Phosphorus uptake and partitioning in two durum wheat cultivars with contrasting biomass allocation as affected by different P supply during grain filling

The growing interest in old durum wheat cultivars, due to enhanced consumer attention on healthy, traditional products and low-input agricultural systems, partly relies on their different quality characteristics compared to modern cultivars. Nine Italian durum wheat cultivars from different breeding periods were compared in two late-sown (January) field trials in order to subject their grain filling period to high temperatures similar to those expected in the future. Late sowing moved anthesis forward by about 10 days and increased the mean temperature during grain filling by 1.3 °C compared to that obtained when using the common sowing period of November–December. In these conditions, old cultivars were on average less productive than modern ones (2.36 vs. 3.54 tons ha−1, respectively), had a higher protein percentage (13.8% vs. 11.1%), a lower gluten index (24.3% vs. 56.3%), and a lower alveographic W (baking strength) (64 vs. 100 J 10−4). The differences were partly associated to variations in the gliadins:glutenins ratio. It depended on the genotype whether the grain and semolina protein percentage and gluten strength compensated one another in terms of alveographic indices to give the dough a strength similar to that of the modern cultivars in the range of moderately high temperatures, which resulted from delayed sowing. Further studies aimed at exploring the genetic variability of quality traits in the large genetic pool represented by the several Italian old and intermediate durum wheat cultivars still available are therefore advisable.

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Analysis of gluten proteins composition during grain filling in two durum wheat cultivars submitted to two water regimes

Italian Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.4081/ija.2014.558 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 15 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Marcella Michela Giuliani ◽

Michele Andrea De Santis ◽

Marianna Pompa ◽

Luigia Giuzio ◽

Zina Flagella

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Gluten Proteins ◽

Water Regimes

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Rate and Duration of Grain Filling in Durum Wheat Cultivars 1

Crop Science ◽

10.2135/cropsci1982.0011183x002200020033x ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 337-340 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Getinet Gebeyehou ◽

D. R. Knott ◽

R. J. Baker

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Wheat Cultivars

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Role of Nitrogen Uptake and Grain Number on the Determination of Grain Nitrogen Content in Old Durum Wheat Cultivars

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11010042 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 42

Author(s):

Francesco Giunta ◽

Marina Mefleh ◽

Giovanni Pruneddu ◽

Rosella Motzo

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Durum Wheat ◽

N Uptake ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Grain Protein ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Grain Number ◽

Protein Percentage ◽

N Source

Old durum wheat cultivars are attracting renewed attention due to their suitability to low input agricultural systems. Fourteen old durum wheat cultivars were analyzed in two field trials to assess the effect of grain number and N absorbed and translocated by the crops on grain protein percentage. The mean grain yield was below 3 t ha−1 and strongly associated with the number of grains m−2 (GNO) (r = 0.97 ***). Grain yield displayed a low sensitivity to severe terminal stressful conditions due to the ability of the old durum wheat cultivars to maintain high grain weights despite the high temperatures and short time available for grain filling caused by their late anthesis. The N source for the growing grains was mainly dependent on pre-anthesis N uptake, which was positively associated with the total biomass produced by anthesis. The tall cultivars generally left a greater amount of N m−2 (8–15 g m−2) in their straw compared with shorter ones (5–6 g m−2). The low and variable GNO modulated the amount of N potentially available for each grain and probably limited the possibility of delivering the large N source to the grains. The large grains played a positive role in determining both grain yield (by compensating for the low GNO) and grain protein percentage, as their high grain filling rate was associated with a high N accumulation rate, and hence with a high grain N content and protein percentage.

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Variation in harvest index of modern spring barley, oat and wheat cultivars adapted to northern growing conditions

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859607007368 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 146 (1) ◽

pp. 35-47 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

P. PELTONEN-SAINIO ◽

S. MUURINEN ◽

A. RAJALA ◽

L. JAUHIAINEN

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Harvest Index ◽

Stand Structure ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Principal Component ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Cereal Species ◽

