Reservoir Based Fentanyl Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems: Effect of Patch Age on Drug Release and Skin Permeation

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1344-1352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suneela Prodduturi ◽  
Glen J. Smith ◽  
Anna M. Wokovich ◽  
William H. Doub ◽  
Benjamin J. Westenberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Skin Permeation ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems

scholarly journals Predicting transdermal fentanyl delivery using mechanistic simulations for tailored therapy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thijs Defraeye ◽  
Flora Bahrami ◽  
Lu Ding ◽  
Riccardo Innocenti Malini ◽  
Alexandre Terrier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Drug Uptake ◽  
Transdermal Fentanyl ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Drug Flux

Transdermal drug delivery is a key technology for administering drugs. However, most devices are “one-size-fits-all”, even though drug diffusion through the skin varies significantly from person-to-person. For next-generation devices, personalization for optimal drug release would benefit from an augmented insight into the drug release and percutaneous uptake kinetics. Our objective was to quantify the changes in transdermal fentanyl uptake with regards to the patient’s age and the anatomical location where the patch was placed. We also explored to which extent the drug flux from the patch could be altered by miniaturizing the contact surface area of the patch reservoir with the skin. To this end, we used validated mechanistic modeling of fentanyl diffusion, storage, and partitioning in the epidermis to quantify drug release from the patch and the uptake within the skin. A superior spatiotemporal resolution compared to experimental methods enabled in-silico identification of peak concentrations and fluxes, and the amount of stored drug and bioavailability. The patients’ drug uptake showed a 36% difference between different anatomical locations after 72 h, but there was a strong interpatient variability. With aging, the drug uptake from the transdermal patch became slower and less potent. A 70-year-old patient received 26% less drug over the 72-h application period, compared to an 18-year-old patient. Additionally, a novel concept of using micron-sized drug reservoirs was explored in silico. These reservoirs induced a much higher local flux (µg cm-2 h-1) than conventional patches. Up to a 200-fold increase in the drug flux was obtained from these small reservoirs. This effect was mainly caused by transverse diffusion in the stratum corneum, which is not relevant for much larger conventional patches. These micron-sized drug reservoirs open new ways to individualize reservoir design and thus transdermal therapy. Such computer-aided engineering tools also have great potential for in-silico design and precise control of drug delivery systems. Here, the validated mechanistic models can serve as a key building block for developing digital twins for transdermal drug delivery systems.

scholarly journals A New Drug Release Method in Early Development of Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Cai ◽  
Karin Söderkvist ◽  
Håkan Engqvist ◽  
Susanne Bredenberg
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
New Method ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems

In vitro drug release tests are a widely used tool to measure the variance between transdermal product performances and required by many authorities. However, the result cannot provide a good estimation of the in vivo drug release. In the present work, a new method for measuring drug release from patches has been explored and compared with the conventional USP apparatus 2 and 5 methods. Durogesic patches, here used as a model patch, were placed on synthetic skin simulator and three moisture levels (29, 57, 198 μL cm−2) were evaluated. The synthetic skin simulators were collected after 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 24 hours and extracted with pH 1.0 hydrochloric acid solution. The drug concentrations in the extractions were measured by isocratic reverse phase high-pressure liquid chromatography. The results showed that, with the increasing moisture level on the synthetic skin simulator, the drug release rate increased. In comparison with the conventional USP method, the drug release results performed by the new method were in more correlation to the release rate claimed in the product label. This new method could help to differentiate the drug release rates among assorted formulations of transdermal drug delivery systems in the early stage of development.

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems and their Potential in Alzheimer’s Disease Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 360-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panoraia I. Siafaka ◽  
Ece Ö. Bülbül ◽  
Gökce Mutlu ◽  
Mehmet E. Okur ◽  
Ioannis D. Karantas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Oral Dosage ◽  
Transdermal Administration ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems

Alzheimer's disease is a neuropathological disease with symptoms such as language problems, confusion as to place or time, loss of interest in activities, which were previously enjoyed, behavioral changes, and memory loss. Alzheimer's disease and other types of dementia affect almost 46.8 million people globally and are estimated to strike about 131.5 million people in 2050. It has been reported that Alzheimer's is the sixth main cause of mortality. The most used drugs, which are currently approved by the Food, and Drug Administration for Alzheimer’s disease are donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine, memantine, and the combination of donepezil and memantine. However, most of the drugs present various adverse effects. Recently, the transdermal drug delivery route has gained increasing attention as an emerging tool for Alzheimer's disease management. Besides, transdermal drug delivery systems seem to provide hope for the management of various diseases, due to the advantages that they offer in comparison with oral dosage forms. Herein, the current advancements in transdermal studies with potent features to achieve better Alzheimer's disease management are presented. Many researchers have shown that the transdermal systems provide higher efficiency since the first-pass hepatic metabolism effect can be avoided and a prolonged drug release rate can be achieved. In summary, the transdermal administration of Alzheimer's drugs is an interesting and promising topic, which should be further elaborated and studied.

scholarly journals Enhancement strategies for transdermal drug delivery systems: current trends and applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delly Ramadon ◽  
Maeliosa T. C. McCrudden ◽  
Aaron J. Courtenay ◽  
Ryan F. Donnelly
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Transdermal Delivery ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems

AbstractTransdermal drug delivery systems have become an intriguing research topic in pharmaceutical technology area and one of the most frequently developed pharmaceutical products in global market. The use of these systems can overcome associated drawbacks of other delivery routes, such as oral and parenteral. The authors will review current trends, and future applications of transdermal technologies, with specific focus on providing a comprehensive understanding of transdermal drug delivery systems and enhancement strategies. This article will initially discuss each transdermal enhancement method used in the development of first-generation transdermal products. These methods include drug/vehicle interactions, vesicles and particles, stratum corneum modification, energy-driven methods and stratum corneum bypassing techniques. Through suitable design and implementation of active stratum corneum bypassing methods, notably microneedle technology, transdermal delivery systems have been shown to deliver both low and high molecular weight drugs. Microneedle technology platforms have proven themselves to be more versatile than other transdermal systems with opportunities for intradermal delivery of drugs/biotherapeutics and therapeutic drug monitoring. These have shown that microneedles have been a prospective strategy for improving transdermal delivery systems. Graphical abstract

In Vitro Release Studies on Matrix Type Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems of Naltrexone and Its Acetyl Prodrug

2005 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 871-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Buchi N. Nalluri ◽  
Caitlin Milligan ◽  
Jianhong Chen ◽  
Peter A. Crooks ◽  
Audra L. Stinchcomb
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Matrix Type ◽  
Release Studies ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Vitro Release
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