The Role of Bodily Expression in Memory Representations of Sadness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariko Shirai ◽  
Takahiro Soshi
Keyword(s):  
Bodily Expression ◽  
Memory Representations

scholarly journals Using satellite images in teaching geography at school

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Images ◽  
Visual Image ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Atmospheric Fronts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Memory Representations ◽  
Control Knowledge

Satellite images occupy a signifi cant place in the Earth Sciences. This fully applies to geography. Images of the Earth from space are used in various activities: to assess crops, to establish the boundaries of a phenomenon, to determine the degree of contamination of land or ocean surfaces, to search for minerals, and so on. But in school geography, satellite images are used very rarely - for example, to prove the sphericity of the Earth or to show the view of each continent from space. The purpose of this article is to highlight the methods of using satellite images in geography lessons at school and to create tasks based on these means of training. Main material. The history of using satellite images in school geography has been considered in the article. Advantages and disadvantages of satellite images as training tools are also noted. The role of satellite images in the formation of geographical representations is highlighted by the authors. These images realistically depict many natural phenomena (atmospheric fronts, cyclones, dust storms, etc.). Therefore, as a means of visualization, they contribute to the formation of memory representations in schoolchildren. Examples of a number of satellite images show how they can be used in teaching geography. The article off ers a methodical way of the use of satellite images at diff erent stages of learning. These images can be used to explain the training material, repeat it, control knowledge, and so on. Satellite images can be used to solve cartographic tasks. As practice has shown, we can perform creative tasks based on images. Conclusions. Satellite images play an important role in the system of teaching geography. The use of satellite images allows us to improve the pupils’ interest in the subject. Satellite images form geographical memory representations create a visual image of the natural appearance of the Earth. The study of educational opportunities of the Earth’s images from space has revealed three groups of requirements: pedagogical, technical and specific, determined by the content of school geography. The teacher should select satellite images based on the content of educational tasks of school geography.

scholarly journals Target-Target Perceptual Similarity Within the Attentional Blink

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan M. Makarov ◽  
Elena S. Gorbunova
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Attentional Blink ◽  
Trial Design ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Perceptual Similarity ◽  
Memory Representations ◽  
Report Accuracy ◽  
Blocked Design ◽  
Shape And Size

Three experiments investigated the role of target-target perceptual similarity within the attentional blink (AB). Various geometric shapes were presented in a rapid serial visual presentation task. Targets could have 2, 1, or 0 shared features. Features included shape and size. The second target was presented after five or six different lags after the first target. The task was to detect both targets on each trial. Second-target report accuracy was increased by target-target similarity. This modulation was observed more for mixed-trial design as compared with blocked design. Results are discussed in terms of increased stability of working memory representations and reduced interference for second-target processing.

Neglecting the posterior parietal cortex: The role of higher-order perceptual memories for working-memory retention

2003 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 749-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Mecklinger ◽  
Bertram Opitz
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Fmri Data ◽  
Memory Retention ◽  
Memory Representations ◽  
Posterior Parietal ◽  
Dynamic Link

The view that posterior brain systems engaged in lower-order perceptual functions are activated during sustained retention is challenged by fMRI data, which show consistent retention-related activation of higher-order memory representations for a variety of working-memory materials. Sustained retention entails the dynamic link of these higher-order memories with schemata for goal-oriented action housed by the frontal lobes.

Diagnostic Colours Influence Speeded Scene Recognition

Perception ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 25 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 114-114
Author(s):  
A Oliva ◽  
P G Schyns
Keyword(s):  
Scene Recognition ◽  
Critical Aspect ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Visual Processes ◽  
Real Scene ◽  
Memory Representations ◽  
Psychophysical Studies ◽  
Second Category ◽  
Shape Data

A critical aspect of early visual processes is to extract shape data for matching against memory representations for recognition. Many theories of recognition assume that this is achieved by luminance information. However, psychophysical studies have revealed that colour is being used by low-level visual modules such as motion, stereopsis, texture, and 2-D shapes. Should colour really be discarded from theories of recognition? Here we present two studies which seek to throw light on the role of chromatic information for the recognition of real scene pictures. We used three versions of scene pictures (gray levels, normally coloured and abnormally coloured) coming from two broad categories. In the first category, colour was diagnostic of the category (eg beach, forest, and valley). In the second category colour was not diagnostic (eg city, road, and room). In the second category colour was not diagnostic (eg city, road, and room). Results revealed that chromatic information is being registered and facilitates recognition even after a 30 ms exposure to the scene stimuli. However, influences of colour on speeded categorisations were only observed with the colour-diagnostic categories. No influence of colour was observed with the other categories. A similar pattern of results was observed with 120 ms exposure. However, there was an interference of the wrong colour on recognition in colour-diagnostic categories. In sum, colour, when it is diagnostic of the category, influences speeded scene recognition.

