Conversational Implicature And The Referential Use of Descriptions

Penelitian ini berfokus pada deksripsi bentuk irai hyougen dan bentuk kesantunan dalam irai hyougen yang muncul pada percakapan di acara berita Asaichi. Penelitian dilakukan lewat kajian pragmatik. Identifikasi komponen percakapan yang mengandung irai hyougen dilakukan berdasarkan bentuk irai hyougen maupun implikasi percakapan. Penanda kesantunan diamati lewat kemunculan ungkapan hormat, ungkapan kerendahan hati, ungkapan penimbang rasa, ungkapan beri-terima, serta ungkapan tidak langsung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada acara Asaichi, irai hyougen dinyatakan dalam bentuk suikoukei irai hyougen, meireikei irai hyougen, youkyuukei irai hyougen, ganbou hyoushutsuteki irai hyougen, dan enkyokuteki irai hyougen. Penanda kesantunan irai hyougen ditemukan dalam bentuk penggunaan kenjougo, penggunaan bentuk formal dari nomina dan pronomina, sebutan hormat, penggunaan irai dalam bentuk tidak langsung, penambahan adverbia maupun partikel akhir kalimat untuk menunjukkan rasa hormat pada petutur, menunjukkan kerendahan hati, empati, kehati-hatian, penghindaran kesan paksaan serta penghalus tuturan. This article examine form of irai hyogen and politeness which reflected in irai hyougen in Japanese television programme called Asaichi. In this study, using pragmatic approach, forms of irai hyougen are being examined through lexical forms, grammatical forms and conversational implicature. Politeness in irai hyougen are being examined by the emergence of expression of respect, expression of humility, expression of concern for others, expression of giving and receiving favor, indirect expression in irai hyougen. The findings of the study showed that in Asaichi, irai hyogen are expressed through suikoukei irai hyougen, meireikei irai hyougen, youkyuukei irai hyougen, ganbou hyoushutsuteki irai hyougen, and enkyokuteki irai hyougen. Politeness in irai hyougen can be identified by the use of kenjougo, formal forms of noun or pronoun to defer the hearer, terms of respect, indirect request pattern, the use of adverbs and sentence ending particles to show humility, empathy, carefulness, to smooth the request, and avoiding constraint in request are preferable.

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Calculability, Convention, and Conversational Implicature

10.1093/oso/9780198791492.003.0004 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Wayne A. Davis

Keyword(s):

Conversational Implicature ◽

Causal Processes ◽

Speaker Meaning ◽

Figurative Speech ◽

Utterance Interpretation ◽

The Way

I applaud the arguments in Lepore and Stone (2015) that Gricean, Neo-Gricean, and Relevance theories of conversational implicature and utterance interpretation are deeply flawed because the additional meanings speakers convey when using sentences are conventional rather than calculable. I then go on to rebut several conclusions Lepore and Stone endorse that do not follow: that there is no such thing as conversational implicature; that in figurative speech speakers do not mean anything beyond what the sentences they utter mean; that anything a speaker means is something the speaker directly intends and says; and that any meanings conveyed conventionally are given by the grammar or semantics of the language. Along the way, I argue that conventions are constituted by certain causal processes, not mutual expectations, and I distinguish two types of speaker meaning.

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The concept of preference in conversation analysis

Language in Society ◽

10.1017/s0047404500012744 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 161-181 ◽

Cited By ~ 107

Author(s):

Jack Bilmes

Keyword(s):

Conversation Analysis ◽

Conversational Implicature ◽

Unitary Concept

ABSTRACTPreferenceis treated as a single concept in conversation analysis, but it has in fact developed into an assemblage of loosely related concepts. It has also been construed in a variety of mutually incompatible, and sometimes meth-odologically questionable, ways. This is due, at least in part, to a confusion betweenpreferencein its everyday usage andpreferenceas a technical notion. This paper attempts to present a clear and unitary concept of preference and investigate the properties of that concept, differentiate related concepts (including conversational implicature), and reveal common confusions. (Conversation analysis, preference, methodology, implicature)

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Two puzzles on the nominative particle ga in Japanese

Journal of Japanese Linguistics ◽

10.1515/jjl-2018-0015 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 223-243

Author(s):

Noriko Kawasaki

Keyword(s):

Present Article ◽

Semantic Content ◽

Japanese Language ◽

Conversational Implicature ◽

Long Distance ◽

Nominative Case ◽

Semantic Account ◽

The Subject

Abstract Back in the 1970s, Kazuko Inoue observed that some active sentences in Japanese allow a prepositional subject. Along with impersonal sentences pointed out by S.-Y. Kuroda, such examples suggest that the nominative subject is not an obligatory element in Japanese sentences. While this observation supports the hypothesis that important characteristics of the Japanese language follow from its lack of (forced-)agreement, Japanese potential sentences require the nominative ga on at least one argument. The present article argues that the nominative case particle ga is semantically vacuous even where a ga-marked phrase is indispensable or the ga-marked phrase is construed as exhaustively listing. Stative predicates require a ga-marked phrase because they can ascribe a property to an argument only by function application. The exhaustive listing reading arises by conversational implicature when the presence of a ga-marked phrase signals that a topic phrase is being avoided. The discussion leads to a semantic account of subject honorification whereby the honorification only concerns the semantic content of the predicate, and does not involve agreement with the subject. It is also shown that sentences with a prepositional subject allow zibun only as a long-distance anaphor, which indicates that they do lack a subject with the nominative Case.

