The impact of non-normality, sample size and estimation technique on goodness-of-fit measures in structural equation modeling: evidence from ten empirical models of travel behavior

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Ory ◽  
Patricia L. Mokhtarian
Author(s):  
SAMIRA GHIYASI ◽  
FATEMEH VERDI BAGHDADI ◽  
FARSHAD HASHEMZADEH ◽  
AHMAD SOLTANZADEH

Enhancing the index of crisis resilience is one of the key goals in medical environments. Various parameters can affect crisis resilience. The current study was designed to analyze crisis resilience in medical environments based on the crisis management components. This cross-sectional and descriptive-analytical study was performed in 14 hospitals and medical centers, in 2020. A sample size of 343.5 was determined based on the Cochran's formula. We used a 44-item crisis management questionnaire of Azadian et al. to collect data. The components of this questionnaire included management commitment, error learning, culture learning, awareness, preparedness, flexibility, and transparency. The data was analyzed based on the structural equation modeling approach using IBM SPSS AMOS v. 23.0. The participants’ age and work experience mean were 37.78±8.14 and 8.22±4.47 years. The index of crisis resilience was equal to 2.96±0.87. The results showed that all components of crisis management had a significant relationship with this index (p <0.05). The highest and lowest impact on the resilience index were related to preparedness (E=0.88) and transparency (E=0.60). The goodness of fit indices of this model including RMSEA, CFI, NFI, and NNFI (TLI) was 2.86, 0.071, 0.965, 0.972, and 0.978. The index of crisis resilience in the medical environments was at a moderate level. Furthermore, the structural equation modeling findings indicated that the impact of each component of crisis management should be considered in prioritizing measures to increase the level of resilience.  


Author(s):  
Roya Sadat Alavi Pour ◽  

This study aims to investigate the role of innovation in the tourist attitude and improve the performance of the destination. In this regard, while reviewing the concepts of innovation, tourist attitude, and destination performance, using the structural equation modeling method, we examined the effect of innovation on tourist attitude and promotion of destination performance. The statistical population of this study includes tourists from historical places in Tehran, whose number is unlimited. The sample size was determined using the Krejcie-Morgan 384 sample size determination table, which was selected using simple random sampling. In order to collect data in this research, a questionnaire was used, the validity of which was confirmed as content validity by experts, and the validity of construction and structure by confirmatory factor analysis in Smart-pls software and its reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, approved by a factor of 0.954. In order to analyze the data in this study, the Chlomogroff-Smirnov test was used for regular testing, and structural equation modeling was used to test the hypotheses. The results showed that innovation in services and marketing has a significant impact on tourist attitudes, marketing promotion, and destination performance. The results also show that the mediating role of marketing promotion on the impact of innovation on destination performance has not been confirmed.


2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 454-463
Author(s):  
Farisiyah Fitriani ◽  
Agus Rusgiyono ◽  
Tatik Widiharih

Customer satisfaction is used by a company to evaluate products or services whether it is sufficient with customer’s expectations. Satisfaction is influenced by factors that cannot be measured directly are called latent variables and can be measured through indicators used to measure satisfaction with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Generalized Structured Component Analysis (GSCA) method is part of a SEM based on a variant that does not require the assumption of a multivariate normal distribution and has a measure overall goodness of fit. The parameters used are factor loading, coefficients parameter, and weight of indicators and estimated with alternating least square. The type of data used primary data from the results of the questionnaire with stratified proportional random sampling and number of samples 286. This research using indicators as measurable variables as many 32 indicators and 8 latent variable. Considering to the evaluation of the structural model, it is found there are 5 variables that influence satisfaction, they are prices, quality yield, cleanliness, doctor's services, and employee services with a large influence of 77.18% and the impact of satisfaction on loyalty is 48.63 %. For the overall goodness of fit measure, it is known that the FIT value is 63.75% and the adjusted FIT (AFIT) value is 63.47%. The goodness of fit (GFI) produced the value in the amount of 96.43%, indicating that the general model has the good level of compatibility.Keywords: Generalized Structured Component Analysis, Structural Equation Modeling, Overall goodness of fit, Alternating Least Square, Stratified Proportional Random Sampling


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seema Chandani ◽  
Dr. afaq kazi ahmed

