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2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 925-930
Author(s):  
Baiq Nurullayali ◽  
Sartika Sartika ◽  
Supriadin Supriadin

This research aims to identify the way of polite language used by Sasak people in Central Lombok. In this research, qualitative descriptive method was employed in analyzing the data. There were three participants that consist of Sasak native speaker from two villages such as Beraim and Dakung village. The data were collected through three techniques that are, observation, interview and documentation. The Results of this research showed that firstly, Sasak language has three levels of polite utterances used by Sasak people such as most polite (Base Alus Utami), more polite (Base Alus Madya), and polite (Base Sasak Biase). When kingdom was exist, Base Alus Utami only used by Perwangse, who was the king or people with high class level in Lombok Island and marked by Raden/Datu, and Dende at the first name. But, when they interacted with the lower class, they used biase language while the lower class of people must use Base Utami then, Base Alus Madya only used by people with the second level in society Baiq and Lalu at the first name, and Base Sasak Biase used by people with the lower class, called Jajar Karang. Secondly, the next generation in Sasak today do not really cosidere the rules when they using the polite language as people used in the past. It can be seen when they are communicating each other. They cannot able to speak with Base Alus Utami even speak with the older people. Only some of old people are still maintenance this language and teach their children but it is so rarely.


Text Matters ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 299-318
Author(s):  
Irina Rabinovich

Temperance literature, though widely popular in America and Britain between 1830–80, lost its allure in the decades that followed. In spite of its didactic and moralistic nature, the public eagerly consumed temperance novels, thus reciprocating contemporaneous writers’ efforts to promote social ideals and mend social ills. The main aim of this paper is to redress the critical neglect that the temperance prose written by women about women has endured by looking at three literary works—two novellas and one confessional novelette—written by mid-nineteenth-century American female writers. These works serve as a prism through which the authors present generally “tabooed” afflictions such as inebriation among high-class women and society’s role in perpetuating such behaviors. The essay examines the conflicting forces underlying such representations and offers an inquiry into the restrictive and hostile social climate in mid-nineteenth-century America and the lack of medical attention given to alcohol addicts as the possible causes that might have prompted women’s dangerous behaviors, including inebriation. This paper also demonstrates the cautious approach that nineteenth-century female writers had to take when dealing with prevalent social ills, such as bigotry, hypocrisy and disdain directed at female drunkards. It shows how these writers, often sneered at or belittled by critics and editors, had to maneuver very carefully between the contending forces of openly critiquing social mores, on the one hand, and not being censored, on the other.


2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Maleke M. Kondemo

The Old Testament world clearly subjected the woman to the will and protection of her husband, but she was also celebrated for performing important roles as wife and mother. Although some of its texts may be considered oppressive in certain ways, the Bible also contains positive examples of liberation stories for women to emulate. The Bible contains stories which may be read to promote the rights of women to be what God wants them to be, a right which needs to be reclaimed. Informed by David Adamo's African biblical hermeneutical reading that encourages the appropriation of the Bible by African women and men by reconsidering ancient biblical traditions and African life experiences with the purpose of finding biblical role models, this essay reads the Bible from the point of view of the marginalised and oppressed in order to draw out a liberation message. In this article, I examine the characters of Esther and Vashti in the book of Esther as they navigate a patriarchal context in light of Mongo women's experiences. Though Esther and Vashti operated on a high-class level, both women can serve as role models to Mongo women. The strategies used by the two queens can also be combined to affirm Mongo women and help them to conceive new identities and roles.


Author(s):  
Martin Lier ◽  
Stefan Nessler ◽  
Christine Stadelmann ◽  
Meike Pressler ◽  
Leif Saager ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly contagious airborne virus inducing pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This is most relevant for medical staff working under harmful conditions in emergencies often dealing with patients and an undefined SARS-CoV-2 status. We aimed to measure the effect of high-class filtering facepieces (FFP) in emergency medical service (EMS) staff by analyzing seroprevalence and history of positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for SARS-CoV-2. Method This observational cohort study included workers in EMS, who were compared with hospital staff (HS) and staff, which was not directly involved in patient care (NPC). All direct patient contacts of EMS workers were protected by FFP2/N95 (filtering face piece protection class 2/non-oil-based particulates filter efficiency 95%) masks, whereas HS was protected by FFP2/N95 exclusively when a patient had a proven or suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection. NPC was not protected by higher FFP. The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was analyzed by immunoassay by end of 12/2020 together with the history of a positive PCR. In addition, a self-assessment was performed regarding the quantity of SARS-CoV-2 positive contacts, about flu symptoms and personal belief of previous COVID-19 infections. Results The period in which contact to SARS-CoV-2 positive patients has been possible was 10 months (March to December 2020)—with 54,681 patient contacts documented for EMS—either emergencies (n = 33,241) or transportation services (n = 21,440). Seven hundred-thirty (n = 730) participants were included into the study (n = EMS: 325, HS: 322 and NPC: 83). The analysis of the survey showed that the exposure to patients with an unknown and consecutive positive SARS-CoV-2 result was significantly higher for EMS when compared to HS (EMS 55% vs. HS 30%, p = 0.01). The incidence of a SARS-CoV-2 infection in our cohort was 1.2% (EMS), 2.2% (HS) and 2.4% (NPC) within the three groups (ns) and lowest in EMS. Furthermore, the belief of previous COVID-19 was significant higher in EMS (19% vs. 10%), Conclusion The consistent use of FFP2/N95 in EMS is able to prevent work-related SARS-CoV-2 infections in emergency situations. The significance of physical airway protection in exposed medical staff is still relevant especially under the aspect of new viral variants and unclear effectiveness of new vaccines. Graphical Abstract


