Effects of Precursors and Plasma Parameters on Fullerene Synthesis in RF Thermal Plasma Reactor

In this work, the results of an optical emission study of fullerene synthesis in an inductively coupled radio frequency thermal plasma reactor are presented. The emission spectroscopy studies, based on the use of the Swan C2 (0,1) and CN (0,0) vibration emission spectra, were carried out to determine the plasma temperature. The evaporation process of graphite powder was observed by scanning electron microscopy.

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Modeling and Selection of RF Thermal Plasma Hot-Wall Torch for Large-Scale Production of Nanopowders

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma12132141 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (13) ◽

pp. 2141 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Liuyang Bai ◽

Jiaping He ◽

Yuge Ouyang ◽

Wenfu Liu ◽

Huichao Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thermal Plasma ◽

Axial Velocity ◽

Large Scale ◽

Plasma Reactor ◽

Scale Production ◽

Plasma Flame ◽

Feeding Style ◽

Plasma Torches ◽

Large Scale Production ◽

Rf Thermal Plasma

Fouling is a great problem that significantly affects the continuous operation for large-scale radio-frequency (RF) thermal plasma synthesizing nanopowders. In order to eliminate or weaken the phenomenon, numerical simulations based on FLUENT software were founded to investigate the effect of operation parameters, including feeding style of central gas and sheath gas, on plasma torches. It is shown that the tangential feeding style of central gas brings serious negative axial velocity regions, which always forces the synthesized nanopowders to “back-mix”, and further leads to the fouling of the quartz tube. Moreover, it is shown that sheath gas should be tangentially fed into the plasma reactor to further eliminate the gas stream’s back-mixing. However, when this feeding style is applied, although the negative axial velocity region is decreased, the plasma gas and kinetic energy of the vapor phase near the wall of the plasma reactor are less and lower, respectively; as a result, that plasma flame is more difficult to be arced. A new plasma arcing method by way of feeding gun instead of torch wall was proposed and put in use. The fouling problem has been well solved and plasma arcing is well ensured, and as a result, the experiment on large-scale production of nanopowders can be carried out for 8 h without any interruption, and synthesized Si and Al2O3 nanopowders exhibit good dispersion and sphericity.

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Efficient synthesis of fullerenes in RF thermal plasma reactor

Chemical Physics Letters ◽

10.1016/s0009-2614(03)01320-4 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 378 (3-4) ◽

pp. 434-439 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

B. Todorovic-Marković ◽

Z. Marković ◽

I. Mohai ◽

Z. Károly ◽

L. Gál ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thermal Plasma ◽

Plasma Reactor ◽

Efficient Synthesis ◽

Rf Thermal Plasma

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Simulation and experimental observation of silicon particles' vaporization in RF thermal plasma reactor for preparing Si nano-powder

Powder Technology ◽

10.1016/j.powtec.2017.02.062 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 313 ◽

pp. 27-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Jiaping He ◽

Liuyang Bai ◽

Huacheng Jin ◽

Zhiyuan Jia ◽

Guolin Hou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Observation ◽

Thermal Plasma ◽

Plasma Reactor ◽

Nano Powder ◽

Rf Thermal Plasma ◽

Silicon Particles

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Deposition of YBa2Cu3O7-x thick films using an RF thermal plasma reactor

Chemical Engineering Science ◽

10.1016/0009-2509(90)80129-3 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 45 (8) ◽

pp. 2461-2465 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

H. Zhu ◽

Y.C. Lau ◽

E. Pfender

Keyword(s):

Thermal Plasma ◽

Plasma Reactor ◽

Thick Films ◽

Rf Thermal Plasma

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New In-Situ Sampling and Analysis of the Production of CeO2 Powders from Liquid Precursors in a rf Thermal Plasma Reactor. Part 2: Analysis of CeO2 Powders, Fuel Addition, and Image Analysis

Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing ◽

10.1007/s11090-007-9106-y ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 761-788

Author(s):

Ian A. Castillo ◽

Richard J. Munz

Keyword(s):

Image Analysis ◽

Thermal Plasma ◽

Plasma Reactor ◽

Liquid Precursors ◽

Rf Thermal Plasma

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Influence of Carbon Concentration and Rotational Temperature on Fullerene Yield in RF Reactor

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.518.211 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 518 ◽

pp. 211-216

Author(s):

B. Todorović-Marković ◽

Z. Marković ◽

I. Mohai ◽

Z.M. Nikolić ◽

Z. Farkas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Concentration ◽

Thermal Plasma ◽

Plasma Torch ◽

Rotational Temperature ◽

Plasma Reactor ◽

Paper Report ◽

Plasma Flame ◽

Fullerene Formation ◽

Rf Thermal Plasma ◽

Different Parts

In this paper, report on fullerene formation in a radio-frequency (RF) thermal plasma reactor has been presented. In order to determine the degree of evaporation of the graphite precursor used, analysis of SEM micrographs of deposited soot in different parts of RF reactor has been made. It was found that the degree of graphite evaporation and fullerene yield varied depending on the distance from the plasma torch nozzle. Carbon concentration and rotational temperature of C2 radicals in plasma flame have been calculated as well. The concentration of C2 radicals in plasma flame, which participated in fullerene formation, was in the range of (1.75-3.88)×1020 m-3.

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Influence of the precursor on fullerene synthesis in a RF thermal plasma reactor

Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly ◽

10.2298/ciceq0604246m ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 246-250

Author(s):

Zoran Markovic ◽

Biljana Todorovic-Markovic ◽

Ilona Mohai ◽

Zoran Nikolic ◽

Zsuzsana Farkas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Thermal Plasma ◽

Atmospheric Pressure ◽

Powder Processing ◽

Plasma Reactor ◽

Graphite Powder ◽

Mean Particle Size ◽

Pure Graphite ◽

Rf Thermal Plasma ◽

The Mean

Several graphite powders and mixtures (4827 Asbury Mills, KS4 and KS6 Timcal flake Alfa Aesar, graphite Aldrich, mixture of iron and KS4 powder) having different mean particle size were processed in a RF thermal plasma reactor at atmospheric pressure. It was found that the mean particle size of the precursors has an important, but not exclusive effect on the evaporation efficiency. The micro-structural orderliness of the precursors, which determines their thermal conductivity, is another important property that should be considered in the interpretation of the observed phenomena. In this study a mixture of iron and KS4 graphite proved to be the best precursor of fullerene synthesis. The maximum fullerene yield was 18.4%, which was higher compared to pure graphite powder processing in a RF reactor without the presence of iron.

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