Inhibitory Effects of Photodynamic Inactivation on Planktonic Cells and Biofilms of Candida auris

2019 ◽  
Vol 184 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingwen Tan ◽  
Zhaoyang Liu ◽  
Yi Sun ◽  
Lianjuan Yang ◽  
Lujuan Gao
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Inactivation ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Planktonic Cells ◽  
Candida Auris

scholarly journals In Vitro Comparison of Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of Selected Fluoroquinolones against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Pathogens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majed Masadeh ◽  
Karem Alzoubi ◽  
Wesam Ahmed ◽  
Aisha Magaji
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Culture Collection ◽  
Strain Atcc ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Planktonic Cells ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Insight Into

An in vitro overview of the inhibitory effects of selected fluoroquinolones against planktonic and biofilm cells of the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain American type culture collection (ATCC) 43300 and the Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain ATCC 27853 was carried out. Biofilm cells of both strains were less susceptible to the selected antibiotics than their planktonic counterparts. In addition, certain antibiotics were more effective against biofilm cells, while others performed better on the planktonic cells. Against P. aeruginosa, ciprofloxacin was the most potent on both planktonic and biofilm cells, whereas ofloxacin was the least potent on both biofilm and planktonic cells. Moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin were the most potent against both planktonic and biofilm MRSA bacteria, however, not in the same order of activity. Norfloxacin was the least active when tested against both planktonic and biofilm cells. The results of this work are expected to provide insight into the efficacy of various fluoroquinolones against MRSA and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. This study could form the basis for future clinical studies that could recommend special guidelines for the management of infections that are likely to involve bacteria in their biofilm state.

Photodynamic inactivation induced by carboxypterin: a novel non-toxic bactericidal strategy against planktonic cells and biofilms ofStaphylococcus aureus

Biofouling ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 459-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Miñán ◽  
Carolina Lorente ◽  
Adriana Ipiña ◽  
Andrés H. Thomas ◽  
Mónica Fernández Lorenzo de Mele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Inactivation ◽  
Ofstaphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Planktonic Cells

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Photodynamic Inactivation Mediated by Rose Bengal and Erythrosine Is Effective in the Control of Food-Related Bacteria in Planktonic and Biofilm States

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 2288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Silva ◽  
Anabela Borges ◽  
Camila Freitas ◽  
Noboru Hioka ◽  
Jane Mikcha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rose Bengal ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Microbial Control ◽  
Photodynamic Inactivation ◽  
Planktonic Cells ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Xanthene Dyes ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Photosensitizing Agents ◽  
Green Led

The thermal and chemical-based methods applied for microbial control in the food industry are not always environmentally friendly and may change the nutritional and organoleptic characteristics of the final products. Moreover, the efficacy of sanitizing agents may be reduced when microbial cells are enclosed in biofilms. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of photodynamic inactivation, using two xanthene dyes (rose bengal and erythrosine) as photosensitizing agents and green LED as a light source, against Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria innocua, Enterococcus hirae and Escherichia coli in both planktonic and biofilm states. Both photosensitizing agents were able to control planktonic cells of all bacteria tested. The treatments altered the physicochemical properties of cells surface and also induced potassium leakage, indicating damage of cell membranes. Although higher concentrations of the photosensitizing agents (ranging from 0.01 to 50.0 μmol/L) were needed to be applied, the culturability of biofilm cells was reduced to undetectable levels. This finding was confirmed by the live/dead staining, where propidium iodide-labeled bacteria numbers reached up to 100%. The overall results demonstrated that photoinactivation by rose bengal and erythrosine may be a powerful candidate for the control of planktonic cells and biofilms in the food sector.

scholarly journals The Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity of Telithromycin Against Enterococcus spp. Isolated From Patients in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanpeng Xiong ◽  
Junwen Chen ◽  
Xiang Sun ◽  
Guangjian Xu ◽  
Peiyu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Housekeeping Genes ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Planktonic Cells ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Enterococcus Spp ◽  
Sequence Types

Telithromycin has been reported to possess robust in vitro antibacterial activity against many species of gram-positive bacteria, and telithromycin is also effective against Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. However, the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of telithromycin against clinical enterococci isolates in China is rarely reported and the impacts of telithromycin on the biofilm formation and eradication of enterococci remain elusive. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the inhibitory effects of telithromycin on planktonic cells and biofilms of Enterococcus strains. A total of 280 Enterococcus faecalis and 122 Enterococcus faecium isolates were collected from individual inpatients in China. The 50% minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC50) values of telithromycin against the E. faecalis and E. faecium strains carrying erythromycin-resistant methylase (erm) genes such as the ermA, ermB, or ermC, were 2 and 4 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, these isolates were typed using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) based on housekeeping genes. The predominant sequence types (STs) of E. faecalis were ST16, ST30, and ST179, and the main STs of E. faecium isolates were ST18, ST78, and ST80. Among these major STs, 87.1% (135/158) of E. faecalis and 80.4% (41/51) of E. faecium carried erm genes. Furthermore, at the subinhibitory concentrations (1/4 and 1/8 × MIC) of telithromycin, the biofilm formation of 16 E. faecalis isolates were inhibited by approximately 35%. Moreover, treatment with 8 × MIC of telithromycin or ampicillin led to an almost 40% reduction in the established biofilms of E. faecalis isolates, whereas vancomycin or linezolid with 8 × MIC had minimal effects. The combination of telithromycin and ampicillin resulted in an almost 70% reduction in the established biofilms of E. faecalis. In conclusion, these results revealed that telithromycin significantly decreased the planktonic cells of both E. faecalis and E. faecium. In addition, the data further demonstrated that telithromycin has the robust ability to inhibit E. faecalis biofilms and the combination of telithromycin and ampicillin improved antibiofilm activity. These in vitro antibacterial and antibiofilm activities suggest that telithromycin could be a potential candidate for the treatment of enterococcal infections.

