Modeling of ZnZSM-5 deactivation during liquefied petroleum gas catalytic cracking in the presence of steam

2017 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 753-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bijan Barghi ◽  
Ramin Karimzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas

scholarly journals Conversion of Isoprenoid Oil by Catalytic Cracking and Hydrocracking over Nanoporous Hybrid Catalysts

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiyuki Kimura ◽  
Chen Liu ◽  
Xiaohong Li ◽  
Takaaki Maekawa ◽  
Sachio Asaoka
Keyword(s):  
Octane Number ◽  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Reaction Scheme ◽  
Major Product ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Hybrid Catalyst ◽  
Large Molecules ◽  
Hybrid Catalysts ◽  
Microalgae Oil ◽  
High Octane

In order to produce petroleum alternatives from biomass, a significant amount of research has been focused on oils from microalgae due to their origin, which would not affect food availability. Nanoporous hybrid catalysts composed ofnsAl2O3and zeolites have been proven to be very useful compared to traditional catalysts in hydrotreating (HT), hydrocracking (HC), and catalytic cracking (CC) of large molecules. To evaluate the reaction scheme and products from model isoprenoid compounds of microalgae oil, nanoporous hybrid catalyst technologies (CC:nsAl2O3/H-USY andnsAl2O3/H-GaAlMFI; HC: [Ni-Mo/γ-Al2O3]/nsAl2O3/H-beta) were studied. The major product from CC onnsAl2O3/H-USY was highly aromatic gasoline, while the product from HC was half-isoparaffinic/olefinic kerosene. Although more than 50 wt% of the products from HT/CC on the USY catalyst was liquefied petroleum gas due to overcracking, the product from HT/CC on the MFI catalyst was high-octane-number gasoline. Delightfully, the product from HT/HC was kerosene and its average number was 11, with more than 80 wt% being isoparaffinic. As a result, it was demonstrated that hydrotreating may convert isoprenoid oil from microalgae over nanoporous hybrid catalysts into a variety of products.

High-Throughput Screening of Catalytic Materials for JP-8 Fuel Cracking to Liquefied Petroleum Gas

2012 ◽  
Vol 1425 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Bedenbaugh ◽  
Jangam Ashok ◽  
Andrew Chien ◽  
Sungtak Kim ◽  
Shahriar Salim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Noble Metals ◽  
Catalyst Support ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Catalytic Support ◽  
Portable Power ◽  
Catalytic Materials ◽  
Novel Catalyst

ABSTRACTA high-throughput methodology is applied for the discovery and optimization of novel catalyst formulations to convert readily available hydrocarbon-based JP-8 fuel directly into a lighter hydrocarbon product suitable for portable power applications utilizing LPG-powered fuel cells. In addition to catalytic cracking challenges, JP-8 cracking poses other challenges including high sulfur content (up to 3,000 ppmw) and significant concentration of aromatics, which are precursors to coking. An existing 16-channel high-throughput reactor system was modified for the JP-8 catalytic cracking studies. The catalyst support material was of primary importance in determining cracking activity. Alumina-based catalytic materials demonstrate the greatest activity for conversion of JP-8 to LPG during catalytic cracking at reactor temperatures above 600°C. This is attributed to the importance of acidic reaction sites within the structure of the catalytic support. The addition of noble metals to the alumina-based materials does not yield significant improvements in JP-8 conversion.

Fluidized Catalytic Cracking Catalyst Microstructure as Determined by A Scanning Ion Microprobe

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-303
Author(s):  
J.K. Lampert ◽  
G.S. Koermer ◽  
J.M. Macaoy ◽  
J.M. Chabala ◽  
R. Levi-Setti
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Ion Microprobe ◽  
Fluidized Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Ion Probe ◽  
Silica Alumina ◽  
Resolution Imaging ◽  
The University ◽  
High Spatial Resolution Imaging

We have used high spatial resolution imaging secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) to differentiate mineralogical phases and to investigate chemical segregations in fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst particles. The oil industry relies on heterogeneous catalysis using these catalysts to convert heavy hydrocarbon fractions into high quality gasoline and fuel oil components. Catalyst performance is strongly influenced by catalyst microstructure and composition, with different chemical reactions occurring at specific types of sites within the particle. The zeolitic portions of the particle, where the majority of the oil conversion occurs, can be clearly distinguished from the surrounding silica-alumina matrix in analytical SIMS images.The University of Chicago scanning ion microprobe (SIM) employed in this study has been described previously. For these analyses, the instrument was operated with a 40 keV, 10 pA Ga+ primary ion probe focused to a 30 nm FWHM spot. Elemental SIMS maps were obtained from 10×10 μm2 areas in times not exceeding 524s.

