The Role of the Striatum in Organizing Voluntary Behavior

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Yu. Ivlieva
Keyword(s):  
Voluntary Behavior

scholarly journals The Role of Gastrolites on Feeding Behavior and Digestive Efficiency in the Rufous-Collared Sparrow

The Condor ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 465-469
Author(s):  
M. Victoria LÓpez-Calleja ◽  
Mauricio Soto-Gamboa ◽  
Enrico L. Rezende
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Digestive Efficiency ◽  
Accidental Ingestion ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Zonotrichia Capensis ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Voluntary Behavior

Abstract We examined grit consumption in the facultative granivorous Rufous-collared Sparrow (Zonotrichia capensis). Grit consumption fluctuated seasonally and was significantly correlated with morphological changes in the digestive tract, and with seed size. The highest values of grit consumption and digestive tract mass were observed during winter. Laboratory experiments suggested that grit consumption was a voluntary behavior rather than the result of accidental ingestion, and favored digestibility. Grit consumption varied considerably when Z. capensis fed on different types of food, but remained constant when food availability varied. We suggest that grit consumption together with morphological changes in the digestive tract allow Z. capensis to increase energy acquisition in response to higher energy demands during wintertime.

scholarly journals The Role of YouTube and the Entertainment Industry in Saving Lives by Educating and Mobilizing the Public to Adopt Behaviors for Community Mitigation of COVID-19: Successive Sampling Design Study

10.2196/19145 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. e19145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles E Basch ◽  
Corey H Basch ◽  
Grace C Hillyer ◽  
Christie Jaime
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Design ◽  
Entertainment Industry ◽  
Successive Sampling ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Us ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Community Transmission ◽  
Effective Community ◽  
Voluntary Behavior

Background Effective community mitigation through voluntary behavior change is currently the best way to reduce mortality caused by coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This study builds on our prior study based on the scientific premise that YouTube is one of the most effective ways to communicate and mobilize the public in community mitigation to reduce exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Objective Because of the rapidly changing nature of YouTube in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, we conducted a follow-up study to document how coverage of preventive behaviors for effective community mitigation has changed. Methods A successive sampling design was used to compare coverage of behaviors to mitigate community transmission of COVID-19 in the 100 most widely viewed YouTube videos in January 2020 and March 2020. Results Videos in the January and March samples were viewed >125 million times and >355 million times, respectively. Fewer than half of the videos in either sample covered any of the prevention behaviors recommended by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, but many covered key prevention behaviors and were very widely viewed. There were no videos uploaded by entertainment television in the January sample, but this source comprised the majority of videos and garnered the majority of cumulative views in the March sample. Conclusions This study demonstrates the incredible reach of YouTube and the potential value of partnership with the entertainment industry for communicating and mobilizing the public about community mitigation to reduce mortality from the COVID-19 viral pandemic.

scholarly journals Measuring voluntary and policy-induced social distancing behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (16) ◽  
pp. e2008814118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youpei Yan ◽  
Amyn A. Malik ◽  
Jude Bayham ◽  
Eli P. Fenichel ◽  
Chandra Couzens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Initial Step ◽  
The United States ◽  
Relative Effect ◽  
Smart Device ◽  
Relative Role ◽  
Voluntary Response ◽  
Voluntary Behavior ◽  
The One ◽  
At Home

Staying home and avoiding unnecessary contact is an important part of the effort to contain COVID-19 and limit deaths. Every state in the United States enacted policies to encourage distancing and some mandated staying home. Understanding how these policies interact with individuals’ voluntary responses to the COVID-19 epidemic is a critical initial step in understanding the role of these nonpharmaceutical interventions in transmission dynamics and assessing policy impacts. We use variation in policy responses along with smart device data that measures the amount of time Americans stayed home to disentangle the extent that observed shifts in staying home behavior are induced by policy. We find evidence that stay-at-home orders and voluntary response to locally reported COVID-19 cases and deaths led to behavioral change. For the median county, which implemented a stay-at-home order with about two cases, we find that the response to stay-at-home orders increased time at home as if the county had experienced 29 additional local cases. However, the relative effect of stay-at-home orders was much greater in select counties. On the one hand, the mandate can be viewed as displacing a voluntary response to this rise in cases. On the other hand, policy accelerated the response, which likely helped reduce spread in the early phase of the pandemic. It is important to be able to attribute the relative role of self-interested behavior or policy mandates to understand the limits and opportunities for relying on voluntary behavior as opposed to imposing stay-at-home orders.

