Composition Materials with Metal Matrix Condensed from the Vapor Phase

The data of condensed from vapor phase disperse reinforced materials design is presented. It is shown that the material's mechanical properties depend on matrix type, types of dispersed particles, temperature and roughness of the substrate, purity of initial materials, and its evaporation speed.

Innovative Dynamic Matrix-Type Learning Environment Based on the Example of the St. Petersburg School of Conference Interpreting and Translation, Herzen University, Russia

The paper examines an innovative cluster-type matrix model for training interpreters and translators, based on recent developments in text and pragmatics theory, as well as on the scenario approach in education. The aim is to create a single, multifaceted space for open interpreter and translator training with an anthropological focus, drawing on the achievements in Russian teaching culture and best world practices, including a system of feedback from employers, to enable a flexible response to the needs of the society. To achieve the aim, an innovative interactive system of intensive interpreter and translator training has been developed based on a cluster principle and continuous education quality monitoring. At the heart of the system are a scenario strategy and a text typology approach. What is unique about the St Petersburg School of Conference Interpreting and Translation (SCIT)’s project is the fact that it is not just an educational programme or a system or an algorithm, but a dynamic matrix-type learning environment.It is a flexible model for professional retraining that presupposes a range of basic skills and can fill any gaps in the general translators’ competence and current performance by applying the professional environment matrix. The cluster approach provides a combination of in-person, distant and independent learning components, as well as increased transparency of the educational and professional spaces, opening up future employment prospects.The ‘diffuse matrix’ version of the innovative matrix principle in education underlies the diversity of methods employed by SCIT: methodological pluralism, dominant in the process of training, implies a combination of diverse techniques developed by different authors for the matrix, making it most flexible and the whole approach – customer tailored. It should be pointed out that the external diversity is strictly regulated and targeted by the project’s creators by means of a monitoring mechanism.The future of the model is seen in its use in Russia and other countries to train highly professional interpreters and translators in other spheres (for example, audiovisual translation). It could also be used at the final stage of higher vocational training; as a standard mechanism for improving professional skills and retraining; as well as a social harmonising element (creating new links among academic, educational, and professional activities).

Contribution of Low-Level Acoustic and Higher-Level Lexical-Semantic Cues to Speech Recognition in Noise and Reverberation

Masking noise and reverberation strongly influence speech intelligibility and decrease listening comfort. To optimize acoustics for ensuring a comfortable environment, it is crucial to understand the respective contribution of bottom-up signal-driven cues and top-down linguistic-semantic cues to speech recognition in noise and reverberation. Since the relevance of these cues differs across speech test materials and training status of the listeners, we investigate the influence of speech material type on speech recognition in noise, reverberation and combinations of noise and reverberation. We also examine the influence of training on the performance for a subset of measurement conditions. Speech recognition is measured with an open-set, everyday Plomp-type sentence test and compared to the recognition scores for a closed-set Matrix-type test consisting of syntactically fixed and semantically unpredictable sentences (c.f. data by Rennies et al., J. Acoust. Soc. America, 2014, 136, 2642–2653). While both tests yield approximately the same recognition threshold in noise in trained normal-hearing listeners, their performance may differ as a result of cognitive factors, i.e., the closed-set test is more sensitive to training effects while the open-set test is more affected by language familiarity. All experimental data were obtained at a fixed signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and/or reverberation time set to obtain the desired speech transmission index (STI) values of 0.17, 0.30, and 0.43. respectively, thus linking the data to STI predictions as a measure of pure low-level acoustic effects. The results confirm the consistent difference between robustness to reverberation observed in the literature between the matrix type sentences and the Plomp-type sentences, especially for poor and medium speech intelligibility. The robustness of the closed-set matrix type sentences against reverberation disappeared when listeners had no a priori knowledge about the speech material (sentence structure and words used), thus demonstrating the influence of higher-level lexical-semantic cues in speech recognition. In addition, the consistent difference between reverberation- and noise-induced recognition scores of everyday sentences for medium and high STI conditions and the differences between Matrix-type and Plomp-type sentence scores clearly demonstrate the limited utility of the STI in predicting speech recognition in noise and reverberation.

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF CLOPIDOGREL BISULFATE TRANSDERMAL PATCHES

Transdermal drug delivery is an alternative route for systemic drug delivery which minimizes the absorption and increases the bioavailability. The main objective of the present work was to develop a suitable matrix type transdermal drug delivery system of Clopidogrel bisulphate using different polymers HPMC E15, Eudragit L100 and to compare the drug release through physical method and chemical method. Matrix type transdermal patches containing Clopidogrel Bisulfate were prepared by solvent evaporation technique. The prepared transdermal patches were evaluated for Thickness, folding endurance, tensile strength and in vitro studies. The prepared transdermal drug delivery system of Clopidogrel bisulphate using different polymers such as HPMC E15 and Eudragit L 100 had shown good promising results for all the evaluated parameters. Based on the In-vitro drug release, drug content and folding endurance results formulation F4 was concluded as an optimized formulation which shows its higher percentage of drug release. Keywords: Transdermal drug delivery, Clopidogrel bisulphate, HPMC E15, Eudragit L100

Multi-bit structure improvement methods for multiplier devices of matrix type

The article proposes methods for improving the structures of matrix multipliers of multi-digit numbers. Advanced single-bit total adders with paraphrase switched inputs and paraphrase outputs are used, intended as components of high-speed matrix multipliers. Based on the use of such single-bit adders, the structures of matrix multipliers are proposed, characterized by 2 times increased speed, 5 times reduced structural complexity compared to known multipliers based on classical single-bit adders. Optimization of structures of multi-bit matrix multipliers is offered. Comparative estimates of structural and temporal complexities of their circuit implementations depending on the bit size of multiplied binary numbers are given. The use of optimized circuit solutions of matrix multipliers can significantly improve the system characteristics of complex computing devices with many such components in the crystals of microelectronic technologies.

Influence of the polymer matrix type on cavitation resistance of composites

Cavitation resistance of polymer matrix / basalt powder composites was determined in this work. Two types of composites were tested: epoxy resin / basalt powder composite and polyester resin / basalt powder composite. In both cases, a basalt powder was used as reinforcement in the resin (grain size 20μm, in the amount of 15 wt%). An ultrasonic vibration method with a stationary sample was used to test the cavitation resistance of composites in laboratory conditions. The change in sample mass with test time was monitored to define cavitation rate. Scanning electron microscopy was used to monitor the morphology of composites surface damage.