scholarly journals The effects of language preference and home resources on foundational literacy retention during school holiday closures in Ghana: Lessons from the Complementary Basic Education Programme

Prospects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwame Akyeampong ◽  
Emma Carter ◽  
Pauline Rose ◽  
Jennifer Ryan ◽  
Ricardo Sabates ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Home Environment ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Education Programme ◽  
Disadvantaged Students ◽  
Language Preference ◽  
School Closures ◽  
Language Of Instruction ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Using Data ◽  
At Home

AbstractThis article assesses the extent to which children’s language preference and their home environment matter for literacy retention. Using data from the Complementary Basic Education (CBE) program in Ghana, the authors found that large numbers of disadvantaged students reverted to not even being able to read a single word following school closures over a four-month holiday period. Widening literacy gaps were found for girls who reported they did not receive instruction in a language that they understood or did not have the resources, support, or activities at home to enable them to continue to learn while schools were closed. For boys, widening literacy gaps were only influenced by resources, support, or activities at home, but not by language preferences. The article findings suggest that schools and teachers must pay closer attention to language preference, particularly for girls, in order to ensure that language of instruction is not a barrier to literacy retention. The article also provides further evidence to support the growing claims that home supports are essential for reducing inequities in learning outcomes during school closures.

scholarly journals Observaciones y perspectivas sobre las modalidades de educación básica en América Latina en la era pandémica y pospandémica

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (67) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Chen ◽  
Xi Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Education Programme ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Latin American Region ◽  
Equity And Efficiency ◽  
New Vision ◽  
Learning At Home ◽  
America Latina ◽  
At Home

La crisis sanitaria de covid-19 ha llevado a que el modelo educativo en muchos países, incluidos los latinoamericanos, pase a la modalidad remota. Este artículo tiene como objetivo explorar la transición de la presencialidad a la virtualidad a lo largo de la pandemia, así como sus implicaciones para las posibilidades y disponibilidades pedagógicas en la era pospandémica mediante un análisis de la modalidad de la educación básica en América Latina basándose en un estudio de caso del programa educativo a distancia en México: Aprende en Casa. Las conclusiones sugieren que el sistema mexicano de educación básica ha experimentado tres etapas de transformación ante la pandemia. Sin embargo, también observamos que en el proyecto Aprende en Casa existen varias deficiencias, vinculadas principalmente a la falta de garantía de equidad y eficiencia educativa. Se finaliza concluyendo que, con la finalidad de abordar los retos en la educación básica tanto en México como en toda la región latinoamericana, hace falta una visión hacia un enfoque integral, atendiendo la diversidad de las condiciones socioeconómicas. The Covid-19 health crisis has led to a shift in the educational model in many countries to the remote mode, including Latin American countries. This article aims to analyse the modality of basic education in Latin America based on a case study of the distance education programme in Mexico: Learning at Home. In this article, the objective is to explore the transition from face-to-face education to virtual mode, as well as its implications for pedagogical and public proposals in the post-pandemic era. The findings suggest that the Mexican basic education system has undergone three stages of transformation in the face of the pandemic. However, we also note that there are several shortcomings in the Learning at Home project, mainly linked to the lack of guarantee of educational equity and efficiency. We conclude that in order to address the challenges in basic education not only in Mexico, but also in the Latin American region as a whole, a new vision towards a comprehensive approach is needed, taking into account the diversity of socio-economic conditions.

scholarly journals Assessing the Relationships Between COVID-19 Stay-at-Home Orders and Opioid Overdoses in the State of Pennsylvania

2021 ◽  
pp. 002204262110063
Author(s):  
Brian King ◽  
Ruchi Patel ◽  
Andrea Rishworth
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Opioid Overdose ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Fentanyl Analogs ◽  
Measure Change ◽  
Using Data ◽  
At Home

COVID-19 is compounding opioid use disorder throughout the United States. While recent commentaries provide useful policy recommendations, few studies examine the intersection of COVID-19 policy responses and patterns of opioid overdose. We examine opioid overdoses prior to and following the Pennsylvania stay-at-home order implemented on April 1, 2020. Using data from the Pennsylvania Overdose Information Network, we measure change in monthly incidents of opioid-related overdose pre- versus post-April 1, and the significance of change by gender, age, race, drug class, and naloxone doses administered. Findings demonstrate statistically significant increases in overdose incidents among both men and women, White and Black groups, and several age groups, most notably the 30–39 and 40–49 ranges, following April 1. Significant increases were observed for overdoses involving heroin, fentanyl, fentanyl analogs or other synthetic opioids, pharmaceutical opioids, and carfentanil. The study emphasizes the need for opioid use to be addressed alongside efforts to mitigate and manage COVID-19 infection.

