The Formation of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Bacterial Communities During Garlic Powder Processing

Chinese garlic powder (GP) is exported to all countries in the world, but the excess of microorganisms is a serious problem that affects export. The number of microorganisms has a serious impact on the pricing of GP. It is very important to detect and control the microorganism in GP. The purpose of this study was to investigate the contamination and drug resistance of microorganisms during the processing of GP. We used metagenomics and Illumina sequencing to study the composition and dynamic distribution of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), but also the microbial community in three kinds of garlic products from factory processing. The results showed that a total of 126 ARG genes were detected in all the samples, which belonged to 11 ARG species. With the processing of GP, the expression of ARGs showed a trend to increase at first and then to decrease. Network analysis was used to study the co-occurrence patterns among ARG subtypes and bacterial communities and ARGs.

Experimental investigation on powder processing and its flow properties of AlSi10Mg alloy with niobium carbide for additive manufacturing

In this study, aluminium-silicon alloy AlSi10Mg powder of spherical morphology was mixed with niobium carbide powder had irregular morphology in weight percentages of 2, 4, 6 and 8 and processed in a planetary ball mill apparatus. The optimal conditions for powder processing were a mixing time of 1.95 h and a speed of 71 RPM without milling balls. The use of milling balls was avoided to maintain the morphology of AlSi10Mg from degradation and improve the flowability of composite powder. To evaluate the flowability of processed powders, flow properties such as apparent density, tapped density, Hausner’s ratio, Carr index, static angle of repose and Hall flow rate were determined. Selective laser melting was used to fabricate AlSi10Mg composite specimens with varying percentages of niobium carbide. Finally, at 6% niobium carbide, the selective laser melting cube specimen had a maximum relative density of 99.21%.

The Design of a Tomato Powder Processing Plant with a Capacity of 75,000 Tonnes Per Annum in Oyo State, Nigeria, West Africa

This project designed a plant that will process 250 tonnes of raw tomatoes per day. The duration of this production was spread across 24 hours and operated for 300 days in a year, which gave a yield of 17.5 tons of tomato powder per day. From these specifications, the best process route was synthesized. The process route selected involved choosing and sorting the tomatoes, washing, blanching, blending, spray drying (as the drying process), packaging and labeling. Through a series of investigations, the most feasible way to dry tomato powder on an industrial scale proved to be the spray-drying method because the process was very rapid, required low labor cost, and was relatively simple to operate and sustain. The particle size was also easy to control with this technology, making it easy to correlate with product standards. The equipment to be used was then identified which included the machine vision, a spray washer, a water Blancher, an industrial blender, a spray dryer, and a powder packaging machine. Material and energy balance were evaluated around the whole plant. A process flow diagram and basic piping and instrumentation diagram were also computed using engineering software such as Microsoft Visio. From the previous work done, the selected process unit, the spray dryer, was designed with a detailed piping and instrumentation diagram made around it. The site of the plant was resolved, adjacent oriental foods along the Lagos-Ibadan Expressway. It was necessary to site the plant in an area where raw materials can easily be delivered to. The area selected was directly linked to a major highway, the Lagos-Ibadan Expressway, thereby making transport quite affordable. The site layout alongside the plant layout was constructed. The layouts clearly showed the standard flow process.