Urban Studies ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 004209802110465
Author(s):  
Irene Bronsvoort ◽  
Justus L Uitermark

As digital platforms are woven into urban life, they become an intrinsic part of the urban experience. Here we examine how representations on digital platforms reflect and shape urban change. Which groups produce and share these representations? What places do they picture? What are their aesthetic registers and norms? And what are the material consequences of these representations? Elaborating on the concept of ‘discursive investing’ introduced by Zukin et al., we address these questions in a case study of Javastraat, a shopping street in a gentrifying neighbourhood in Amsterdam East. On the basis of an analysis of Instagram posts, street observations and interviews, we show that gentrifiers use social media to express their identity status, often creating posts that serve as advertisements for hip and high-class establishments. Meanwhile, other establishments are largely absent from digital platforms, with the notable exception of a number of shops that changed their aesthetics to appeal to gentrifiers. We further show that these uneven representations have material consequences, changing the aesthetics and composition of the shopping street.


Prosodi ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-127
Author(s):  
Aisyah Dewi Suciati ◽  
Siti Hanifa

The aims of this study are to identify the social issues which are being satirized in Emma Healey’s Whistle in The Dark and and explicate Healey’s ways in satirizing the social issues in Whistle in The Dark. The writer applies the theory of satire in order to analyze social issues in the novel.This study applied qualitative research because the writer interpreted the novel in order to answer the research questions. The data are the narrator’s narration and characters’ utterances in the novel which are taken through scanning and skimming reading technique. The data analysis was done by classifying the narrations and utterances into the types of satire, discussing the findings, and concluding.The results of this study revealed that there are several social issues in the novel that are being satirized by Emma Healey, they are; environmental racism, mother-daughter relationship, queer issue, society’s fairytale, religious issue, technology in society, high-class society, society’s judgement, work and occupation, cyber pornography, sexual behaviour, people’s dissatisfaction, people’s anxiety, women’s insecurity, and teenager’s mental illness. The most used satire in the novel is Narrative.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geovanne O. Alves ◽  
Jorge C. B. Fonsêca ◽  
Alexandre M. A. Maciel

The amount of sales in a store is a strong indicator that contributes to managers' decision making. In physical retail, unlike e-commerce, it is more difficult to collect sales and customer behavior metrics because it depends on great sensing and integration between systems. In a shopping mall scenario, we use real WiFi data, People Flow and Sales create a dataset. In this article we propose an evaluation of machine learning models with the objective of estimating the next hour sales in Low, Medium and High, thus providing a tool to assist in decision making. We use the PyCaret library to perform the training of the 13 compared algorithms. The F1-score metric was used to evaluate the models. The Gradient Booster Classifier was the model that got the best result with a score of 84.75%. Among the estimated classes, the High class showed the greatest error in the confusion matrix, reaching 60%, possibly a reflection of the low amount of records in the high class.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (59) ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
Przemysław Mitkowski

Cardiac pacing since the 50th of the last century is the standard of care for patients with bradycardia. The aims of this therapy have changed over the decades from a life-saving option to achieve the most physiologic “prosthesis” of the conduction system in patients with atrioventricular blocks and improve depolarization sequence in those with heart failure and intraventricular conduction abnormalities. In the last years, direct conduction system pacing methods are developing very quickly. His bundle pacing, direct left bundle branch pacing with its modifications were introduced into clinical practice. Lack of big, randomized trials and technical aspects of these new modes of pacing caused that these methods haven’t achieved a high class of recommendation in recently published guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology.


Author(s):  
Hanadi Za'al Hindawi Hanadi Za'al Hindawi

This research paper aimed at presenting the traces of Altanokhy's book (Relief after severity) from a historic, political, social and economic perspectives and methodology. upon which the author relied on texts, also, based on artistic and literary elements which reflect the political era and the characteristics of AlTanokhy's personality. The research paper deals elaborately and redundantly with the topic of slave-women. from the perspective of Altanokhy in his book "Relief after Severity". Almost all nations had the knowledge of possessing women as slaves, and this wasn't restricted only to caliphs but also by their followers, the luxurious, high -class princes and their people. Hence palaces were full of slave-women. Altanokhy,in his book, had mentioned the prices of these women and the trade of them by the merchants of slaves ,also he mentioned the places of them, which were called (homes of slaves and maids. ) The role of slave-women. was not only restricted to singing, but it exceeded to excelling in different branches of science, The Holy Qura'an , literature and poetry ,besides other household chores and serving palaces or houses including cutting wood and carrying water. Furthermore, these women had a great influence on caliphs, ministers and the public.


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