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Rehabilitating Austin, Reassessing Grice: The Case of Cancellability

Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie ◽

10.1515/agph-2018-4004 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 100 (4) ◽

pp. 470-491

Author(s):

David Egan

Keyword(s):

Literal Meaning ◽

Conversational Implicature ◽

Philosophical Criticism ◽

Ordinary Usage

Abstract This paper assesses Grice’s work on conversational implicature in the light of one of its early targets: Austin’s claim that we cannot isolate the meaning of an expression from the context in which it is used. Grice argues that we can separate the literal meaning of many utterances from their pragmatic implicatures through the mechanism of explicit cancellation. However, Grice’s conception of cancellation does not account for the fact that an explicit cancellation must be uttered, and that its utterance involves further implicatures that undermine the attempted cancellation. What Grice calls explicit cancellations are better understood as utterances that resolve ambiguities, and hence apply only in cases where there exists an ambiguity that needs resolving. If Grice’s work does not undermine Austin, we are in a position to reassess an Austinian form of philosophical criticism that emphasizes the ordinary usage of expressions deployed in philosophical arguments.

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Awareness of Conversational Implicature of Different Academic Year Students of English Department of Faculty of Language And Arts State University of Medan

Proceedings of the 4th Annual International Seminar on Transformative Education and Educational Leadership (AISTEEL 2019) ◽

10.2991/aisteel-19.2019.112 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Fitri Rahma Handayani ◽

Berlin Sibarani ◽

Sumarsih

Keyword(s):

English Department ◽

State University ◽

Conversational Implicature ◽

Academic Year

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Implikatur dalam Lawakan Komika Abdur pada Acara Stand Up Comedy

Lensa Kajian Kebahasaan Kesusastraan dan Budaya ◽

10.26714/lensa.10.1.2020.83-93 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 83

Author(s):

Elsya Rahmi ◽

Tressyalina Tressyalina

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Data Reduction ◽

Qualitative Method ◽

Data Classification ◽

Research Data ◽

Conversational Implicature ◽

Note Taking ◽

Conventional Implicature ◽

Stand Up Comedy ◽

Pragmatic Study

ABSTRAK Lawakan komika Abdur pada acara Stand Up Comedy tersebut mengandung implikatur. Kajian pragmatik mengenai implikatur dalam lawakan komika Abdur pada acara Stand Up Comedy di dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teori Grice dengan adanya 2 jenis implikatur, yakni: (1) implikatur konvensional dan (2) implikatur nonkonvensional atau implikatur percakapan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber data pada penelitian ini adalah tuturan komika Abdur pada acara Stand Up Comedy yang diperoleh melalui Youtube. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan implikatur yang terdapat dalam lawakan komika Abdur pada acara Stand Up Comedy dan jenis implikatur yang terdapat dalam lawakan tersebut. Teknik pengumpulan data penelitian dilakukan dengan teknik simak dan catat, sedangkan analisis data melalui langkah identifikasi data, reduksi data, klasifikasi data, dan interpretasi data. Hasil penelitian sebagai berikut. (1) terdapat implikatur dalam lawakan Abdur pada acara Stand Up Comedy dan (2) ada 11 implikatur konvensional dalam lawakan Abdur pada acara Stand Up Comedy dan tidak ada implikatur nonkonvensional dalam lawakan tersebut.Kata Kunci: Implikatur, lawakan, stand up comedy ABSTRACT The Abdur’s jokes on the Stand Up Comedy show contains implicature. This pragmatic study about the implicature of a comic Abdur’s jokes on Stand Up Comedy Show uses Grice’s theory in the presence of 2 types of implicature, namely: (1) conventional implicature and (2) non-conventional impicature or conversational implicature. This research uses descriptive qualitative method. The source of the research data is the Abdur’s speech on the Stand Up Comedy show obtained through YouTube. The purpose of this study is to describe the implicature of a comic Abdur’s jokes on Stand Up Comedy show. The data are collected by listening and note taking techniques. The data analysis steps include data identification, data reduction, data classification, and interpretation. The results of this study are as follows. (1) there are implicature of a comic Abdur’s Jokes on Stand Up Comedy Show and (2) there are 11 conventional implicature of a comic Abdur’s Jokes on Stand Up Comedy show and there is not non-conventional implicature.Keywords: Implicature, jokes, stand up comedy

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ANALYZING IMPLICATURES IN TALIWANG DIALECT

Journal of Languages and Language Teaching ◽

10.33394/jollt.v9i4.4215 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 432

Author(s):

Ismiati Ismiati

Keyword(s):

Irrelevant Information ◽

Qualitative Approach ◽

Conversational Implicature ◽

Ambiguous Information ◽

Conversational Implicatures ◽

Needed Information ◽

Descriptive Method

This study aims to analyze the types of implicature and flouting maxims and the reasons for doing the flouting in Taliwang Dialect. It applied the descriptive method with a qualitative approach. Data was collected by recording natural conversations among the natives of Taliwang Dialect. It was found two types of implicature, namely, Generalized Conversational Implicature (GCI) and Particularized Conversational Implicatures (PCI). In GCI, the speaker and interlocutor could easily understand the conveyed utterances because they mostly used general statements which are commonly spoken in the Taliwang dialect. In PCI, both speaker and the interlocutor needed a particular knowledge to understand each other because of the flouting maxim. Some speakers or hearers in PCI often break the maxim in a conversation due to some reasons such as accepting untrue or lie information, receiving more information than the needed information, getting irrelevant information and having unclear or ambiguous information.

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