scholarly journals Assessment of Variation in Feeding Behavior by Color Morph in the Asian citrus Psyllid (Diaphorini Citri Kuwayama)

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Antolínez ◽  
Krzysztof Szejbak ◽  
Kerry E. Mauck ◽  
Monique J. Rivera
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Asian Citrus Psyllid ◽  
Color Morph ◽  
Behavior Understanding ◽  
Yellow Color ◽  
Life Traits ◽  
Color Morphs ◽  
Behavioral Parameters ◽  
High Degree

AbstractThe Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera:Liviidae), vector of huanglongbing disease, displays a high degree of color polyphenism. In the adult stage, ACP exhibits abdominal colors that can be separated into three color groupings: blue-green, grey-brown and orange-yellow. Color morphology has been shown to influence important and energetically costly psyllid life traits including reproduction, dispersion, immune defense and resistance to insecticides. Despite this, it remains unclear how color morphology is correlated with feeding behavior. Understanding variation in feeding behavior of the ACP color morphs is critical to better understanding how ACP populations utilize host-plants and to assess potential risk for transmission of the causal agent of huanglongbing disease. We compared the feeding behavior of the three ACP color morphs by using electropenetrography (EPG). We did not detect differences in the feeding behavior activities at phloem or xylem tissues when comparing the three-color morphs. Furthermore, there were no differences in feeding behavioral parameters before reaching phloem or xylem tissues. Our results suggest energy requirements are similar between color morphs and feeding behavior parameters associated with CLas transmission are potentially similar between color morphs.

scholarly journals GLP-2 receptor in POMC neurons suppresses feeding behavior and gastric motility

2012 ◽  
Vol 303 (7) ◽  
pp. E853-E864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinfu Guan ◽  
Xuemei Shi ◽  
Xiaojie Li ◽  
Benny Chang ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Gastric Motility ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Melanocortin Receptor ◽  
Melanocortin System ◽  
Dorsomedial Nucleus

Glucagon-like peptides (GLP-1/2) are cosecreted from endocrine L cells in the gut and preproglucagonergic neurons in the brain. Peripheral GLP-2 action is essential for maintaining intestinal homeostasis, improving absorption efficiency and blood flow, promoting immune defense, and producing efficacy in treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. However, it is unknown if CNS GLP-2 plays a physiological role in the control of energy homeostasis. Since GLP-1/2 are cotranslated from preproglucagongene and coproduced by prohormone convertase-1, it is challenging to knockout GLP-2 only. Instead, our laboratory has generated a Glp2r-floxed mouse line to dissect cell-specific GLP-2 receptor GLP-2R) action in the regulation of energy balance. Our objective was to determine if GLP-2R in the hypothalamus modulates feeding behavior and gastric emptying. We show that Glp2r mRNA and protein are highly expressed in the arcuate nucleus and dorsomedial nucleus of the mouse hypothalamus. Using the Cre-LoxP system, we generated mice that lack Glp2r expression in POMC neurons (KO; mainly in the hypothalamus). The KO mice showed hyperphagic behavior (such as increases in food intake and meal frequency), accelerated gastric emptying (assessed by [13C]octanoic acid breath test), and late-onset obesity, yet there was no decrease in basal metabolic rate. Infusion of GLP-2 (2.5 nmol into the 4th ventricle) suppressed food intake and gastric emptying, while GLP-2-mediated effects were abolished in the melanocortin receptor-4 (MC4R) KO mice. We conclude that Glp2r deletion in POMC neurons enhances feeding behavior and gastric motility, whereas icv GLP-2R activation suppresses food intake and gastric emptying through the MC4R signaling pathway. This study indicates that CNS GLP-2R plays a physiological role in the control of feeding behavior and gastric emptying and that this is mediated probably through the melanocortin system.

scholarly journals Effects of Soil-Applied Imidacloprid on Asian Citrus Psyllid (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) Feeding Behavior

2012 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 1492-1502 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Serikawa ◽  
E. A. Backus ◽  
M. E. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Asian Citrus Psyllid

Effective Breeding Size and the Adaptive Significance of color Polymorphism in the Cricket Frog (Acris crepitans) in Illinois, U. S. A.

