scholarly journals Metal‐rich soils increase tropical tree stoichiometric distinctiveness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liam A. Trethowan ◽  
Benjamin Blonder ◽  
Endang Kintamani ◽  
Deden Girmansyah ◽  
Timothy M. A. Utteridge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Niche Differentiation ◽  
Ultramafic Soils ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Extreme Phenotypes ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Leaf Stoichiometry ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Stressful Environments ◽  
Soil Metal

Abstract Background and aims Ultramafic soils have high metal concentrations, offering a key opportunity to understand if such metals are strong predictors of leaf stoichiometry. This is particularly relevant for tropical forests where large knowledge gaps exist. Methods On the tropical island of Sulawesi, Indonesia, we sampled forests on sand, limestone, mafic and ultramafic soils that present a range of soil metal concentrations. We asked how variation in 12 soil elements (metals and macronutrients) influenced leaf stoichiometry and whether stoichiometric distinctiveness (the average difference between a species and all others in a multivariate space, the axes of which are the concentrations of each leaf element) is influenced by increasing soil metal concentrations. Results Positive correlations between corresponding elements in soils and leaves were only found for Ca and P. Noticeably, soil Cr had a negative effect upon leaf P. Whilst most species had low stoichiometric distinctiveness, some species had greater distinctiveness on stressful metal-rich ultramafic soils, generally caused by the accumulation of Al, Co, Cr or Ni. Conclusions Our observation of increased stoichiometric distinctiveness in tropical forests on ultramafic soils indicates greater niche differentiation, and contrasts with the assumption that stressful environments remove species with extreme phenotypes.

Erratic hyperaccumulation of nickel, with particular reference to the Queensland serpentine endemic Pimelea leptospermoides

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger D. Reeves ◽  
W. Scott Laidlaw ◽  
Augustine Doronila ◽  
Alan J. M. Baker ◽  
(the late) George N. Batianoff
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Ultramafic Soils ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Total Soil ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Soil Metal ◽  
Very High ◽  
Ni Accumulation

Many hyperaccumulators of nickel (Ni) are endemic to ultramafic soils and always show very high Ni concentrations. Others occur on a variety of substrates but accumulate high Ni from the ultramafic ones. Pimelea leptospermoides is unusual in being an ultramafic endemic that shows a very wide range of Ni concentrations. The present work sought to establish the factors governing the wide variation in Ni uptake by P. leptospermoides, and aimed to investigate the likelihood of this variation originating from plant differences or soil differences. Multiple paired plant and soil samples were taken over the geographic range of occurrence of P. leptospermoides. Plant and soil metal concentrations and soil pH were measured. No evidence was found to suggest that the plants belong to populations with inherent ‘high-Ni’ and ‘low-Ni’ accumulation capability. Instead, the soil pH (covering a range from 6.0 to 8.3) and the total soil Ni concentrations of the ultramafic soils were found to be the major influences on the level of Ni accumulation. The wide variation observed in Ni accumulation by P. leptospermoides from ultramafic soils can be explained by a combination of variations in soil pH and total soil Ni concentrations.

scholarly journals Mapping the Urban Lead Exposome: A Detailed Analysis of Soil Metal Concentrations at the Household Scale Using Citizen Science

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Filippelli ◽  
Jessica Adamic ◽  
Deborah Nichols ◽  
John Shukle ◽  
Emeline Frix
Keyword(s):  
Citizen Science ◽  
The United States ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Soil Lead ◽  
Urban Core ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Property Scale ◽  
Core Soil ◽  
The City ◽  
Soil Metal

An ambitious citizen science effort in the city of Indianapolis (IN, USA) led to the collection and analysis of a large number of samples at the property scale, facilitating the analysis of differences in soil metal concentrations as a function of property location (i.e., dripline, yard, and street) and location within the city. This effort indicated that dripline soils had substantially higher values of lead and zinc than other soil locations on a given property, and this pattern was heightened in properties nearer the urban core. Soil lead values typically exceeded the levels deemed safe for children’s play areas in the United States (<400 ppm), and almost always exceeded safe gardening guidelines (<200 ppm). As a whole, this study identified locations within properties and cities that exhibited the highest exposure risk to children, and also exhibited the power of citizen science to produce data at a spatial scale (i.e., within a property boundary), which is usually impossible to feasibly collect in a typical research study.

Plant metal concentrations in Theobroma cacao as affected by soil metal availability in different soil types

Chemosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 127749
Author(s):  
Caleb Lewis ◽  
Adrian M. Lennon ◽  
Gaius Eudoxie ◽  
Paramasivam Sivapatham ◽  
Pathmanathan Umaharan
Keyword(s):  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Metal Availability ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Soil Metal

PLANT GROWTH AND SOIL METAL CONCENTRATIONS A SPATIAL EFFECTS MODEL

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 (1) ◽  
pp. 194-211
Author(s):  
D.R. Neuman ◽  
S.R. Jennings ◽  
M.K. Reeves
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Spatial Effects ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Soil Metal

scholarly journals Mapping the Urban Lead Exposome: A Detailed Analysis of Soil Metal Concentrations at the Household Scale Using Citizen Science

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Filippelli ◽  
Jessica Adamic ◽  
Deborah Nichols ◽  
John Shukle ◽  
Emeline Frix
Keyword(s):  
Citizen Science ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Soil Lead ◽  
Urban Core ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Property Scale ◽  
The Us ◽  
Core Soil ◽  
The City ◽  
Soil Metal