Growing Conditions ◽

Cereal Cultivars

SUMMARYIncreased harvest index (HI) has been one of the principal factors contributing to genetic yield improvements in spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), oat (Avena sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. Although high HI demonstrates high-yielding ability when cultivars are compared, it can also indicate challenges to yield formation when comparisons are made across differing growing conditions. The present study was designed to investigate variation in HI among modern cereal cultivars relative to that brought about by a northern environment, to assess whether HI still explains the majority of the differences in grain yield when only modern cereal cultivars are compared, and to monitor key traits contributing to HI. Stability of HI was also investigated with reference to the role of tillers. Twelve experiments (3 years, two locations, two nitrogen fertilizer regimes) were carried out in southern Finland to evaluate 12 two-row spring barley, 10 six-row barley, 10 oat and 11 wheat cultivars. In addition to HI, days to heading and maturity, length of grain filling period, grain yield, test weight and 13 traits characterizing plant stand structure were measured and analysed with principal component analysis (PCA) to detect traits associated with HI and those contributing to stability of HI. Although only modern cereals were studied, differences among cultivars were significant both in mean HI and stability of HI, and HI was associated with short plant stature in all modern cereal species. Also, single grain weight was associated with HI in all species. Differences between, but not within, species in HI were partly attributable to differences in tiller performance. Grain yield was associated closely with HI except in two-row barley. It may be possible to further increase HI of wheat, as it still was relatively low. High HI did, however, not indicate the degree of success in yield determination when environments are compared.

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Correlation of fungal penetration, CWDE activities and defense-related genes with resistance of durum wheat cultivars to Zymoseptoria tritici

Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology ◽

10.1016/j.pmpp.2017.08.003 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 100 ◽

pp. 117-125 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

L. Somai-Jemmali ◽

A. Siah ◽

K. Harbaoui ◽

S. Fergaoui ◽

B. Randoux ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Zymoseptoria Tritici

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Nickel toxicity in two durum wheat cultivars differing in drought sensitivity

Journal of Plant Nutrition ◽

10.1080/01904169609365225 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 19 (12) ◽

pp. 1611-1627 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

T. Pandolfini ◽

R. Gabbrielli ◽

M. Ciscato

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Nickel Toxicity ◽

Drought Sensitivity

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Using AFLPs to determine phylogenetic relationships and genetic erosion in durum wheat cultivars released in Italy and Spain throughout the 20th century

Field Crops Research ◽

10.1016/j.fcr.2004.06.003 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 91 (1) ◽

pp. 107-116 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

V. Martos ◽

C. Royo ◽

Y. Rharrabti ◽

L.F. Garcia del Moral

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

20Th Century ◽

Phylogenetic Relationships ◽

Genetic Erosion ◽

Wheat Cultivars

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Photosynthetic and developmental traits associated with genotypic differences in durum wheat yield across the Mediterranean basin

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar00076 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 51 (7) ◽

pp. 891 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

D. Villegas ◽

N. Aparicio ◽

M.M. Nachit ◽

J. L. Araus ◽

C. Royo

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Mediterranean Basin ◽

Carbon Isotope Discrimination ◽

Canopy Temperature ◽

Grain Filling ◽

The Other ◽

Early Vigour ◽

Developmental Traits ◽

The Mediterranean Basin

The relationships between various morphophysiological traits and yield were studied in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) grown in Mediterranean conditions. Two sets of 22 genotypes were used. One was developed for semi-humid environments (TA-genotypes) and was cultivated in 22 trials around the Mediterranean basin with a mean yield across genotypes and environments of 4925 kg/ha. The other set was developed for drier conditions (CA-genotypes) and was cultivated in 15 trials, with a mean yield of 3501 kg/ha. Morphophysiological traits for each set were evaluated in 2 trials with contrasting water regimes conducted in north-eastern Spain: Lleida-rainfed (LR) and Lleida-irrigation (LI). Two kinds of traits were evaluated: developmental traits, including early vigour, plant height, and phenology (days from planting to heading and to maturity); and traits related to photosynthetic performance such as canopy temperature and chlorophyll content of the flag leaf, both measured during grain filling, and carbon isotope discrimination of mature grains. All the traits, measured in both Lleida trials, were related to the mean yield of the same genotypes across all the sites where they were cultivated. Yield measured at either of the 2 environments at Lleida was a much poorer predictor of genotype differences in mean yield than most of the traits. Nevertheless, the kind of environment where the morphophysiological traits were evaluated affected the performance of these traits as yield predictors. The combination of significant traits measured in the better environment (LI) explained 71% and 55% of genotype variability in yield within TA- and CA-genotypes, respectively, but only 56% and 27% when they were evaluated at LR. On the other hand, growing conditions of the yield trials was the main factor determining the best combination of traits. For TA-genotypes, larger yields were associated with shorter plants and higher carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) of grains, and to a lesser extent with higher early vigour and lower canopy temperature, whereas phenological traits made no contribution to explaining genotype differences in yield. For the CA-genotypes, higher yields were related to an earlier heading date or alternatively to a higher chlorophyll content during grain filling. A higher Δ in mature kernels also seems to be a positive trait.

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