Disease Status and Population Origin Effects on Floral Scent: Potential Consequences for Oviposition and Fruit Predation in A Complex Interaction Between A Plant, Fungus, and Noctuid Moth

We study the effects of inbreeding in a dioecious plant on its interaction with pollinating insects and test whether the magnitude of such effects is shaped by plant individual sex and the evolutionary histories of plant populations. We recorded spatial, scent, colour and rewarding flower traits as well as pollinator visitation rates in experimentally inbred and outbred, male and female Silene latifolia plants from European and North American populations differing in their evolutionary histories. We found that inbreeding specifically impairs spatial flower traits and floral scent. Our results support that sex-specific selection and gene expression may have partially magnified these inbreeding costs for females, and that divergent evolutionary histories altered the genetic architecture underlying inbreeding effects across population origins. Moreover, the results indicate that inbreeding effects on floral scent may have a huge potential to disrupt interactions among plants and nocturnal moth pollinators, which are mediated by elaborate chemical communication.

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The brain structure and neurosecretory cells of noctuid moth Anadevidia peponis: Noctuidae

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100159722 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 436-437

Author(s):

M. Sato ◽

Y. Ogawa ◽

M. Sasaki ◽

T. Matsuo

Keyword(s):

Biological Clock ◽

Virgin Female ◽

Basic Structure ◽

Fixed Time ◽

Neurosecretory Cells ◽

Nerve Cells ◽

Noctuid Moth ◽

The Right ◽

20 Nm ◽

The Brain

A virgin female of the noctuid moth, a kind of noctuidae that eats cucumis, etc. performs calling at a fixed time of each day, depending on the length of a day. The photoreceptors that induce this calling are located around the neurosecretory cells (NSC) in the central portion of the protocerebrum. Besides, it is considered that the female’s biological clock is located also in the cerebral lobe. In order to elucidate the calling and the function of the biological clock, it is necessary to clarify the basic structure of the brain. The observation results of 12 or 30 day-old noctuid moths showed that their brains are basically composed of an outer and an inner portion-neural lamella (about 2.5 μm) of collagen fibril and perineurium cells. Furthermore, nerve cells surround the cerebral lobes, in which NSCs, mushroom bodies, and central nerve cells, etc. are observed. The NSCs are large-sized (20 to 30 μm dia.) cells, which are located in the pons intercerebralis of the head section and at the rear of the mushroom body (two each on the right and left). Furthermore, the cells were classified into two types: one having many free ribosoms 15 to 20 nm in dia. and the other having granules 150 to 350 nm in dia. (Fig. 1).

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The early development of antenna and antennal sensilla in the noctuid moth, Agrotis segetum (Insecta: Lepidoptera)

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100160066 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 502-503

Author(s):

Eric Hallberg ◽

Lina Hansén

Keyword(s):

Cell Death ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Early Development ◽

Larval Stage ◽

Pupal Stage ◽

Agrotis Segetum ◽

Antennal Sensilla ◽

Noctuid Moth ◽

Standard Procedures

The antennal rudiments in lepidopterous insects are present as disks during the larval stage. The tubular double-walled antennal disk is present beneath the larval antenna, and its inner layer gives rise to the adult antenna during the pupal stage. The sensilla develop from a cluster of cells that are derived from one stem cell, which gives rise to both sensory and enveloping cells. During the morphogenesis of the sensillum these cells undergo major transformations, including cell death. In the moth Agrotis segetum the pupal stage lasts about 14 days (temperature, 25°C). The antennae, clearly seen from the exterior, were dissected and fixed according to standard procedures (3 % glutaraldehyde in 0.15 M cacaodylate buffer, followed by 1 % osmiumtetroxide in the same buffer). Pupae from day 1 to day 8, of both sexes were studied.

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Analysis of parent of origin effects in Sorbs using long range phasing algorithms

Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel ◽

10.1055/s-0034-1375033 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (S 01) ◽

Author(s):

X Liu ◽

M Scholz ◽

A Tönjes ◽

M Stumvoll ◽

PF Stadler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Long Range ◽

Parent Of Origin ◽

Origin Effects

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How to Correct for Chance Agreement in the Estimation of Sensitivity and Specificity of Diagnostic Tests

Methods of Information in Medicine ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1635010 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 33 (02) ◽

pp. 180-186 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

H. Brenner ◽

O. Gefeller

Keyword(s):

Sensitivity And Specificity ◽

Disease Status ◽

Disease Prevalence ◽

Small Sample ◽

Small Samples ◽

Interval Estimate ◽

Traditional Concept ◽

Interval Estimates ◽

Major Disadvantage ◽

Test Result

Abstract:The traditional concept of describing the validity of a diagnostic test neglects the presence of chance agreement between test result and true (disease) status. Sensitivity and specificity, as the fundamental measures of validity, can thus only be considered in conjunction with each other to provide an appropriate basis for the evaluation of the capacity of the test to discriminate truly diseased from truly undiseased subjects. In this paper, chance-corrected analogues of sensitivity and specificity are presented as supplemental measures of validity, which pay attention to the problem of chance agreement and offer the opportunity to be interpreted separately. While recent proposals of chance-correction techniques, suggested by several authors in this context, lead to measures which are dependent on disease prevalence, our method does not share this major disadvantage. We discuss the extension of the conventional ROC-curve approach to chance-corrected measures of sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, point and asymptotic interval estimates of the parameters of interest are derived under different sampling frameworks for validation studies. The small sample behavior of the estimates is investigated in a simulation study, leading to a logarithmic modification of the interval estimate in order to hold the nominal confidence level for small samples.

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PERIODONTAL DISEASE STATUS, KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, PRACTICE AND TREATMENT NEEDS OF PREGNANT WOMEN

Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy ◽

10.34071/jmp.2018.6.18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 138-144

Author(s):

Thien Nguyen Duc ◽

Tai Tran Tan

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Disease ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Disease Status ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Gestation Period ◽

Treatment Needs ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mean Values ◽

The Mean

Background: Periodontal disease is a prominent and important issue of public health, especially in pregnant women. The objective of this study is to describe the clinical characteristics; learn knowledge, attitudes, practice oral hygiene and assess the need for treatment of periodontal disease in pregnant women. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study of 210 pregnant women who visited the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital. Clinical examination and interview questions on knowledge, attitudes and practice of oral care for all subjects. Results: The incidence of gingivitis was 100%, with mild gingivitis of 4,3% and moderate gingivitis of 95.7%. There was a difference in incidence rates of gingivitis in the gestational period (p<0.001). The incidence of periodontitis is 17.6% and there is no difference in gestational age (p>0.05). The mean values of GI and BOP indices differed by gestation period (p<0.05) and PD, OHI-S, PlI have statistically significant relationship with gestation period (p>0.05). The incidence of periodontal disease is 80.5%; The percentage of pregnant women who abstain from brushing their teeth after birth is 61.4%. Prevalence of brushing once a day: 7.1%; Twice a day: 70.5% and 3 times daily: 22.4%; The mean values of GI, PD, BOP, OHI-S and PlI were inversely proportional to the number of brushing (p<0.001). The rate of dental hygiene is just 3.3%; The rate of oral hygiene, dental plaque and plaque removal was 94,3%; The proportion of subjects required for intensive treatment is 2.4%. Conclusion: Periodontal disease, especially for pregnant women, is high. It is necessary to educate the knowledge, attitudes and practice of proper oral hygiene and to better meet the demand for periodontal disease treatment for pregnant women. Key words: Periodontal disease, pregnant women, knowledge, attitude, practice for oral hygiene, treatment needs

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