<p><b>Research Paradigm:</b> The approach for this study is based on positivism theory with an intention to obtain evidence through focused observations and identify its likeliness with the actual data collected so that it can be generalized with the findings of other scholars who have worked on the topic (Remenyi et al., 1998). As elaborated by (Gill & Johnson, 2002), the crux of positivism philosophy revolves around the relationship of cause and its effect generated by different constructs, and the best possible exploration of these variables.</p><p><b>Research Design:</b> Primary data would be collected through a structured close-ended questionnaire which use to gather the responses from the stakeholders including teachers, coordinators, and school management and human resource personnel in the private schools. Therefore, the research questionnaire adapted from Dogan (2009) and Asiyai (2016) as a research instrument.</p> <p><b>Sample Size and Sampling technique:</b> The target population for this research study consists of different stakeholders for instance: teachers, coordinators, and school management and HR personnel working in private schools of Karachi -Pakistan. Non-probability purposive sampling is being used for this study. The sample size of 400 different stakeholders from private schools would be adequate to figure out the results (Loehlin, 2004). Since the actual size of the population is not exactly known and neither accessible to conduct random sampling, therefore non probability purposive sampling is chosen. Since the sample consists of different stakeholders for instance: teachers, coordinators, and school management and HR personnel working in private schools of Karachi -Pakistan. Therefore, it is a purposive sampling.</p><p><b>Data Collection Tool:</b> In this study we used the quantitative research to measure the perceived effectiveness of in-service training in improving teacher’s performance with one independent variables: in-service training (Training need assessment and training methodology), one dependent variables teachers performance (Task performance and contextual performance), 03 mediators (professional skills, knowledge enhancement and work engagement) and one moderator (reward). Questionnaire has distributed in the several schools by hand or through email.</p><p><b>Statistical Technique:</b> Since the model consists of multiple variables with mediation and moderation model, therefore the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is used. The interface terms integrated with the model is measured for statistical significance via bootstrapping method. The structural equation modeling has executed by the partial least square approach.</p><p></p>


2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mazzini Muda ◽  
Muhammad Iskandar Hamzah

PurposeIn spite of the increasing organic and interactive marketing activities over social media, a general understanding of the source credibility of voluntary user-generated content (UGC) is still limited. In line with the social identity theory, this paper examines the effects of consumers' perceived source credibility of UGC in YouTube videos on their attitudes and behavioral intentions. Additionally, source homophily theory is included to predict the antecedent of source credibility.Design/methodology/approachThree hundred and seventy two Generation Y respondents were interviewed using snowball sampling. Data were analyzed with component-based structural equation modeling technique of partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM).FindingsFindings confirmed that perceived source credibility indirectly affects purchase intention (PI) and electronic word-of-mouth via attitude toward UGC. Besides, perceived source credibility mediates the effect of perceived source homophily on attitude toward UGC.Practical implicationsSince today's consumers have begun to trust and rely more on UGC than company-generated content on social media when making purchase decisions, companies may reconsider democratizing certain aspects of their branding strategies. Firms may fine-tune their marketing communication budgets – not only just by sponsoring public figures and celebrities but also by nurturing coproductive engagements with independent content creators who are ordinary consumers. Endowed with their imposing credibility, these micro-influencers and prosumers have high potentials to be uplifted to brand ambassadors.Originality/valueWhile consumers' purchase outcome can be measured easily using metrics and analytics, the roles of source homophily in stages leading up to the purchase is still elusive. Drawing on the rich theoretical basis of source homophily may help researchers to understand not only how credibility and attitude are related to PI but also how this nexus generates positive word of mouth among UGC followers within the social media circles.


2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Majid Golzarpour ◽  
Meroe Vameghi ◽  
Homeira Sajjadi ◽  
Gholamreza Ghaedamini Harouni

