scholarly journals Writing about women in ghost stories: subversive representations of ideal femininity in “Nie Xiaoqian” and “Luella Miller”

Neohelicon ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 751-766
Author(s):  
Yi Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Short Story ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ghost Stories ◽  
Nineteenth Century America ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The One ◽  
High Literature ◽  
The Ideal

AbstractOn the one hand, because of the double historical prejudices from literary criticism against ghost stories and women’s writing, little attention has been paid to investigate the ideals of femininity in women’s ghost stories in nineteenth-century America. This article examines “Luella Miller,” a short story by Mary E. Wilkins Freeman, who indirectly but sharply criticized the ideal of femininity in her time by creating an exaggerated example of the cult of feminine fragility. On the other hand, although extensive research has been done on Chinese ghost stories, especially on the ghost heroines in Pu Songling’s Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio, there are few studies comparing the Chinese and the American ones. By comparing “Luella Miller” and Pu’s “Nie Xiaoqian,” this article does not primarily aim to list the similarities and differences between the Chinese and the American ideals of femininity, but to provide fresh insights into how both Freeman and Pu capitalized on the literary possibilities of the supernatural, because only in ghost stories they could write about women in ways impossible in “high literature.”

scholarly journals AN IMPERIAL APOSTLE? ST PAUL, PROTESTANT CONVERSION, AND SOUTH ASIAN CHRISTIANITY

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-130
Author(s):  
SHINJINI DAS
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Reference Point ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
British Imperialism ◽  
Intellectual Engagement ◽  
Imperial Ideology ◽  
The One ◽  
The Ideal

AbstractThis article explores the locally specific (re)construction of a biblical figure, the Apostle St Paul, in India, to unravel the entanglement of religion with British imperial ideology on the one hand, and to understand the dynamics of colonial conversion on the other. Over the nineteenth century, evangelical pamphlets and periodicals heralded St Paul as the ideal missionary, who championed conversion to Christianity but within an imperial context: that of the first-century Roman Mediterranean. Through an examination of missionary discourses, along with a study of Indian (Hindu and Islamic) intellectual engagement with Christianity including Bengali convert narratives, this article studies St Paul as a reference point for understanding the contours of ‘vernacular Christianity’ in nineteenth-century India. Drawing upon colonial Christian publications mainly from Bengal, the article focuses on the multiple reconfigurations of Paul: as a crucial mascot of Anglican Protestantism, as a justification of British imperialism, as an ideological resource for anti-imperial sentiments, and as a theological inspiration for Hindu reform and revivalist organization.

Afterword

Poetics Today ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-150
Author(s):  
Andrea Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lewis Carroll ◽  
Theoretical Knowledge ◽  
James Clerk Maxwell ◽  
The One ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Zero Sum

This essay reminds readers of the nineteenth-century origins of the disciplinary divide between scientific, formal-theoretical knowledge on the one hand and particularizing, creaturely knowledge on the other, arguing that we literary critics have tended to reify this divide even when we have sought to be more “scientific” in our methods. Logic falls on the far side of this divide; because we typically regard it as a consummately scientific and formalized practice, we presume that it is antithetical to our own. The essays in this collection amply demonstrate that this is not the case, and that logic can and has been set in a productive dialogue with both literature and literary criticism. Indeed, during the nineteenth century itself, disciplinary and methodological distinctions, although under construction, had not yet calcified, and so prompted self-conscious explorations of method rather than dictating its norms. Citing the extraordinary methodological flexibility of Victorian scientists and writers Lewis Carroll and James Clerk Maxwell, this essay reminds us that our relation to science and theoretical abstraction need not be a zero-sum game.

scholarly journals Tragic Victims of Mania a Potu (“Madness from Drink”): A Study of Literary Nineteenth-Century Female Drunkards

Text Matters ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 299-318
Author(s):  
Irina Rabinovich
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Climate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
High Class ◽  
The Public ◽  
Nineteenth Century America ◽  
Female Writers ◽  
The One ◽  
Dangerous Behaviors