An analytical microscopic study of metals in fluidized catalytic cracking catalyst

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 854-855
Author(s):  
Clifford S. Rainey
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Catalyst Deactivation ◽  
Coke Formation ◽  
Acid Sites ◽  
Y Zeolite ◽  
Fcc Catalyst ◽  
Fluidized Catalytic Cracking ◽  
High Regeneration

The spatial distribution of V and Ni deposited within fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst is studied because these metals contribute to catalyst deactivation. Y zeolite in FCC microspheres are high SiO2 aluminosilicates with molecular-sized channels that contain a mixture of lanthanoids. They must withstand high regeneration temperatures and retain acid sites needed for cracking of hydrocarbons, a process essential for efficient gasoline production. Zeolite in combination with V to form vanadates, or less diffusion in the channels due to coke formation, may deactivate catalyst. Other factors such as metal "skins", microsphere sintering, and attrition may also be involved. SEM of FCC fracture surfaces, AEM of Y zeolite, and electron microscopy of this work are developed to better understand and minimize catalyst deactivation.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMBUSTION CHAMBER OF GAS ENGINE, CONVERTED ON THE BASIS OF DIESELS D-120 OR D-144 ENGINES TO WORK FOR ON LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS

2019 ◽  
pp. 2-8
Author(s):  
Serhii Kovalov
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Motor Fuel ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Gas Engine ◽  
Chamber Volume ◽  
Motor Fuels ◽  
Dynamic Cycle

The expediency of using vehicles of liquefied petroleum gas as a motor fuel, as com-pared with traditional liquid motor fuels, in particular with diesel fuel, is shown. The advantages of converting diesel engines into gas ICEs with forced ignition with respect to conversion into gas diesel engines are substantiated. The analysis of methods for reducing the compression ratio in diesel engines when converting them into gas ICEs with forced ignition has been carried out. It is shown that for converting diesel engines into gas ICEs with forced ignition, it is advisable to use the Otto thermo-dynamic cycle with a decrease in the geometric degree of compression. The choice is grounded and an open combustion chamber in the form of an inverted axisymmetric “truncated cone” is developed. The proposed shape of the combustion chamber of a gas internal combustion engine for operation in the LPG reduces the geometric compression ratio of D-120 and D-144 diesel engines with an unseparated spherical combustion chamber, which reduces the geometric compression ratio from ε = 16,5 to ε = 9,4. The developed form of the combustion chamber allows the new diesel pistons or diesel pistons which are in operation to be in operation to be refined, instead of making special new gas pistons and to reduce the geometric compression ratio of diesel engines only by increasing the combustion chamber volume in the piston. This method of reducing the geometric degree of compression using conventional lathes is the most technologically advanced and cheap, as well as the least time consuming. Keywords: self-propelled chassis SSh-2540, wheeled tractors, diesel engines D-120 and D-144, gas engine with forced ignition, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), compression ratio of the internal com-bustion engine, vehicles operating in the LPG.

Analysis of LPG diffusion flame in tube type burner

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 5278-5293
Author(s):  
Vipul Patel ◽  
Rupesh Shah
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Flame ◽  
Emission Characteristic ◽  
Flame Stability ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Length Fraction ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Tube Type ◽  
Stability Limits ◽  
Co Emission

The present research aims to analyse diffusion flame in a tube type burner with Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as a fuel. An experimental investigation is performed to study flame appearance, flame stability, Soot free length fraction (SFLF) and CO emission of LPG diffusion flame. Effects of varying air and fuel velocities are analysed to understand the physical process involved in combustion. SFLF is measured to estimate the reduction of soot. Stability limits of the diffusion flame are characterized by the blowoff velocity. Emission characteristic in terms of CO level is measured at different equivalence ratios. Experimental results show that the air and fuel velocity strongly influences the appearance of LPG diffusion flame. At a constant fuel velocity, blue zone increases and the luminous zone decreases with the increase in air velocity. It is observed that the SFLF increases with increasing air velocity at a constant fuel velocity. It is observed that the blowoff velocity of the diffusion flame increases as fuel velocity increases. Comparison of emission for flame with and without swirl indicates that swirl results in low emission of CO and higher flame stability. Swirler with 45° vanes achieved the lowest CO emission of 30 ppm at Φ = 1.3.

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