<p><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> Worldwide, much evidence exists on the influence of parents’ socioeconomic conditions, including employment, on children’s health. However, the mechanisms for this affect are still being investigated. Few studies have been conducted in Iran to investigate this issue. This study investigated working conditions, job satisfaction, and mental health of employed people and the association between these variables and their children’s health.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>MATERIALS &amp; METHODS:</strong> In this correlational work, 200 male and female staff of the official part of Educational Organization and the schools of Mashhad with children aged 5-18 years was randomly selected. The data were gathered using a demographic questionnaire, the 20-item Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaire, the 28-item General Health Questionnaire, and the 28-item Child Health Questionnaire. The data were then analyzed using SPSS. The associations under study were investigated by structural equation modeling in AMOS.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>RESULTS:</strong> Approximately 17% of the variation in the parents’ job satisfaction could be explained by the parents’ insurance, income, and work hours; 6% of the variation in their mental health was explained by job satisfaction, and 26% of the variation in children’s health was directly explained by the parents’ job satisfaction and mental health. However, approximately 32.2% of the variation in children’s health could be explained in the light of the direct effect of the parents’ mental health and direct and indirect effects of the parents’ job satisfaction. The goodness of fit index was 0.94.</p><p><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> Parents’ job satisfaction was associated with and considerably explained children’s health. Although this finding may be partially related to the job satisfaction effect on mental health, the reasons for the affect of job satisfaction on children’s health and the potential mechanisms of this association require further studies.<strong></strong></p>


Author(s):  
Iin Mayasari

This study examines the model that explains the internal aspect as the stimulusi in influencing consumers to do variety seeking. The conceptual model is discussed by applying the psychology perspective of the optimum stimulation level and the impact on attitudinal loyalty. The number of questionnaires is 1100 exemplars and distributed to seven universities in Yogyakarta. However, the appropriate questionnaires to be further analyzed are 654 exemplars. The hypotheses testing uses the structural equation modeling.


2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kardison Lumban Batu

The current research is empirically investigated the impact of country of origin and consumer ethnocentrism on growing customer trend directly also through global marketing as mediating variable. It is also assessed the impact of global marketing on growing consumer trend. By deploying Structural Equation Modeling with AMOS, three independent variables were analyzed, country of origin (CoC), global marketing (GM), consumer ethnocentrism (CE) and growing consumer trend (GCT) as dependent variable. The findings showed that both country of origin (CoC) and consumer ethnocentrism (CE) have significant effect on global marketing (GM) as well as on growing consumer trend (GCT). Further, global marketing (GM) successfully mediated and showed significant effect of both country of origin and consumer ethnocentrism. Finally global marketing has significant impact on growing consume trend.


2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
I Made Endra Wiartika Putra ◽  
Gede Rasben Dantes ◽  
I Made Candiasa

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui model pengukuran tingkat kepercayaan pelanggan terhadap situs e-commerce. Langkah awal yang dilakukan yaitu identifikasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kepercayaan pelanggan melalui studi literatur dan studi empirik untuk menentukan model analisis terhadap kepuasan pelanggan. Faktor yang mempengaruhi kepercayaan pelanggan untuk bertransaksi secara online yaitu pengetahuan konsumen terhadap e-commerce, reputasi penjual, resiko dalam transaksi, kemudahan penggunaan e-commerce, jaminan sistem, sikap/perilaku terhadap sistem dan sistem keamanan. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah masyarakat Provinsi Bali menggunakan metode purposive sampling dan snowball sampling dengan kriteria responden pernah berkunjung dan melakukan transaksi di e-commerce yang ada di Indonesia lebih dari 3 kali. Instrumen penelitian berupa kuesioner dengan data interval berskala 5 Likert. Instrumen terlebih dahulu diuji validitas isi dengan metode Robert Gregory, validitas empiris menggunakan rumus product moment, reliabilitas instrument menggunakan Cronbach’s Alpha, dan menghasilkan 59 pernyataan yang dapat digunakan untuk pengambilan data. Jumlah responden yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 126 responden. Teknik analisis data, pengujian hipotesis dan pengujian model menggunakan metode Structural Equation Modeling dengan bantuan aplikasi SPSS AMOS 21. Hasil penelitian ini melalui pengujian hipotesis menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan tentang situs e-commerce dan perlindungan keamanan berpengaruh negatif dan tidak signifikan terhadap kepercayaan pelanggan. Resiko, kemudahan e-commerce, jaminan sistem dan sistem keamanan bukan menjadi sesuatu yang penting untuk dipertimbangkan dalam meningkatkan kepercayaan pelanggan karena pengaruhnya tidak signifikan. Reputasi yang dirasakan dan sikap merupakan hal yang perlu diperhatikan dan paling berpengaruh terhadap kepercayaan pelanggan pelanggan. Hasil penelitian ini kemudian diuji menggunakan goodness of fit index dan menghasilkan bahwa model penelitian tersebut dapat diterima dan dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan keinginan pelanggan untuk bertransaksi online


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