Temperance literature, though widely popular in America and Britain between 1830–80, lost its allure in the decades that followed. In spite of its didactic and moralistic nature, the public eagerly consumed temperance novels, thus reciprocating contemporaneous writers’ efforts to promote social ideals and mend social ills. The main aim of this paper is to redress the critical neglect that the temperance prose written by women about women has endured by looking at three literary works—two novellas and one confessional novelette—written by mid-nineteenth-century American female writers. These works serve as a prism through which the authors present generally “tabooed” afflictions such as inebriation among high-class women and society’s role in perpetuating such behaviors. The essay examines the conflicting forces underlying such representations and offers an inquiry into the restrictive and hostile social climate in mid-nineteenth-century America and the lack of medical attention given to alcohol addicts as the possible causes that might have prompted women’s dangerous behaviors, including inebriation. This paper also demonstrates the cautious approach that nineteenth-century female writers had to take when dealing with prevalent social ills, such as bigotry, hypocrisy and disdain directed at female drunkards. It shows how these writers, often sneered at or belittled by critics and editors, had to maneuver very carefully between the contending forces of openly critiquing social mores, on the one hand, and not being censored, on the other.

Herman Melville’s Politics of Imperialism: Colonizing and De-Colonizing Spaces of Ethnicity

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel A. Blumenthal
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Native American ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Critique ◽  
Social Harmony ◽  
Nineteenth Century America ◽  
White American ◽  
Anthropological Study ◽  
Political Relationship ◽  
The One

There is, in Herman Melville’s works, a constant struggle to situate the narrative within the context of a racial and ethnic “Other.” Melville’s narrators—almost invariably white, Euro-American males—appear at times in tense opposition to, and at other times in social harmony with, the African, Native American, Polynesian, and Oriental presences in his texts. In essence, Melville situates these non-white characters against the dominantly-raced narrator as racial “Others.” This ethnic “othering” entails a dangerous politics of racial separation, hierarchizing, and colonization, yet simultaneously allows for and even encourages a social critique of nineteenth-century white American imperialist attitudes toward non-white peoples. Indeed, this is what makes Melville such a difficult figure to decipher both literarily and historically. By marking these races as alien and “other,” indeed by striving to “mark” them at all, Melville at once conducts a constructive anthropological study as well as sets the destructive foundation for a race-driven, American imperialist project aimed at alienated and “othered” races. Indeed, Melville constructs for his readership a difficult paradox; his texts on the one hand call for white intervention and colonization of ethnic and racial spaces, and on the other, they illuminate the counter-productivity of such colonization. What, then, was Melville’s relationship to the ongoing imperialist project of nineteenth-century America? To reach an answer to this question we will examine Melville’s political relationship to two Pacific Ocean land groups (the Marquesan Islands and the Sandwich Islands), establish a pattern to his paradoxical imperialist and anti-imperialist philosophies, and finally, construct a model of his international, inter-ethnic political philosophy.

PRAGMATIC, LINGUAL CULTURAL SENSES AND ETHNIC SYMBOLS IN ARTISTIC TRANSLATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (32) ◽  
pp. 130-148
Author(s):  
Oleh Tyshchenko
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Narrative Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Grammatical Structure ◽  
Expressive Speech ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
English Translations ◽  
The One ◽  
The Master And Margarita