The contribution of long-term memory and the role of frontal-lobe systems in on-line processing

2003 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 756-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer D. Ryan ◽  
Neal J. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory Binding ◽  
Memory Representations ◽  
On Line

Ruchkin et al. ascribe a pivotal role to long-term memory representations and binding within working memory. Here we focus on the interaction of working memory and long-term memory in supporting on-line representations of experience available to guide on-going processing, and we distinguish the role of frontal-lobe systems from what the hippocampus contributes to relational long-term memory binding.

scholarly journals Strategies of working with the sonorous body: Identifying other/new writing techniques in the field of bodily sound expression

New Sound ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
Dragana Stojanović
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Discursive Space ◽  
Bodily Expression ◽  
Transformative Potential ◽  
Relational Connection

The issue of the entanglement and interdependence of corporeality and textuality in the process of creating writing attracts attention both in the field of sound and of semantic and bodily expression in sound. When the body is established in the process of semanticization (and re-semanticization), as a specific threshold o f writing, the place and role of the sonorous body forms the focus of theoretical research in that discursive space. This text explores the body's relational connection with writing, focusing on the always present transformative potential of speaking writing (again) as a consequence and condition of bodily expression in sound.

scholarly journals Aging and the encoding of event changes: The role of neural activity pattern reinstatement

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Stawarczyk ◽  
Christopher N. Wahlheim ◽  
Joset A. Etzel ◽  
Abraham Z. Snyder ◽  
Jeffrey M. Zacks
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Activity Pattern ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Original Activity ◽  
Medial Cortex ◽  
Memory Representations ◽  
Past Experiences

AbstractWhen encountering unexpected event changes, memories of relevant past experiences must be updated to form new representations. Current models of memory updating propose that people must first generate memory-based predictions to detect and register that features of the environment have changed, then encode the new event features and integrate them with relevant memories of past experiences to form configural memory representations. Each of these steps may be impaired in older adults. Using functional MRI, we investigated these mechanisms in healthy young and older adults. In the scanner, participants first watched a movie depicting everyday activities in a day of an actor’s life. They next watched a second nearly identical movie in which some scenes ended differently. Crucially, before watching the last part of each activity, the second movie stopped, and participants were asked to mentally replay how the activity previously ended. Three days later, participants were asked to recall the activities. Neural activity pattern reinstatement in medial temporal lobe (MTL) during the replay phase of the second movie was associated with detecting changes and with better memory for the original activity features. Reinstatements in posterior medial cortex (PMC) additionally predicted better memory for changed features. Compared to young adults, older adults showed a reduced ability to detect and remember changes, and weaker associations between reinstatement and memory performance. These findings suggest that PMC and MTL contribute to change processing by reinstating previous event features, and that older adults are less able to use reinstatement to update memory for changed features.

scholarly journals Do group ensemble statistics bias visual working memory for individual items? A registered replication of Brady and Alvarez (2011)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Papenmeier ◽  
J. David Timm
Keyword(s):  
Bayes Factor ◽  
Mechanical Turk ◽  
Amazon Mechanical Turk ◽  
Original Experiment ◽  
Bayesian Evidence ◽  
Memory Representations ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
Factor Design ◽  
Successful Replication

AbstractWe performed a registered and precise replication of Experiment 1 reported in Brady and Alvarez (Psychological Science, 22, 384–392, 2011). The original experiment found that participants, who were asked to memorize the size of differently colored circles, reported the size of a probed circle biased toward the mean size of the same-colored group. Because our previous three unpublished replication attempts failed to find this effect, we powered the present registered replication using a Bayes Factor Design Analysis such that it provided compelling evidence regarding the presence or absence of the reported bias with a high probability, even under the assumption of smaller effect sizes. Thus, we recruited 663 participants through Amazon Mechanical Turk. We observed both a significant bias and strong Bayesian evidence in favor of the existence of a bias over the null hypothesis. Thus, our results can be considered a successful replication of the original findings, although with a considerably smaller effect size. We discuss the role of data quality when recruiting participants with Amazon Mechanical Turk. The present findings corroborate the idea that memory representations of individual objects are influenced by summary statistics.

scholarly journals Adult-born neurons promote cognitive flexibility by improving memory precision and indexing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Berdugo-Vega ◽  
Chi-Chieh Lee ◽  
Alexander Garthe ◽  
Gerd Kempermann ◽  
Federico Calegari
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Differential Regulation ◽  
Memory Representations ◽  
Adult Born Neurons ◽  
Navigational Learning ◽  
Memory Precision

SUMMARYThe dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus is fundamental for cognitive flexibility and has the extraordinary ability to generate new neurons throughout life. Recent evidence suggested that adult-born neurons differentially modulate input to the DG during the processing of spatial information and novelty. However, how this differential regulation by neurogenesis is translated into different aspects contributing cognitive flexibility is unclear. Here, we increased adult-born neurons by a genetic expansion of neural stem cells and studied their influence during navigational learning. We found that increased neurogenesis improved memory precision, indexing and retention and that each of these gains was associated with a differential activation of specific DG compartments and better separation of memory representations in the DG-CA3 network. Our results highlight the role of adult-born neurons in promoting memory precision in the infrapyramidal and indexing in the suprapyramidal blade of the DG and together contributing to cognitive flexibility.One sentence summaryNeurogenesis improves memory precision and indexing.

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