1984 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Color Polymorphism ◽  
Adaptive Significance ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Color Morph ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Acris Crepitans ◽  
Color Morphs ◽  
Population Breeding ◽  
Cricket Frog

A three year field study was conducted to investigate the adaptive significance of color polymorphism in the cricket frog, Acris crepitans, in Illinois, U. S. A. Effective population breeding sizes were determined at seven different locations. Population characteristics in Illinois were compared with those from Texas. The three color morphs appear to be of equal survival value for cricket frogs in Illinois. Although strong selection may occur in Texas, small effective breeding sizes suggest that chance plays a major role in determining color morph frequencies in Illinois.

scholarly journals Frequency-Dependent Mate Selection in the Guppy (Poeciliidae: Poecilia reticulata)

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 212-217
Author(s):  
Andre N. Porter ◽  
Jack S. Frankel
Keyword(s):  
Mate Selection ◽  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Female Mate Choice ◽  
Mating Strategies ◽  
Population Heterogeneity ◽  
Color Morph ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Frequency Dependent ◽  
Acclimation Period ◽  
Color Morphs

Heterogeneity within a population enhances its long-term survival. A fundamental method of maintaining population heterogeneity is the retention of rare or uncommon phenotypes by selective mating strategies. Employing two color morphs, red tuxedo and red, of the guppy (Poecilia reticulata, Poeciliidae), this study was designed to investigate whether P. reticulata females would preferentially seek out heterogeneous groupings of males exhibiting two color morphs. Adult female guppies were exposed simultaneously to two groups of males (n=10); one comprised of only the tuxedo color morph (n=5) and the other of both color morphs (n=5). For the latter group, the ratio of males exhibiting the two colorations was changed incrementally over multiple trials, beginning and ending with homogeneous groupings (5:0, 4:1, 3:2, 2:3, 1:4, 0:5). Experiments were conducted employing a 76 L aquarium partitioned at both ends to house the male groups. Individual females were placed into an acclimation, holding column located in the center compartment of the experimental aquarium. Subsequent to a five minute acclimation period in the holding column, each female was released. Courting behaviors and population affinities (i.e. female location relative to the male compartments) were recorded every five seconds over a five minute observation period. Females did not show a preference for male groupings exhibiting either the 4:1 or 1:4 color ratios. However, females clearly showed affinity for the male groupings of 3:2 and 2:3 (p <0.05). This investigation on female mate choice in P. reticulata clearly reveals that a mating strategy is occurring in this species and that it is frequency-dependent.

scholarly journals Asian Citrus Psyllid Feeding Behavior in Citrus Treated with Specific and Non-Specific dsRNA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonatha dos Santos Silva ◽  
Eduardo Chumbinho de Andrade ◽  
Wayne Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Asian Citrus Psyllid

scholarly journals A new species of Chromis damselfish from the tropical western Atlantic (Teleostei, Pomacentridae)

ZooKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1008 ◽  
pp. 107-138
Author(s):  
Emily P. McFarland ◽  
Carole C. Baldwin ◽  
David Ross Robertson ◽  
Luiz A. Rocha ◽  
Luke Tornabene
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Color Morph ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Deep Reef ◽  
Color Morphs ◽  
A New Species

Initially described in 1882, Chromis enchrysurus, the Yellowtail Reeffish, was redescribed in 1982 to account for an observed color morph that possesses a white tail instead of a yellow one, but morphological and geographic boundaries between the two color morphs were not well understood. Taking advantage of newly collected material from submersible studies of deep reefs and photographs from rebreather dives, this study sought to determine whether the white-tailed Chromis is actually a color morph of Chromis enchrysurus or a distinct species. Phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial genes cytochrome b and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I separated Chromis enchrysurus and the white-tailed Chromis into two reciprocally monophyletic clades. A principal component analysis based on 27 morphological characters separated the two groups into clusters that correspond with caudal-fin coloration, which was either known or presumed based on the specimen’s collection site according to biogeographic data on species boundaries in the Greater Caribbean. Genetic, morphological, and biogeographic data all indicate that the white-tailed Chromis is a distinct species, herein described as Chromis vanbebberaesp. nov. The discovery of a new species within a conspicuous group such as damselfishes in a well-studied region of the world highlights the importance of deep-reef exploration in documenting undiscovered biodiversity.

