Distribution of cutworms in vegetable crops, their harm and the effectiveness of insecticides tested against them

In this article, from the tunnels that infect the underground part of vegetable crops: turnip moth (Agrotis segetum Den.et Schiff), cut worm (A. exclamationis. L.), turn black-C (Xestia c-nigrum L.), wild turn (Euxoa agricola V.), gamma turn (Mamestra suasa Schiff.), tobacco turn (Agrotis obesa B.) and epsolon turn (A. ipsilon Rotl) encounter was detected. Underground cutworms damage to tomatoes is estimated at 6-10% in Navoi, Bukhara and Khorezm regions, 12-20% in the Republic of Karakalpakstan and Surkhandarya, Jizzakh and Syrdarya regions, and 20% in other regions such as Samarkand, Kashkadarya, Andijan, Fergana and Namangan. Up to 31% of underground tunnels were found to be damaged. The damage of the aboveground part cutworms was determined by 18% in Navoi, 15% in Jizzakh, 15-18% in Bukhara and Khorezm regions, 12-15% in Sirdarya, Surkhondarya, Karakalpakstan, 25-30% in the remaining regions. Against worms of months in tomatoes, Deltasis, 2,5% concentration of emulsion (deltametrin), 50% concentration of emulsion in Kurarfon (Profenofos) and Torpedo Jet, 14% soluble powder (Indoxicarb+emamectin benzoate), 2,5% concentration of emulsion in Defentox (deltametrin), when their preparations were tested, 87-93% efficiency was achieved. Contraindications: the drug Kapito 9,3% suspension concentrate (Chlorantraniliprol) is used on the account of 0,45 l/ha to 89,5%, the drug Emafos 42% soluble powder (emamectin benzoate +chlorpyrifos) to 0,6 l/ha. When used on account of 91, 3%, Koragen, 200 soluble powder (chlorantraniliprol) preparation, when applied to 0,2 l/H, 91,6% efficiency was achieved

Ionotropic receptors in the turnip moth Agrotis segetum respond to repellent medium-chain fatty acids

In insects, airborne chemical signals are mainly detected by two receptor families, odorant receptors (ORs) and ionotropic receptors (IRs). Functions of ORs have been intensively investigated in Diptera and Lepidoptera, while the functions and evolution of the more ancient IR family remain largely unexplored beyond Diptera. Here, we identified a repertoire of 26 IRs from transcriptomes of female and male antennae, and ovipositors in the moth Agrotis segetum. We observed that a large clade formed by IR75p and IR75q expansions is closely related to the acid-sensing IRs identified in Diptera. We functionally assayed each of the five AsegIRs from this clade using Xenopus oocytes and found that two receptors responded to the tested ligands. AsegIR75p.1 responded to several compounds but hexanoic acid was revealed to be the primary ligand, and AsegIR75q.2 responded primarily to octanoic acid, and less so to nonanoic acid. It has been reported that the C6-C10 medium-chain fatty acids repel various insects including many drosophilids and mosquitos. Our GC-EAD recordings showed that C6-C10 medium-chain fatty acids elicited antennal responses of both sexes of A. segetum, while only octanoic acid had repellent effect to the moths in a behavioural assay. In addition, using fluorescence in situ hybridization, we demonstrated that AsegIR75q.2 and its co-receptor AsegIR8a are not located in coeloconic sensilla as found in Drosophila, but in basiconic or trichoid sensilla. These functional data in combination with our phylogenetic analysis suggest that subfunctionalization of the acid-sensing IRs after gene duplication plays an important role in the evolution of ligand specificities of the acid-sensing IRs in Lepidoptera.

The analysis of presence and abundance of moths Agrotis segetum, A. exclamationis and Hyphantria cunea during 2018, 2019 and 2020, and the forecast for 2021 in Bačka region

The results of monitoring the number and flight dynamics of butterflies of Agrotis segetum, A. exclamationis and Hyphantria cunea using a light trap type RO Agrobečej in Sombor and Čelarevo during the period from 2018 to 2020 are presented. Weather conditions during the research period were analyzed. Based on the results, a positive long-term forecast for 2021 of all listed species was announced. The first generation of caterpillars of all named species will be more numerous than last year. The need for control of first generation caterpillars of A. segetum and A. exclamationis on later sown maize varieties, as well as on peppers, tomatoes, melons and cabbages, which are sown in late May and early June, is anticipated. The caterpillars of the first generation of H. cunea will have to be controlled in plantations of walnuts, hazelnuts, plums, cherries, sour cherries, mulberries and on many ornamental plants in late May and early June. Short-term forecast and signals for the optimal time of suppression will be announced on the website www.agroupozorenje.rs.

