How do local habitat management and landscape structure at different spatial scales affect fritillary butterfly distribution on fragmented wetlands?

Site fidelity is thought to provide increased fitness through familiarity with the distribution of forage, protective cover, breeding and offspring rearing sites, and predators. For moose (Alces alces (Linnaeus, 1758)), previous research has documented fidelity at varying spatial scales. Our objective was to build on this knowledge and assess fidelity by adult female moose in two areas of central Ontario, Canada (Algonquin Provincial Park (APP) and Wildlife Management Unit 49 (WMU49)). We used global positioning system data to generate mean weekly locations for collared moose, then measured the distance between paired weekly locations among consecutive years to evaluate site fidelity. We tested for effects of study area, biological season, moose age, and reproductive status using generalized linear mixed models. Moose demonstrated stronger site fidelity in WMU49, an area with more anthropogenic disturbance, than the protected area, APP. Fidelity was weakest in the winter, but was similar among other seasons and was independent of maternal age and the presence of a calf. Our study highlights the need to consider the scale of site fidelity relative to habitat management. Actions aimed at supporting moose populations might benefit more by protecting habitat classes selected by moose rather than specific sites used by individuals.

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Landscape Heterogeneity and Dynamics

Essentials of Landscape Ecology ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198838388.003.0003 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 42-126

Author(s):

Kimberly A. With

Keyword(s):

Landscape Ecology ◽

Spatial Heterogeneity ◽

Landscape Structure ◽

Landscape Heterogeneity ◽

Spatial Scales ◽

Anthropogenic Disturbances ◽

Ecological Processes ◽

Disturbance Dynamics ◽

Wide Range ◽

Over Time

Heterogeneity is a defining characteristic of landscapes and therefore central to the study of landscape ecology. Landscape ecology investigates what factors give rise to heterogeneity, how that heterogeneity is maintained or altered by natural and anthropogenic disturbances, and how heterogeneity ultimately influences ecological processes and flows across the landscape. Because heterogeneity is expressed across a wide range of spatial scales, the landscape perspective can be applied to address these sorts of questions at any level of ecological organization, and in aquatic and marine systems as well as terrestrial ones. Disturbances—both natural and anthropogenic—are a ubiquitous feature of any landscape, contributing to its structure and dynamics. Although the focus in landscape ecology is typically on spatial heterogeneity, disturbance dynamics produce changes in landscape structure over time as well as in space. Heterogeneity and disturbance dynamics are thus inextricably linked and are therefore covered together in this chapter.

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Evaluating impacts of bottom trawling and hypoxia on benthic communities at the local, habitat, and regional scale using a modelling approach

ICES Journal of Marine Science ◽

10.1093/icesjms/fsz219 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 77 (1) ◽

pp. 278-289 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

P D van Denderen ◽

S G Bolam ◽

R Friedland ◽

J G Hiddink ◽

K Norén ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Baltic Sea ◽

Spatial Scales ◽

Benthic Communities ◽

Regional Scale ◽

The Baltic Sea ◽

Benthic Habitats ◽

Bottom Trawling ◽

Management Actions ◽

The Baltic ◽

Local Habitat

Abstract Bottom trawling disturbance and hypoxia are affecting marine benthic habitats worldwide. We present an approach to predict their effects on benthic communities, and use the approach to estimate the state, the biomass relative to carrying capacity, of the Baltic Sea at the local, habitat, and regional scale. Responses to both pressures are expected to depend on the longevity of fauna, which is predicted from benthic data from 1558 locations. We find that communities in low-salinity regions mostly consist of short-lived species, which are, in our model, more resilient than those of the saline areas. The model predicts that in 14% of the Baltic Sea region benthic biomass is reduced by at least 50%, whereas an additional 8% of the region has reductions of 10–50%. The effects of hypoxia occur over larger spatial scales and lead to a low state of especially deep habitats. The approach is based on a simple characterization of the benthic community, which comes with high uncertainty, but allows for the identification of benthic habitats that are at greatest risk and prioritization of management actions at the regional scale. This information supports the development of sustainable approaches to manage impact of human activities on benthic ecosystems.

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Habitat management on multiple spatial scales can enhance bee pollination and crop yield in tropical homegardens

Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment ◽

10.1016/j.agee.2016.03.001 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 223 ◽

pp. 144-151 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Iris Motzke ◽

Alexandra-Maria Klein ◽

Shahabuddin Saleh ◽

Thomas C. Wanger ◽

Teja Tscharntke

Keyword(s):

Crop Yield ◽

Habitat Management ◽

Spatial Scales ◽

Bee Pollination ◽

Multiple Spatial Scales

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Global-scale drivers of crop visitor diversity and the historical development of agriculture

Proceedings of The Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.2019.2096 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 286 (1915) ◽

pp. 20192096 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Julian Brown ◽

Saul A. Cunningham

Keyword(s):

Evolutionary History ◽

Habitat Management ◽

Spatial Scales ◽

Global Scale ◽

Landscape Scale ◽

Region Of Origin ◽

Flower Visitor ◽

History Of ◽

Bee Diversity ◽

Analyse Data

Understanding diversity in flower-visitor assemblages helps us improve pollination of crops and support better biodiversity conservation outcomes. Much recent research has focused on drivers of crop-visitor diversity operating over spatial scales from fields to landscapes, such as pesticide and habitat management, while drivers operating over larger scales of continents and biogeographic realms are virtually unknown. Flower and visitor traits influence attraction of pollinators to flowers, and evolve in the context of associations that can be ancient or recent. Plants that have been adopted into agriculture have been moved widely around the world and thereby exposed to new flower visitors. Remarkably little is known of the consequence of these historical patterns for present-day crop-visiting bee diversity. We analyse data from 317 studies of 27 crops worldwide and find that crops are visited by fewer bee genera outside their region of origin and outside their family's region of origin. Thus, recent human history and the deeper evolutionary history of crops and bees appear to be important determinants of flower-visitor diversity at large scales that constrain the levels of visitor diversity that can be influenced by field- and landscape-scale interventions.

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