An ambitious citizen-science effort in the city of Indianapolis (Indiana, USA) led to the collection and analysis of a large number of samples at the property scale, facilitating the analysis of differences in soil metal concentrations as a function of property location (i.e., dripline, yard, and street) and location within the city. This effort indicated that dripline soils had substantially higher values of lead and zinc than other soil locations on a given property, and this pattern was heightened in properties nearer the urban core. Soil lead values typically exceeded the levels deemed safe for children’s play areas in the US (&lt;400 ppm), and almost always exceeded safe gardening guidelines (&lt;200 ppm). As a whole, this study identified locations within properties, and cities, that exhibited the highest exposure risk to children, and also exhibited the power of citizen science to produce data at a spatial scale (i.e., within a property boundary) that is usually impossible to feasibly collect in a typical research study.

scholarly journals Measuring Soil Metal Bioavailability in Roadside Soils of Different Ages

Environments ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Shamali De Silva ◽  
Trang Huynh ◽  
Andrew S. Ball ◽  
Demidu V. Indrapala ◽  
Suzie M. Reichman
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Control Site ◽  
Roadside Soil ◽  
Metal Bioavailability ◽  
Roadside Soils ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Total Metal ◽  
Soil Metal

Finding a reliable method to predict soil metal bioavailability in aged soil continues to be one of the most important problems in contaminated soil chemistry. To investigate the bioavailability of metals aged in soils, we used roadside soils that had accumulated metals from vehicle emissions over a range of years. We collected topsoil (0–10 cm) samples representing new-, medium- and old-aged roadside soils and control site soil. These soils were studied to compare the ability of the diffusive gradients in thin films technique (DGT), soil water extraction, CaCl2 extraction, total metal concentrations and optimised linear models to predict metal bioavailability in wheat plants. The response time for the release of metals and the effect on metal bioavailability in field aged soils was also studied. The DGT, and extractable metals such as CaCl2 extractable and soil solution metals in soil, were not well correlated with metal concentrations in wheat shoots. In comparison, the strongest relationships with concentrations in wheat shoots were found for Ni and Zn total metal concentrations in soil (e.g., Ni r = 0.750, p = 0.005 and Zn r = 0.833, p = 0.001); the correlations were still low, suggesting that total metal concentrations were also not a robust measure of bioavailability. Optimised linear models incorporating soil physiochemical properties and metal extracts together with road age as measure of exposure time, demonstrated a very strong relationship for Mn R2 = 0.936; Ni R2 = 0.936 and Zn R2 = 0.931. While all the models developed were dependent on total soil metal concentrations, models developed for Mn and Zn clearly demonstrated the effect of road age on metal bioavailability. Therefore, the optimised linear models developed have the potential for robustly predicting bioavailable metal concentrations in field soils where the metals have aged in situ. The intrinsic rate of release of metals increased for Mn (R2 = 0.617, p = 0.002) and decreased for Cd (R2 = 0.456, p = 0.096), Cu (R2 = 0.560, p = 0.083) and Zn (R2 =0.578, p = 0.072). Nickel did not show any relationship between dissociation time (Tc) and road age. Roadside soil pH was likely to be the key parameter controlling metal aging in roadside soil.

Noise exposure and its impact on psychological health of agricultural tractor operators

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 500-506
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yamin ◽  
Zohaib Yousaf ◽  
Khalid Mahmood Bhatt ◽  
Muhammad Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Psychological Problems ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
High Noise ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Agricultural Tractor

Constant exposure of noise to the auditory system of the agricultural tractor opera- tor can cause physical and psychological problems. A field study was conducted in the Faisalabad and Narowal districts of Pakistan to examine the spread of tractor noise and its psychological effects on the safety of tractor operators driving tractors without cabins and other noise reduction measures. Four of the most common imple- ments used in Pakistan, including land scraper, cultivator, disk harrow and seed drill, were used to detect the changes in tractor noise at two speeds of 5.3 km/h and 10.6 km/h in all four directions. Lowest noise was produced during the field operation of the seed drill at a mean noise value of 81.9 dB(A) among all four implements. Disk harrow and cultivator were found to be the most noisy implement, and during oper- ation, the tractor operator was directly exposed to high noise levels of 86.9 dB(A) and 84.9 dB(A), respectively. This noise pollution caused psychological problems in agri- cultural tractor operators, as demonstrated by the highly positive correlations of de- pression, aggression, anxiety and stress. This trend had a negative effect on their social interactions relative to the comparable population of office employees. In or- der to mitigate the adverse health effects, tractor operators must be equipped with sound proof cabins or at least ear plugs because of direct exposure to high noise levels. Furthermore, a safe distance of 48 m or at least a warning distance of 26 m from the tractor must be maintained by farm workers.

The ecology of plants: from seed to seed

2019 ◽  
pp. 88-132
Author(s):  
Richard T. Corlett
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Community Assembly ◽  
Forest Succession ◽  
Neutral Theory ◽  
Niche Differentiation ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Reproductive Phenology ◽  
Plant Community Ecology ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Ground Herbs

This chapter deals with the ecology of Tropical East Asia from a plant perspective. The life cycle of forest trees is covered in detail, including their vegetative and reproductive phenology, pollination, seed dispersal, seed predation, and the seedling, sapling, and adult stages. Other life forms, including lianas, ground herbs, epiphytes, hemi-epiphytes, and parasites are considered in less detail. Recent advances in plant community ecology are discussed, including the mechanisms responsible for the maintenance of species diversity in tropical forests (niche differentiation, growth–survival trade-offs, conspecific negative density-dependent mortality, neutral theory), and the influence of functional traits and phylogeny on community assembly. Forest succession is discussed in a regional context.

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