Bioecological properties of underground pests in cultivation of potatoes planted after grain

In the conditions of Tashkent and Samarkand provinces of Uzbekistan, autumn moth (Agrotis segetum Den. Et Sshiff) is one of the most common pests in irrigated agricultural areas. The worms of this pest damage hundreds of crops belonging to 34 families and infect cotton, alfalfa, sugar beet, corn, cereals, legumes, oilseeds and vegetables, melons and potatoes, as well as ivy, wild coconut, sorghum, and oats. Autumn nocturnal worms pierce the seed pods, damaging the root collar of young sprouting crops. The developmental characteristics of underground pests of potatoes planted in the post-grain recurrence period were studied, their bioecology according to the characteristics of damage to various crops.

The dynamics of development of cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera H?bner, 1805) and turnipmoth (Agrotis segetumSchif, 1775) (Lepidoptera; Noctuidae) in the sugar beet agrocenosis

There is comprehensive information about the dynamics of the development of cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) and turnip moth (Agrotis segetum) belonging to order Lepidoptera in the sugar beet agrocenosis. The seasonal and diurnal flying-dynamics of both species, harmful period of the caterpillars in the agrocenosis, and some biological characteristics have been investigated during the studies. Obtained results can have practical importance for the control of these pests.

Influence Of Cotton Cultivation Techniques In Bukhara Region On Reduction Of Damage To Plants By Turnip Moth

In Jondor region, cotton is damaged by more than 200 types of pests. One of the most common is turnip moth (Agrotis segetum), harmfulness of which reaches up to 18%. To preserve cotton from damage by turnip moth (Agrotis segetum), a complex system of measures is used, among which the leading place as the safest pest control measures is taken by agrotechnical combating methods that include changes of main environmental factors, inhibition of the development of pests and improvement of cotton growing conditions.

Урожайность различных сортов картофеля и их повреждение вредителями в условиях Удмуртской Республики