scholarly journals The Role of YouTube and the Entertainment Industry in Saving Lives by Educating and Mobilizing the Public to Adopt Behaviors for Community Mitigation of COVID-19: Successive Sampling Design Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles E Basch ◽  
Corey H Basch ◽  
Grace C Hillyer ◽  
Christie Jaime
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Design ◽  
Entertainment Industry ◽  
Successive Sampling ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Us ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Community Transmission ◽  
Effective Community ◽  
Voluntary Behavior

BACKGROUND Effective community mitigation through voluntary behavior change is currently the best way to reduce mortality caused by coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This study builds on our prior study based on the scientific premise that YouTube is one of the most effective ways to communicate and mobilize the public in community mitigation to reduce exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). OBJECTIVE Because of the rapidly changing nature of YouTube in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, we conducted a follow-up study to document how coverage of preventive behaviors for effective community mitigation has changed. METHODS A successive sampling design was used to compare coverage of behaviors to mitigate community transmission of COVID-19 in the 100 most widely viewed YouTube videos in January 2020 and March 2020. RESULTS Videos in the January and March samples were viewed >125 million times and >355 million times, respectively. Fewer than half of the videos in either sample covered any of the prevention behaviors recommended by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, but many covered key prevention behaviors and were very widely viewed. There were no videos uploaded by entertainment television in the January sample, but this source comprised the majority of videos and garnered the majority of cumulative views in the March sample. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the incredible reach of YouTube and the potential value of partnership with the entertainment industry for communicating and mobilizing the public about community mitigation to reduce mortality from the COVID-19 viral pandemic.

Motor Cognition: The Role of Sentience in Perception and Action

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-274
Author(s):  
Ezequiel Morsella ◽  
Anthony G. Velasquez ◽  
Jessica K. Yankulova ◽  
Yanming Li ◽  
Christina Y. Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Special Kind ◽  
Action Selection ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Motor Cognition ◽  
Person Perspective ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Adaptive Action ◽  
Output System ◽  
Voluntary Behavior

The function of the conscious field remains mysterious from a scientific point of view. This article reviews theoretical approaches (passive frame theory and ideomotor approaches) that elucidate how the conscious field is intimately related to a special kind of action selection. This form of action selection is peculiar to the skeletal-muscle output system. The notion of encapsulation and how it explains many properties of the conscious field are discussed, including why the conscious field, though in the service of adaptive action, contains contents that are not action-relevant; why the field has a first-person perspective; and why the field is so thorough, in terms of its contents, the contrasts among contents, and the representation of spatial layout. The authors discuss subordinate encapsulation and the hypothesis that the conscious field is what allows for encapsulated conscious contents to influence action selection collectively, yielding what in everyday life is called voluntary behavior.

Role of dactinomycin in the improved survival of children with Wilms' tumor

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (12) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Fernbach
Keyword(s):  
Wilms Tumor

Role of the allergist in diagnosis and management of patients with uveitis

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Van Metre
Keyword(s):  
Diagnosis And Management

The power of norms to sway fused group members

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnifred R. Louis ◽  
Craig McGarty ◽  
Emma F. Thomas ◽  
Catherine E. Amiot ◽  
Fathali M. Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Anthropology ◽  
Normative Systems ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Identity Fusion ◽  
Group Members

AbstractWhitehouse adapts insights from evolutionary anthropology to interpret extreme self-sacrifice through the concept of identity fusion. The model neglects the role of normative systems in shaping behaviors, especially in relation to violent extremism. In peaceful groups, increasing fusion will actually decrease extremism. Groups collectively appraise threats and opportunities, actively debate action options, and rarely choose violence toward self or others.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

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