scholarly journals Statistical Characteristics on SEPs, Radio-Loud CMEs, Low Frequency Type II and Type III Radio Bursts Associated with Impulsive and Gradual Flares

2020 ◽  
Vol 123 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 61-85
Author(s):  
P. Pappa Kalaivani ◽  
A. Shanmugaraju ◽  
O. Prakash ◽  
R.-S. Kim
1989 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-189
Author(s):  
N. Copalswamy ◽  
M. R. Kundu

AbstractWe present recent results from meter-decameter imaging of several classes of solar radio bursts: Preflare activity in the form of type III bursts, correlated type IIIs from distant sources, and type II and moving type IV bursts associated with flares and CMEs.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartosz Dabrowski ◽  
Paweł Flisek ◽  
Christian Vocks ◽  
Diana Morosan ◽  
Peijin Zhang ◽  
...  

<p>We hereby present the interferometric LOFAR observations made before and after the total solar eclipse on 21 August 2017, during which the type III radio bursts have been detected.</p><p>The LOw-Frequency ARray (LOFAR) is a large radio interferometer operating in the frequency range of 10–240 MHz, designed and constructed by ASTRON (the Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy). The LOFAR telescope is an array of stations distributed throughout the Netherlands and other parts of Europe. Currently the system consist of 52 LOFAR stations located in Europe. Apart from the high time and frequency resolution of the dynamic spectra, LOFAR allows also a 2D imaging of the radio sources and tracking of their positions through the solar corona.</p><p>In this work we present a preliminary analysis of the dynamic spectra of type III radio bursts with radio images.</p>


Solar Physics ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 217 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Shanmugaraju ◽  
Y.-J. Moon ◽  
M. Dryer ◽  
S. Umapathy

1974 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 255-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Duncan

Large solar radio outbursts at metre wavelengths often consist of a group of type III bursts followed a few minutes later by a type II burst; in both spectral types the intense burst radiation drifts towards lower frequencies with time (Figure 1).


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamish Reid ◽  
Eduard Kontar

<div> <div><span>Solar type III radio bursts contain a wealth of information about the dynamics of near-relativistic electron beams in the solar corona and the inner heliosphere; this information is currently unobtainable through other means.  Whilst electron beams expand along their trajectory, the motion of different regions of an electron beam (front, middle, and back) had never been systematically analysed before.  Using LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) observations between 30-70 MHz of type III radio bursts, and kinetic simulations of electron beams producing derived type III radio brightness temperatures, we explored the expansion as electrons propagate away from the Sun.  From relatively moderate intensity type III bursts, we found mean electron beam speeds for the front, middle and back of 0.2, 0.17 and 0.15 c, respectively.  Simulations demonstrated that the electron beam energy density, controlled by the initial beam density and energy distribution have a significant effect on the beam speeds, with high energy density beams reaching front and back velocities of 0.7 and 0.35 c, respectively.  Both observations and simulations found that higher inferred velocities correlated with shorter FWHM durations of radio emission at individual frequencies.  Our radial predictions of electron beam speed and expansion can be tested by the upcoming in situ electron beam measurements made by Solar Orbiter and Parker Solar Probe.</span></div> </div>


2021 ◽  
Vol 913 (1) ◽  
pp. L1
Author(s):  
Bing Ma ◽  
Ling Chen ◽  
Dejin Wu ◽  
Stuart D. Bale
Keyword(s):  

2004 ◽  
Vol 605 (1) ◽  
pp. 503-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Wu ◽  
M. J. Reiner ◽  
P. H. Yoon ◽  
H. N. Zheng ◽  
S. Wang

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Immanuel Christopher Jebaraj ◽  
Jasmina Magdalenic ◽  
Stefaan Poedts

<p>Solar radio emission is studied for many decades and a large number of studies have been dedicated to metric radio emission originating from the low corona. It is generally accepted that solar radio emission  observed at wavelengths below the metric range is produced by the coherent plasma emission mechanism. Fine structures seem to be an intrinsic part of solar radio emission and they are very important for understanding plasma processes in the solar medium. Extensive reporting and number of studies of the metric range fine structures were performed, but studies of fine structures in the interplanetary domain are quite rare. New and advanced ground-based radio imaging spectroscopic techniques (e.g. LOFAR, MWA, etc.,) and space-based observations (Wind/WAVES, STEREO/WAVES A & B, PSP, and SolO in the future) provide a unique opportunity to study radio fine structures observed  all the way from metric to kilometric range.</p><p>Radio signatures of solar eruptive events, such as flares and CMEs, observed in the interplanetary space are mostly confined to type II (radio signatures of magneto-hydrodynamic shock waves), and type III  bursts(electron beams propagating along open and quasi-open magnetic field lines). In this study, we have identified, and analyzed three types of fine structures present within the interplanetary radio bursts. Namely, the striae-like fine structures within type III bursts, continuum-like emission patches, and very slow drifting narrowband structures within type II radio bursts. Since space-based radio observations are limited to dynamic spectra, we use the novel radio triangulation technique employing direction finding measurements from stereoscopic spacecraft (Wind/WAVES, STEREO/WAVES A & B) to obtain the 3D position of the radio emission. The novelty of the technique is that it is not dependent on a density model and in turn can probe the plasma density in the triangulated radio source positions (Magdalenic et al. 2014). Results of the study show that locating the radio source helps not only to understand the generation mechanism of the fine structures but also the ambient plasma conditions such as e.g. electron density. We found that fine structures are associated with complex CME/shock wave structures which interact with the ambient magnetic field structures. We also discuss the possible relationship between the fine structures, the broadband emission they are part of, and the solar eruptive events they are associated with.</p>


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmina Magdalenic ◽  
Christophe Marque ◽  
Richard Fallows ◽  
Gottfried Mann ◽  
Christian Vocks ◽  
...  

<p>On August 25, 2014, NOAA AR 2146 produced the M2.0 class flare (peaked at 15:11 UT). The flare was associated with a halo CME and a radio event observed by LOFAR (the LOw-Frequency Array). The radio event consisted of a type II, type III and type IV radio emissions. In this study, we present LOFAR observations of the type II (radio signatures of shock waves) and type III bursts (radio signatures of fast electron beams propagating along open or quasi open field lines).  Both, the type II burst and type III bursts show strong fragmentation of the radio emission. Although fine structures of type II bursts were already reported, the richness of the fine structures observed in the studied event is unprecedented. We found type II fine structures morphologically very similar to the ones sometimes seen superposed on type IV continuum emission, and similar to simple narrowband super short structures (Magdalenic et al., 2006). The group of type III bursts was as usually, observed during the impulsive phase of the flare. The high frequency/time resolution LOFAR observations reveal that only few of the observed type III bursts have a smooth emission profile, and the majority of bursts is strongly fragmented. Surprisingly, fine structures of some type III bursts show similarities to the fine structures observed in the type II burst, but on a smaller frequency scale. Some of the type III bursts show a non-organized patchy structure which gives an indication on the possibly related turbulence processes. We show that these LOFAR observations bring completely new insight and pose a new challenge for the physics of the acceleration of electron beams and associated emission processes.</p>


1977 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 951-965 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Zaitsev

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