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Racially Diverse ◽  
Individual Level

Abstract Preclinical Alzheimer’s disease (AD) behavioral risk reduction needs to be more fully explored at the community-level. Connecting behavior change to AD can reduce individual-level helplessness for the disease. However, behavior change targeting AD prevention factors (e.g., alcohol, depression, physical inactivity, smoking, isolation, medication management) is extremely challenging for multiple reasons, including failures in connecting AD and health behavior risk, and due to individual-level motivational, self-efficacy, and knowledge barriers. Methods: As part of the Virginia Commonwealth University iCubed Health and Wellness in Aging Population Core, 20 diverse older adults (aged 60+) living in Richmond, VA, with incomes below $12,000/year and managing either diabetes/cardiovascular symptoms, were offered weekly telephone-based health coaching for 12-weeks, providing education, motivations, self-efficacy skills, and referral services, for AD behavioral risk factors. A patient preference health coaching behavioral change strategy was implemented, where the person decides which behavioral practices to target. All study subjects completed a behavioral-psychosocial baseline and 3-month follow-up assessment. Findings: The study demonstrated feasibility for implementing health coaching within low-income racially-diverse older adults. The study sample (n=20, mean age 69 years (range: 61-77 years) was 90% African American (n=18), and 55% males (n=11). Improvement in AD knowledge (F=4.19;p=.0565); cognitive functioning (memory (F=4.19;p=.0556); delayed memory (F=2.85;p=.1086); TrailsA (F=5.60;p=.0294)), alcohol-risk (F=3.33;p=.1108) and social isolation (F=4.11;p=.0569) trends were found at 3-month follow-up. Conclusions: The findings from this study exhibit positive trends in reducing AD risk. This study creates the impetus for future large-scale investigations and dissemination of findings to improve the lives of at-risk low-income aging adults.

scholarly journals Collecting data by telephone from low-income African Americans

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy T. Artinian ◽  
Doris Denison ◽  
Cheryl K. Nordstrom
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Low Income

scholarly journals Multilevel Pathways of Colorectal Cancer Screening Among Low-Income Vietnamese Americans: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 107327482110110
Author(s):  
Grace X. Ma ◽  
Lin Zhu ◽  
Timmy R. Lin ◽  
Yin Tan ◽  
Phuong Do
Keyword(s):  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Limited English Proficiency ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Vietnamese Americans ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Crc Screening

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) disproportionately affects Vietnamese Americans, especially those with low income and were born outside of the United States. CRC screening tests are crucial for prevention and early detection. Despite the availability of noninvasive, simple-to-conduct tests, CRC screening rates in Asian Americans, particularly Vietnamese Americans, remain suboptimal. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the interplay of multilevel factors – individual, interpersonal, and community – on CRC screening behaviors among low-income Vietnamese Americans with limited English proficiency. Methods: This study is based on the Sociocultural Health Behavior Model, a research-based model that incorporates 6 factors associated with decision-making and health-seeking behaviors that result in health care utilization. Using a community-based participatory research approach, we recruited 801 Vietnamese Americans from community-based organizations. We administered a survey to collect information on sociodemographic characteristics, health-related factors, and CRC screening-related factors. We used structural equation modeling (SEM) to identify direct and indirect predictors of lifetime CRC screening. Results: Bivariate analysis revealed that a greater number of respondents who never screened for CRC reported limited English proficiency, fewer years of US residency, and lower self-efficacy related to CRC screening. The SEM model identified self-efficacy (coefficient = 0.092, P < .01) as the only direct predictor of lifetime CRC screening. Educational attainment (coefficient = 0.13, P < .01) and health beliefs (coefficient = 0.040, P < .001) had a modest significant positive relationship with self-efficacy. Health beliefs (coefficient = 0.13, P < .001) and educational attainment (coefficient = 0.16, P < .01) had significant positive relationships with CRC knowledge. Conclusions: To increase CRC screening uptake in medically underserved Vietnamese American populations, public health interventions should aim to increase community members’ confidence in their abilities to screen for CRC and to navigate associated processes, including screening preparation, discussions with doctors, and emotional complications.

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