scholarly journals Ghost guns: spookier than you think they are

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Garen J. Wintemute
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Domestic Terrorism ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Firearm Violence ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Hate Violence ◽  
At Home

AbstractOff-the-books, untraceable “ghost guns” can now be manufactured at home, easily, and in large numbers; they contribute ever more frequently to firearm violence, including hate violence and domestic terrorism. The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives estimates that in 2019 alone, law enforcement agencies recovered more than 10,000 ghost guns. The manuscript describes the current situation and suggests specific actions that state and federal governments can take to avert disaster.

How Much Does Public School Facility Funding Depend on Property Wealth?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-52
Author(s):  
Eric Brunner ◽  
David Schwegman ◽  
Jeffrey M. Vincent
Keyword(s):  
Public School ◽  
Students Of Color ◽  
Household Income ◽  
School Facilities ◽  
Disadvantaged Students ◽  
School Construction ◽  
Property Wealth ◽  
Capital Funding ◽  
School Facility ◽  
Using Data

Abstract We examine how funding for public school facilities varies with school district property wealth and household income. Using data on school facility (i.e., capital) funding in California from fiscal years 1986-87 to 2015-16, we find that funding for school construction and modernization varies widely across districts. Disparities in funding are driven primarily by inter-district differences in property wealth with the highest property wealth districts raising significantly more funding for school facilities. Assessed value per-pupil in California is also negatively correlated with the share of disadvantaged students and students of color. As a result, school facility funding tends to be substantially lower in districts with the highest concentrations of disadvantaged students and students of color.

Learnig at home in basic education

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roxana Bustamante Sotelo
Keyword(s):  
Basic Education ◽  
At Home

scholarly journals Naturalistic development of trait mindfulness: A longitudinal examination of victimization and supportive relationships in early adolescence

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0250960
Author(s):  
Michael T. Warren ◽  
Kimberly A. Schonert-Reichl ◽  
Randip Gill ◽  
Anne M. Gadermann ◽  
Eva Oberle
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Graders ◽  
First Language ◽  
Trait Mindfulness ◽  
Young Adolescents ◽  
Seventh Grade ◽  
Longitudinal Association ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Over Time ◽  
At Home ◽  
Strong Relationships

Scholars have only just begun to examine elements of young adolescents’ social ecologies that explain naturalistic variation in trait mindfulness and its development over time. We argue that trait mindfulness develops as a function of chronically encountered ecologies that are likely to foster or thwart the repeated enactment of mindful states over time. Using data from 4,593 fourth and seventh grade students (50% female; MageG4 = 9.02; 71% English first language) from 32 public school districts in British Columbia (BC), Canada, we examined links from peer belonging, connectedness with adults at home, and peer victimization to mindfulness over time. Variable-centered analyses indicated that young adolescents with lower victimization in fourth grade reported higher mindfulness in seventh grade, and that cross-sectionally within seventh grade victimization, peer belonging, and connectedness with adults at home were each associated with mindfulness. Contrary to our hypothesis, connectedness with adults at home moderated the longitudinal association between victimization and mindfulness such that the negative association was stronger among young adolescents with high (vs. low) levels of connectedness with adults at home. Person-centered analysis of the fourth graders’ data confirmed our variable-centered findings, yielding four latent classes of social ecology whose mindfulness levels in seventh grade largely tracked with their victimization levels (from highest to lowest mindfulness): (1) flourishing relationships, (2) unvictimized but weak relationships with adults, (3) moderately victimized but strong relationships, and (4) victimized but strong relationships. Overall, our findings contribute to a growing body of evidence indicating that trait mindfulness may develop as a function of ecologically normative experiences in young adolescents’ everyday lives.

scholarly journals Pre-Service Teachers’ Knowledge and Their Beliefs Towards Inclusive Education: Implications for Teacher Education Programme