scholarly journals In vitro and in vivo interaction of caspofungin with isavuconazole against Candida auris planktonic cells and biofilms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fruzsina Nagy ◽  
Zoltán Tóth ◽  
Fanni Nyikos ◽  
Lajos Forgács ◽  
Ágnes Jakab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Favourable Effect ◽  
Planktonic Cells ◽  
Candida Auris ◽  
Synergistic Interactions ◽  
Immunocompromised Mouse ◽  
Concentration Indices ◽  
Volume Range ◽  
Bliss Independence

AbstractThe in vitro and in vivo efficacy of caspofungin was determined in combination with isavuconazole against Candida auris. Drug–drug interactions were assessed utilising the fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICIs), the Bliss independence model and an immunocompromised mouse model. Median planktonic minimum inhibitory concentrations (pMICs) of 23 C. auris isolates were between 0.5 and 2 mg/L and between 0.015 and 4 mg/L for caspofungin and isavuconazole, respectively. Median pMICs for caspofungin and isavuconazole in combination showed 2–128-fold and 2–256-fold decreases, respectively. Caspofungin and isavuconazole showed synergism in 14 out of 23 planktonic isolates (FICI range 0.03–0.5; Bliss cumulative synergy volume range 0–4.83). Median sessile MICs (sMIC) of 14 biofilm-forming isolates were between 32 and >32 mg/L and between 0.5 and >2 mg/L for caspofungin and isavuconazole, respectively. Median sMICs for caspofungin and isavuconazole in combination showed 0–128-fold and 0-512-fold decreases, respectively. Caspofungin and isavuconazole showed synergistic interaction in 12 out of 14 sessile isolates (FICI range 0.023–0.5; Bliss cumulative synergy volume range 0.13–234.32). In line with the in vitro findings, synergistic interactions were confirmed by in vivo experiments. The fungal kidney burden decreases were more than 3 log volumes in mice treated with combination of 1 mg/kg caspofungin and 20 mg/kg isavuconazole daily; this difference was statistically significant compared with control mice (p<0.001). Despite the favourable effect of isavuconazole in combination with caspofungin, further studies are needed to confirm the therapeutic advantage of this combination when treating an infection caused by C. auris.

Comparison of the effect of rose bengal- and eosin Y-mediated photodynamic inactivation on planktonic cells and biofilms of Candida albicans

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 949-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Freire ◽  
Anna Carolina Borges Pereira Costa ◽  
Cristiane Aparecida Pereira ◽  
Milton Beltrame Junior ◽  
Juliana Campos Junqueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Rose Bengal ◽  
Eosin Y ◽  
Photodynamic Inactivation ◽  
Planktonic Cells

scholarly journals Transcriptome Assembly and Profiling of Candida auris Reveals Novel Insights into Biofilm-Mediated Resistance

mSphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Kean ◽  
Christopher Delaney ◽  
Leighann Sherry ◽  
Andrew Borman ◽  
Elizabeth M. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Transcriptome Assembly ◽  
Efflux Pumps ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Planktonic Cells ◽  
Candida Auris ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACT Candida auris has emerged as a significant global nosocomial pathogen. This is primarily due to its antifungal resistance profile but also its capacity to form adherent biofilm communities on a range of clinically important substrates. While we have a comprehensive understanding of how other Candida species resist and respond to antifungal challenge within the sessile phenotype, our current understanding of C. auris biofilm-mediated resistance is lacking. In this study, we are the first to perform transcriptomic analysis of temporally developing C. auris biofilms, which were shown to exhibit phase- and antifungal class-dependent resistance profiles. A de novo transcriptome assembly was performed, where sequenced sample reads were assembled into an ~11.5-Mb transcriptome consisting of 5,848 genes. Differential expression (DE) analysis demonstrated that 791 and 464 genes were upregulated in biofilm formation and planktonic cells, respectively, with a minimum 2-fold change. Adhesin-related glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored cell wall genes were upregulated at all time points of biofilm formation. As the biofilm developed into intermediate and mature stages, a number of genes encoding efflux pumps were upregulated, including ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and major facilitator superfamily (MFS) transporters. When we assessed efflux pump activity biochemically, biofilm efflux was greater than that of planktonic cells at 12 and 24 h. When these were inhibited, fluconazole sensitivity was enhanced 4- to 16-fold. This study demonstrates the importance of efflux-mediated resistance within complex C. auris communities and may explain the resistance of C. auris to a range of antimicrobial agents within the hospital environment. IMPORTANCE Fungal infections represent an important cause of human morbidity and mortality, particularly if the fungi adhere to and grow on both biological and inanimate surfaces as communities of cells (biofilms). Recently, a previously unrecognized yeast, Candida auris, has emerged globally that has led to widespread concern due to the difficulty in treating it with existing antifungal agents. Alarmingly, it is also able to grow as a biofilm that is highly resistant to antifungal agents, yet we are unclear about how it does this. Here, we used a molecular approach to investigate the genes that are important in causing the cells to be resistant within the biofilm. The work provides significant insights into the importance of efflux pumps, which actively pump out toxic antifungal drugs and therefore enhance fungal survival within a variety of harsh environments.

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