The article considers performative speech acts (expressives, commissives, wishes, curses, threats, warnings, etc.) and generally exclamatory phraseology in the original and translation in terms of the function of the addressee, the specifics of the communicative situation, the symbolism and pragmatics of the cultural text. Through cultural and semiotic reconstruction of these units, their semantic and grammatical structure and features of motivation in several linguistic cultures were clarified. Collectively, these verbal acts, on the one hand, mark the semiotic structure of the narrative structure of the text, and on the other hand, indicate the idiostyle of a particular author or characterize the speech of the characters and the associated range of emotions (curses, invectives, cries of indignation, dissatisfaction, etc.). Several translated versions of M. Bulgakov’s novel «The Master and Margarita» (in Ukrainian, Polish, Slovak and English) and English translations of M. Kotsyubynsky’s novel «Fata Morgana» and Dovzhenko’s short story «Enchanted Desna» constitute the material for the study. The obtained results are essential for elucidating the specifics of the national conceptual sphere of a certain culture and revealing the types of inter lingual equivalents, idiomatic analogues in the transmission of common ethno-cultural content. This approach can be useful for a new understanding of domestication and adaptation in translation, translation of culturally marked units, onyms, mythological concepts, etc. as a specific translation practices. There was further developed the theory of phatic and performative-expressive speech acts in lingual cultural comprehension.

The Application of Traditional Rules of Purity (Qinggui) in Contemporary Taiwanese Monasteries

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-277
Author(s):  
Tzu-Lung Chiu
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
The One ◽  
The Ideal

Vinaya rules embody the ideal of how Buddhists should regulate their daily lives, and monastics are required to observe them, despite the fact that they were compiled nearly 2,500 years ago in India: a context dramatically different not only from Chinese Buddhism's present monastic conditions, but from its historical conditions. Against this backdrop, rules of purity (qinggui) were gradually formulated by Chinese masters in medieval times to supplement and adapt vinaya rules to China's cultural ethos and to specific local Chinese contexts. This study explores how the traditional qinggui are applied by the Buddhist sa?gha in present-day Taiwan, and contrasts modern monastics' opinions on these rules and their relation to early Buddhist vinaya, on the one hand, against classical Chan literature (such as Chanyuan qinggui) and the Buddhist canon (such as Dharmaguptakavinaya), on the other. This comparison fills a notable gap in the existing literature.

scholarly journals Guardianship and Parental Connections: Connections and Departures in Jeremy Bentham’s Account

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian E Cox
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
The Other ◽  
Previous Article ◽  
Dual Roles ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Special Relations ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Personal Perspectives ◽  
The One

This article follows an earlier assessment of Bentham’s views on guardianship 1 that touched on but did not explore connections or departures between guardian-ward and parent-offspring relations, about which Bentham was not as precise as he might have been. Further, he added complexity to the issue by describing parents as occupying dual roles: guardians and ‘masters’ (employers) of their own offspring. These relations are now considered, on the one hand, in the wider context of ‘special relations’ and ‘duties’ and, on the other hand, alongside some appreciation of Bentham’s personal perspectives. However, the main object of the present article is to assess similarities and differences between parents and guardians in legal, status and functional terms. It uses the profile of guardian-ward relations provided by the previous article 2 as a benchmark. The article concludes by affirming that ‘being a parent’ and ‘being a guardian’ have quite different meanings.

scholarly journals Similarities and differences in the methods used for investigation of corruption-related official crimes and crimes against the person difference for their disclosure are indicated.

2021 ◽  
pp. 101-114
Author(s):  
В.В. Крюков ◽  
О.В. Шлегель
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The One

В статье рассматриваются методики в расследовании уголовных дел, касающихся должностных преступлений коррупционной направленности и преступлений против личности, совершаемых по мотиву национальной ненависти или вражды. Выявлены и предлагаются к обсуждению как общие аспекты, способствующие раскрытию вышеуказанных категорий преступлений с одной стороны, так и особенности, связанные с их спецификой – с другой стороны. Также авторами предложены новые методологические особенности для раскрытия и расследования указанных категорий дел, помогающие предварительному следствию успешно справляться с поставленными задачами. The article discusses the methods of scientists in the investigation of criminal cases concerning official crimes of corruption and crimes against the person committed on the basis of national hatred or enmity. Scientists have identified common aspects that help in the disclosure of both categories of crimes on the one hand, and on the other hand, in accordance with their specifics, the features of the

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