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-129
Author(s):  
Olateju Oluwayemisi Ruth ◽  
Okanlawon Ayoade Ejiwale ◽  
Fakokunde Jubril Busuyi
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Science Teachers ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Special Education Teachers ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Education Programme ◽  
Disadvantaged Students ◽  
Tertiary Institution ◽  
Struggling Learners

Today’s classrooms in Nigerian schools are witnessing heterogeneous student populations. With this current classroom nature, teachers feel generally ill-prepared and are unwilling to accommodate disadvantaged students. According to research findings, unfortunately, disadvantaged students were usually excluded during classroom instruction. Consequently, this resulted in reduced learning opportunities, stigmatization and social exclusion. Thus, this paper investigated pre-service teachers’ level of knowledge about inclusive education and explored their beliefs towards inclusive education. To achieve these objectives, a descriptive study design was adopted. The sample for the study consisted of 166 pre-service science teachers who were drawn from the population of special education undergraduate students from a tertiary institution using the stratified random sampling technique. The study utilized two validated questionnaires, Teachers’ Knowledge about Inclusive Education Test (TKIET), and True-False Twenty-one-Item Test and Teachers’ Belief towards Inclusive Education (TBIS) which is structured on a 5-point Likert scale to elicit the information from the respondents. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results of the study indicated that (1) pre-service teachers had a moderate knowledge about inclusive education and (2) pre-service teachers held positive beliefs about the effectiveness of inclusive education. Major conclusions which arise from this study are that pre-service special education teachers in Nigeria had moderate knowledge about inclusive education. In spite of their moderate knowledge about inclusive education they exhibited positive beliefs about the effectiveness of inclusive education.       Keywords: disadvantage students, struggling learners, adaptive instruction, curriculum modification, inclusive education

scholarly journals Home environment and noise disturbance in a national sample of multi-family buildings in Sweden-associations with medical symptoms

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Wang ◽  
Dan Norbäck
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Home Environment ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Ground Floor ◽  
Noise Disturbance ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Medical Symptoms ◽  
At Home

Abstract Background Poor acoustic conditions at home can have negative health impact. The aim was to investigate home environment factors and medical symptoms associated with noise disturbance. Methods All adults (≥18 y) registered in selected apartments in Sweden were invited to participate in a questionnaire survey including medical questions and personal factors. Totally 5775 adults participated (response rate 46%). Information on home environment was obtained through an indoor environment questionnaire. Two-level logistic regression models (individual, municipality) were performed to estimate associations. Results Totally 11.9% reported noise disturbance in general at home. Noise disturbance from voice/radio/TV/music/similar sounds from neighbours (13.2%), scraping sound/footsteps/thumping from neighbours (16.5%) and road traffic (16.1%) were common. Younger age and smoking were related to more noise disturbance and more medical symptoms. Noise disturbance was related to tiredness, headache and difficulty concentrating (OR = 1.70–8.19). Renting the apartment (OR = 2.53) and living above ground floor (OR = 1.37) were related to more noise disturbance in general. Living in newer buildings (constructed from 1986 to 2005) was related to less noise disturbance in general (OR = 0.40–0.59). A warmer climate (OR = 1.95), higher municipality population density (OR = 1.24), a longer living time (OR = 1.34), construction year (1961–1975) (OR = 2.42), renting (OR = 1.80–2.32), living above ground floor (OR = 1.45) and having a bathroom fan (OR = 1.84) were associated with increased noise disturbance from neighbours. Factors associated with increased noise disturbance from installations or ventilation/fans/heat pumps included a warmer climate, higher municipality population density, construction year (1961–1995), renting and any mechanical ventilation. Higher municipality population density, construction year (especially 1961–1985) and renting were associated with more noise disturbance from traffic (OR = 1.77–3.92). Renting the apartment (OR = 1.73) and living above ground floor (OR = 1.60) were related to more severe traffic noise disturbances. Noise disturbance in general was partly a mediator of the effects of old buildings, renting the apartment and lack of mechanical ventilation on medical symptoms (% of total effect mediated by noise disturbance: 19–44.8%). Conclusions Noise disturbance can be associated medical symptoms. Younger age, smoking, a warmer climate, higher municipality population density and different building factors (e.g. renting the apartment, construction period 1961–1985) can be associated with noise disturbance.

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