В рамках развития органического сельского хозяйства актуально выявление сортов с высокой устойчивостью к вредным организмам. В условиях Удмуртской Республики на дерново-среднеподзолистой среднесуглинистой слабосмытой почве в 2017-2018 годах проводились исследования, целью которых была оценка новых и перспективных сортов картофеля различных по срокам созревания. Одной из задач было выявление повреждений клубней вредителями. Изучали сорта картофеля разных сроков созревания: раннеспелые Нандина, Ред Соня, Колетте, Беллароза, Винета, Джоконда, Раноми среднеспелые Джелли, Вираж, Гала, Рябинушка, Каптива, Алуэт позднеспелые Ред Фентази, Церата КВС, Танго. Полевой однофакторный опыт закладывался согласно методике полевого опыта. Клубневой анализ проводили в соответствии с ГОСТ 33996-2016 Картофель семенной. Технические условия и методы определения качества. Коэффициент адаптивности изучаемых сортов картофеля рассчитан по методу Л.А. Животкова. За два года исследований более урожайными были раннеспелые сорта: Нандина, Ред Соня, Беллароза, Раноми среднеспелые: Джелли, Каптива, Алуэт позднеспелые: Ред Фентази и Церата КВС. Повреждение клубней картофеля личинками щелкуна (проволочником) было очень высоким и составило в 2017 году в среднем по сортам 47, в 2018 году 61. В оба года исследований клубни были повреждены личинками озимой совки (в среднем 3-4 ), личинками майского хруща (1-2 ). В 2018 году наблюдалось повреждение полевками (в среднем по сортам 3 ). Раннеспелые сорта являются более адаптивными к условиям Удмуртской Республики (коэффициент адаптивности 1,22 и 1,31). Однако качество посадочного материала не соответствует ГОСТ по проценту повреждений вредителями. Поэтому необходима тщательная сортировка и доведение клубней до регламентируемых показателей. Для снижения поврежденности в полевых условиях картофель требуется размещать после бобовых и крестоцветных культур, проводить известкование почв и вносить перепревшие органические удобрения.As part of the development of organic agriculture, the identification of varieties with high resistance to pests is relevant. In the conditions of the Udmurt Republic, studies were carried out in 2017-2018 on the derno-medium-soil average carbon-free weak soil, the purpose of which was to assess new and permissive potato cultivars of different maturation times. One challenge was to identify damage to tubers by insect pests and the possibility of using them as planting material. Potato cultivars of different maturation dates were studied: early Nandina, Red Sonya, Kolette, Bellaroza, Vineta, Dzhokonda, Ranomi medium Dzhelli, Virazh, Gala, Ryabinushka, Kaptiva, Aluet late Red Fentazi, Tserata KVS, Tango. Field one-factor experiment was laid according to the method of experimental work. Tuberous analysis was carried out in accordance with GOST 33996-2016 Seed Potatoes. Technical conditions and methods of quality determination . The coefficient of adaptivity of the studied potato cultivars is calculated according to the method of L.A. Zhemkov. More crop-producing were early cultivars: Nandina, Red Sonya, Bellaroza, Ranomi average: Dzhelli, Kaptiva, Aluet late: Red Fentazi and Tserata CF. During the years of research, there was damage to potato tubers by wireworm in 2017 on average 47, and in 2018 61. The only cultivar, Ranomi, was not damaged by the wireworm in 2017. A small number of tubers was damaged by larvae of turnip moth (Agrotis segetum) (3-4) and larvae of white grub (1-2). During two years of research in the Udmurt Republic early cultivars were more adaptive, the coefficient of adaptability was 1,31 and 1,22. However, the quality of the planting material by the percentage of damaged tubers by pests does not comply with state standard. For growing in the region, early cultivars Nandin, Red Sonya, Kolette, Bellarosa, Vineta, Dzhokonda, Ranomi are more suitable from middle cultivars Dzhelli, Kaptiva and Aluet turned out to be more stable from late ripening Red Fentazi. Due to severe damage by insect pests, especially wireworms, careful sorting and bringing tubers to regulated parameters, liming of soils, and introduction of rotted organic fertilizers are necessary, as well as to place potatoes in crop rotation after legumes and cruciferous crops.

Метод массового отлова самцов Agrotis segetum с помощью феромонных ловушек

Three main activity periods of the A. segetum population corresponding to the three-generation development of the pest in the climatic conditions of the Republic of Moldova using pheromone traps. The method of mass capture of males of A. Segetum has been determined to be highly biologically effective in the case of soy.

SOYBEAN INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT FOR PROMOTING SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE

"In order to protect agroecosystems and to optimize soybean crop yield from the Transylvanian Plain, the adoption of complex methods of sustainable management with minimal impact on the environment has now become a challenge. Therefore, an experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research-Development Station Turda in 2018, to provide the best methods for the development of an Integrated Management System (IMS) for phytosanitary soybean crop risks. The field factorial experiment was based on a subdivided parcel design with two replications. Experimental models for soybean crop protection have been developed. Field research was carried out for analyzing the technological (agricultural practices), biological (diseases, insects, pests) and environmental (climate change, methods of improving soil fertility with phytosanitary risk by applying environmentally friendly products) factors affecting soybean crop yield and quality. An entomological sampling strategy (pheromone traps, plant surveys) was used for evaluating the IMS environmental risk and methods for increasing plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stress factors were also studied. The obtained data was correlated with the production values for the 3 experimental factors: the tillage system, fertilization and treatments. The following pests were recorded, soil pests Coleoptera, Agriotes larvae, Opatrum, dipterans Delia platura and D. florilega, vectors of viruses and phytoplasmoses, cicadas, aphids, trips and the common red spider Tetranychus urticae, defoliating omissions Vanessa cardui, owls Autographa gamma, Mamestra suasa, M. oleracea, Agrotis segetum) etc. In the climatic conditions of 2018, most frequent pathogens were downy mildew (Peronospora manshurica and bacterial blight Pseudomonas glycinae."