scholarly journals Do Sharpshooters From Around the World Produce the Same EPG Waveforms? Comparison of Waveform Libraries From Xylella fastidiosa (Xanthomonadales: Xanthomonadaceae) Vectors Kolla paulula (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) From Taiwan and Graphocephala atropunctata From California

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine A Backus ◽  
Hsien-Tzung Shih
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Exotic Invasive Species ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Exotic Invasive ◽  
Primary Vector ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Degree

Abstract When an exotic invasive species is a vector-borne plant pathogen, vector feeding behavior must be studied to identify potential host plant range and performance of specialized pathogen transmission behaviors. The most rigorous tool for assessing vector feeding behavior is electropenetrography (EPG). Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al. is a gram-negative bacterium native to the Americas, where it is the causal agent of lethal scorch-type diseases such as Pierce’s disease (PD) of grapevines. In 2002, a PD strain of X. fastidiosa invaded Asia for the first time, as confirmed from grape vineyards in Taiwan. Kolla paulula (Wallker), a native Asian species of sharpshooter leafhopper, was found to be the primary vector in Taiwanese vineyards. This study used an AC-DC electropenetrograph to record stylet probing behaviors of K. paulula on healthy grapevines. The main objective was to create an EPG waveform library for K. paulula. Waveform description, characterization of R versus emf components (electrical origins), and proposed biological meanings of K. paulula waveforms are reported. In addition, comparison of K. paulula waveforms with those from the most efficient, native vector of X. fastidiosa in California vineyards, Graphocephala atropunctata, is also reported. Overall, both species of sharpshooters had similar-appearing waveforms. Five new findings were identified, especially that the previously described but rare waveform subtype, B1p, was extensively produced in K. paulula recordings. Sharpshooter waveforms from species worldwide share a high degree of similarity. Thus, EPG methods can be rapidly applied to potential vectors where X. fastidiosa is newly introduced.

scholarly journals One of these morphs is not like the others: orange morphs exhibit different escape behavior than other morphs in a color polymorphic lizard

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinsey M Brock ◽  
Indiana E. Madden
Keyword(s):  
Escape Behavior ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Color Morph ◽  
Behavioral Strategies ◽  
Predator Species ◽  
Color Morphs ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Escape Behaviors ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Predator Behavior

Variation in color morph behavior is an important factor in the maintenance of color polymorphism. Alternative anti-predator behaviors are often associated with morphological traits such as coloration, possibly because predator-mediated viability selection favors certain combinations of anti-predator behavior and color. The Aegean wall lizard, Podarcis erhardii, is color polymorphic and populations can have up to three monochromatic morphs: orange, yellow, and white. We investigated whether escape behaviors differ among coexisting color morphs, and if morph behaviors are repeatable across different populations with the same predator species. Specifically, we assessed color morph flight initiation distance (FID), distance to the nearest refuge (DNR), and distance to chosen refuge (DR) in two populations of Aegean wall lizards from Naxos island. We also analyzed the type of refugia color morphs selected and their re-emergence behavior following a standardized intrusion event. We found that orange morphs have different escape behaviors from white and yellow morphs, and these differences are consistent in both of the populations we sampled. Orange morphs have shorter FIDs, DNRs, and DRs, select different refuge types, and re-emerge less often after an intruder event compared to white and yellow morphs. Observed differences in color morph escape behaviors support the idea that morphs have evolved alternative behavioral strategies that may play a role in population-level morph maintenance and loss.

scholarly journals GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION IN GENETIC DOMINANCE OF THE COLOR MORPHS OF THE RED-BACKED SALAMANDER, PLETHODON CINEREUS

Genetics ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Highton
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Variation ◽  
Epistatic Interaction ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Plethodon Cinereus ◽  
Color Morph ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Genetic Dominance ◽  
Color Morphs ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Greene County

ABSTRACT Female parent-offspring phenotypic data on color morph frequencies in the red-backed salamander, Plethodon cinereus, were obtained from two Virginia localities (164 broods from Greene County and 97 broods from Giles County). The color morph data indicate that the striped morph is genetically dominant in Giles County and recessive in Greene County. It is suggested that epistatic interaction of two or more loci is responsible for the difference between the localities.

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