Calculating groundwater mixing ratios in groundwater-inrushing aquifers based on environmental stable isotopes (D, 18O) and hydrogeochemistry

2013 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 937-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luwang Chen ◽  
Xiaoxi Yin ◽  
Wenpin Xie ◽  
Xiaoqing Feng
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Groundwater Mixing

Estimating groundwater mixing ratios and their uncertainties using a statistical multi parameter approach

2005 ◽  
Vol 305 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joerg Rueedi ◽  
Roland Purtschert ◽  
Urs Beyerle ◽  
Carmen Alberich ◽  
Rolf Kipfer
Keyword(s):  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Groundwater Mixing ◽  
Parameter Approach

Untangling transient groundwater mixing and travel times with noble gas time series and numerical modeling

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea L. Popp ◽  
Álvaro Pardo-Álvarez ◽  
Oliver S. Schilling ◽  
Stéphanie Musy ◽  
Andreas Scheidegger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Noble Gas ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Travel Times ◽  
Groundwater Pumping ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Groundwater Mixing

<p class="western"><span lang="en-US">The quality and quantity of alluvial groundwater in mountainous areas are particularly susceptible to the effects of climate change, as well as increasing pollution from agriculture and urbanization. Understanding mixing between surface water and groundwater as well as groundwater travel times in such systems is thus crucial to sustain a safe and sufficient water supply. We used a novel combination of real-time, in-situ noble gas analysis to quantify groundwater mixing of recently infiltrated river water (<em>F<sub>rw</sub></em><!-- Please note that everything in “$$” will look differently once submitted -->) and regional groundwater, as well as travel times of <em>F<sub>rw</sub></em> during a two-month groundwater pumping test carried out at a drinking water wellfield in a prealpine valley in Switzerland. Transient groundwater mixing ratios were calculated using helium-4 concentrations combined with a Bayesian end-member mixing model. Having identified the groundwater fraction of <em>F<sub>rw</sub></em> consequently allowed us to infer the travel times from the stream to the wellfield, estimated based on radon-222 activities of <em>F<sub>rw</sub></em>. Additionally, we compared and validated our tracer-based estimates of <em>F<sub>rw</sub></em> using a calibrated surface water-groundwater model. Our findings show that (i) mean travel times of <em>F<sub>rw</sub></em> are in the order of two weeks, (ii) during most of the experiment, <em>F<sub>rw</sub></em> is substantially high (~70\%), and (iii) increased groundwater pumping only has a marginal effect on groundwater mixing ratios and travel times. The high fraction of <em>F<sub>rw</sub></em> in the abstracted groundwater and its short travel times emphasize the vulnerability of mountainous regions to present and predicted environmental changes.</span></p>

Hydrochemical variation during groundwater mixing: a case study with multivariate statistical approach

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 399-408
Author(s):  
Linhua Sun
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Mass Balance Calculation ◽  
Hydraulic Connection ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Groundwater Mixing ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Approach ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Mixed Samples

Identification of groundwater mixing and calculation of the mixing ratios between aquifers are important work for hydrological studies and safety of coal mining. In this study, multivariate statistical methods including factor and cluster analysis have been presented for identification of groundwater mixing status in the Renlou coal mine, northern Anhui Province, China. The methods include three steps: identification of hydraulic connection between aquifers by using factor score plots in combination with Q-mode cluster analysis, selection of end members and mass balance calculation for revealing mixing ratios. The hydraulic connection between loose layer and limestone aquifers have been identified in the Renlou coal mine, and three representative end member water samples, as well as mixed samples have been identified. Moreover, the mixing ratios for mixed samples are also calculated. The results indicate that the methods can be used for identification of mixing and quantification of mixing ratios in groundwater systems.

scholarly journals Continuous observation of Stable Isotopes of Water Vapor in Atmosphere Using High-Resolution FTIR

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-Gong Shan ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Cheng Liu ◽  
You-Wen Sun ◽  
Yuan Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Back Trajectories ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Keeling Plot ◽  
Stable Isotopes Of Water ◽  
Observation Period ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract. Observations of stable isotopes of water vapor provide important information for water cycle. The volume mixing ratios (VMR) of H2O (XH2O) and HDO (XHDO) have been retrieved based on a high-resolution ground-based Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) at Hefei site, and the isotopic composition δD was calculated. Time series of XH2O were compared with the Greenhouse gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) data, showing a good agreement. The daily averaged δD ranges from −17.02 ‰ to −282.3 ‰ between September 2015 and September 2016. Also, the relationships of meteorological parameters with stable isotopologue were analyzed. δD values showed an obvious positive correlation with temperature and ln(XH2O) and a weak correlation with relative humidity. Further, 51.35 % of airmass at Hefei site comes from the southeast of China, and the main potential sources of δD are in the east of China over the observation period based on the back trajectories model. Furthermore, the δD values of evapotranspiration were calculated based on Keeling plot. Observations of the stable isotopes of water vapor by high-resolution ground-based FTIR provide information on study of the variation of the atmospheric water vapor at Hefei site.

scholarly journals A new CF-IRMS system for quantifying stable isotopes of carbon monoxide from ice cores and small air samples

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 1307-1317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Wang ◽  
J. E. Mak
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Vacuum Extraction ◽  
Air Samples ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Core Samples

Abstract. We present a new analysis technique for stable isotope ratios (δ13C and δ18O) of atmospheric carbon monoxide (CO) from ice core samples. The technique is an online cryogenic vacuum extraction followed by continuous-flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry (CF-IRMS); it can also be used with small air samples. The CO extraction system includes two multi-loop cryogenic cleanup traps, a chemical oxidant for oxidation to CO2, a cryogenic collection trap, a cryofocusing unit, gas chromatography purification, and subsequent injection into a Finnigan Delta Plus IRMS. Analytical precision of 0.2‰ (±1δ) for δ13C and 0.6‰ (±1δ) for δ18O can be obtained for 100 mL (STP) air samples with CO mixing ratios ranging from 60 ppbv to 140 ppbv (~268–625 pmol CO). Six South Pole ice core samples from depths ranging from 133 m to 177 m were processed for CO isotope analysis after wet extraction. To our knowledge, this is the first measurement of stable isotopes of CO in ice core air.

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