Political freedom, economic freedom, and income convergence: Do stages of economic development matter?

Public Choice ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 135 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 183-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenhui Xu ◽  
Haizheng Li
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Political Freedom ◽  
Income Convergence ◽  
Stages Of Economic Development

Rural and Urban Population Changes and the Stages of Economic Development: A Unified Approach

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1161-1174 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Miyao
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Unified Framework ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Dynamic Path ◽  
Stages Of Economic Development ◽  
Shed Light

A model is presented which can yield a dynamic path of economic development from very early stages through more advanced stages in an attempt to shed light on what Alonso called the “five bell-shapes” within a unified framework. The model is able to explain not only the occurrence of a downturn in the rural population after the initial phase of population growth both in rural and urban areas, but also the delayed occurrence of such a downturn in many present-day developing countries. The author then focuses the later stages of economic development and explains two alternative courses of urbanization, namely, the reversal process and the continual-growth process, as special cases of the general model; which of the courses occurs depends on the value of the elasticity of urban agglomeration-economies.

Targeted state economic development incentives and entrepreneurship

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meg Patrick Tuszynski ◽  
Dean Stansel
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Incentive Programs ◽  
Economic Development Incentives ◽  
State Economic Development ◽  
Development Incentives ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between state economic development incentives programs and entrepreneurial activity. Design/methodology/approach The authors use panel data and a fixed-effects model to examine the determinants of five measures of entrepreneurial activity. To measure state economic development incentives programs, they use a new and substantially improved data set from Bartik (2017). They also include a measure for economic freedom, the Fraser Institute’s Economic Freedom of North America index. Findings The authors find a robustly negative relationship between development incentives and patent activity. They find some evidence that incentives are negatively associated with small business establishments (<10 employees) as a percentage of total establishments but positively associated with the large business establishment (>500 employees) share. They also find evidence of a positive relationship between economic freedom and both patent activity and net business formation. Research limitations/implications The results imply that economic development incentive programs are unlikely to increase entrepreneurial activity and may decrease it. They also imply increased economic freedom (lower taxes, lower spending, and lower governmental restrictions on labor markets) may increase entrepreneurial activity. Originality/value To the authors’ knowledge, this paper provides the first examination of the relationship between development incentives and entrepreneurial activity that utilizes Bartik (2017), a new vastly improved data set of state economic development incentive programs. The paper also contributes to the literature on the relationship between economic freedom and entrepreneurial activity.

scholarly journals The Normative Connotation and Legal Guarantee of Market Economy in China's Constitution

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pan Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
State Agencies ◽  
Economic Equality ◽  
The Core ◽  
Market Economic

At this stage, the market economy has become an important force to promote China's economic development. Consolidating the core of market economic development, namely, economic equality and economic freedom, is an inevitable requirement for upholding and improving China's basic economic system, and it is also an important aspect of the country's strong guarantee for market economic development. Therefore, it is necessary to research the meaning of the market economy in the constitution, and at the same time clarify the constitutional norms’ obligation to guarantee the implementation of state agencies to provide adequate constitutional guarantees for the development of the market economy.

scholarly journals Pensando a sustentabilidade: um olhar sobre a Agenda 21

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo BASSANI ◽  
Maria Aparecida Vivan De CARVALHO
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Agenda 21 ◽  
The Social ◽  
Rules And Principles ◽  
Stages Of Economic Development

Trata-se neste ensaio de uma reflexão que permite subsidiar práticas politicamente avançadas que delineiem ações emancipadas. Nas últimas décadas, a degradação ambiental tem aumentado em níveis insuportáveis, caracterizada por diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento econômico e de ação humana, levando- nos a acreditar que medidas concretas e efetivas precisam ser tomadas no sentido de articular o crescimento das condições socioeconômicas com a sustentabilidade. Um dos caminhos teórico-práticos diz respeito à implantação da Agenda 21, contemplando normas e diretrizes para implementar ações locais e regionais. Thinking over sustainability: a reflection over Agenda 21 Abstract This paper is about a reflection that allows us to subsidise policie advanced which sketch emancipated actions. In the last decades, the environmental degradation has increased to intolerable levels, characterized by different stages of economic development and human action, leading us to believe that real and effective measures have to be taken to articulate the growth of the social economic conditions with sustainabillity. One of the theoretical practical ways concerns the introduction of Agenda 21 which contemplates rules and principles to implement local and regional actions.

scholarly journals An analysis of corporate board networks in South Africa

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. N. Durbach ◽  
H. Parker
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Random Network ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Corporate Board ◽  
Corporate Networks ◽  
Director Network ◽  
Stages Of Economic Development ◽  
Board Networks

In this paper we analyse the networks created from directors sitting on the boards of companies in South Africa. We consider two projections of this network: a director network, in which only directors are present and two directors are linked if they sit together on one or more common boards; and a firm network, in which only firms are present and an edge indicates that the two firms share one or more directors. We describe these networks in terms of the statistical properties that they possess, and compare them to theoretical values obtained under various random network models. The network analysis is the first to be applied to a relatively small emerging economy like South Africa. We find that many of the features previously found to hold for highly-developed countries also apply here, suggesting that corporate networks may be fairly robust to stages of economic development.

Finance and the Sources of Growth at Various Stages of Economic Development

2004 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Rioja ◽  
Neven Valev
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Stages Of Economic Development
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