scholarly journals Fertility Intentions in Times of Rising Economic Uncertainty: Evidence from Italy from a Gender Perspective

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Novelli ◽  
Alberto Cazzola ◽  
Aurora Angeli ◽  
Lucia Pasquini
Keyword(s):  
Great Recession ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Fertility Intentions ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Economic Uncertainty ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Italian Women ◽  
The Individual

AbstractThis study analyses the socio-economic determinants of the short-term fertility plans of Italian women and men living as couples, before and shortly after the onset of the 2007/2008 Great Recession, which may have affected their reproductive plans through a climate of rising economic uncertainty. Using multilevel models, we investigate how fertility intentions are related to the individual characteristics of the respondents and their partners as well as to changes in the economic context. The findings confirm that the Great Recession modified the determinants of short-term fertility intentions differently for women and men. Among the most relevant issues, we outline the importance of couples’ working conditions and the contextual labour market indicators.

scholarly journals Relationship between Symptoms in Women with Endometriosis and Lifestyles: a Qualitative Interview Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 178-183
Author(s):  
M. Scavone ◽  
C. Gizzi ◽  
E. Albi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Uterine Cavity ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Quality Of Sleep ◽  
Qualitative Interview Study ◽  
Italian Women ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Reproductive Aged Women

AbstractEndometriosis is a common condition that affects reproductive-aged women and is characterized by the presence of endo-metrial tissue outside the uterine cavity with nodules and lesions. The study aimed to analyze lifestyles of women affected by endometriosis in relation with their symptoms. In this observational study, 735 Italian women have been interviewed online through a questionnaire structured in two parts. The first part was mainly anamnestic, focused on gathering information about the age, the stage of disease, comorbidities, involved organs, symptomatology, chirurgical treatment, induced menopause. The second part focused on the individual characteristics and lifestyle of the patients such as the body mass index, physical activity, quality of sleep, and the diet. The results showed how a healthy diet and a regular physical activity reduce drastically the symptoms of the patients.

scholarly journals Development of a Machine-Learning Model of Short-Term Prognostic Prediction for Spinal Stenosis Surgery in Korean Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 764
Author(s):  
Kyeong-Rae Kim ◽  
Hyeun Sung Kim ◽  
Jae-Eun Park ◽  
Seung-Yeon Kang ◽  
So-Young Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Spinal Stenosis ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Learning Technology ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Korean Patients ◽  
Patient Prognosis ◽  
Prognostic Prediction ◽  
The Individual

Background: In this study, based on machine-learning technology, we aim to develop a predictive model of the short-term prognosis of Korean patients who received spinal stenosis surgery. Methods: Using the data obtained from 112 patients with spinal stenosis admitted at N hospital from February to November, 2019, a predictive analysis was conducted for the pain index, reoperation, and surgery time. Results: Results show that the predicted area under the curve was 0.803, 0.887, and 0.896 for the pain index, reoperation, and surgery time, respectively, thereby indicating the accuracy of the model. Conclusion: This study verified that the individual characteristics of the patient and treatment characteristics during surgery enable a prediction of the patient prognosis and validate the accuracy of the approach. Further studies should be conducted to extend the scope of this research by incorporating a larger and more accurate dataset.

scholarly journals A Clinical Economy of Speculation: Financial Trading and Gambling Disorder in Spain

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Núñez
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
Gambling Disorder ◽  
Problem Gambler ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Financial Trading ◽  
Financial Speculation ◽  
The Individual

This article concerns itself with financial traders in Spain who have been diagnosed with gambling disorder. It analyzes what I call the clinical economy of speculation, in which the category of problem gambler is repurposed to draw new lines around proper financial trading. In exploring the expansion of post–financial crisis regulatory mechanisms for credit and debt, as well as widening inequalities across the field of investment, I depict how both traders and clinicians become invested in medicalizing trading as gambling disorder. My theorizing interrogates whether and why common speculative practices are seen as sick and unsafe when everyday people, instead of banks and other financial institutions, perform them. I argue that the pathologized trader is an attempt to regulate, at the individual level, the increasing use of borrowed capital to make financial profits. The commodification of debt, however, is not a gender-neutral development. Female traders pay a greater price for venturing into the heights of finance. This focus on gender brings into view the redefinition of credit and debt within the domain of trading, and shows the role of debt-fueled financial speculation in the expansion of financial markets. These ethnographic findings are particularly relevant in a country like Spain, where the Great Recession has bred more new millionaires than ever before, even as the smaller fish of the economy are being medicalized and sometimes even incarcerated.

In the Wake of the Great Recession: Economic Uncertainty, Communication, and Biological Stress Responses in Families

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Afifi ◽  
Sharde Davis ◽  
Anne F. Merrill ◽  
Samantha Coveleski ◽  
Amanda Denes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Recession ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Economic Uncertainty ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Biological Stress

scholarly journals Health Care Use, Out-of-Pocket Expenditure, and Macroeconomic Conditions during the Great Recession

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Du ◽  
Takeshi Yagihashi
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
Health Care Use ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Program Participation ◽  
Consumer Expenditure ◽  
Macroeconomic Conditions ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
The Individual

Abstract We study how macroeconomic conditions during the Great Recession affected health care utilization and out-of-pocket expenditures of American households. We use two data sources: the Consumer Expenditure (CE) Survey and the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP); each has its own advantages. The CE contains quarterly frequency variables, and the SIPP provides panel data at the individual level. Consistent evidence across the two datasets shows that utilization of routine medical care was counter-cyclical, whereas hospital care was pro-cyclical during the Great Recession. When we examine the pre-recession period, the relationship between macroeconomic conditions and health care use was either non-existent or in opposite directions, suggesting that this relationship may have been unique to the Great Recession.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Great Recession on Perceived Immigrant Threat: A Cross-National Study of 22 Countries

Societies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joonghyun Kwak ◽  
Michael Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Great Recession ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
National Study ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Important Interaction ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Threat Theory

In an increasingly globalized world, anti-immigrant sentiment has become more prevalent. Competitive threat theory suggests that anti-immigrant attitudes increase when adverse economic circumstances intensify competition with immigrants for scarce resources, but past studies using this approach are inconclusive. In this study, we investigate the impact of the Great Recession on perceived immigrant threat—an index of seven items measuring attitudes toward immigrants—using the 2013 International Social Survey Program survey. Using multilevel models, we analyze responses from 18,433 respondents nested within 22 countries. We create a country-level measure of the Great Recession Index comprised of four dimensions—the housing crash, the financial crisis, economic decline, and employment loss—and assess its impact on perceived immigrant threat. After controlling for a variety of individual-level and country-level covariates, we find that the Great Recession is positively associated with perceived immigrant threat. We also identify important interaction effects between the Great Recession Index and change in government expenditures, age, educational levels, citizenship, and urbanization. The study contributes to competitive threat theory by showing the effect of the Great Recession in exacerbating anti-immigrant sentiment.

scholarly journals Social integration of people with a migration background in Swiss sport clubs: A cross-level analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 101269022110229
Author(s):  
Matthias Buser ◽  
Jenny A Zwahlen ◽  
Torsten Schlesinger ◽  
Siegfried Nagel
Keyword(s):  
Social Integration ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Migration Background ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Social Closure ◽  
Sport Clubs ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Individual

Sport clubs are considered an ideal setting for the social integration of people with a migration background. However, they can also be a place of social closure practices, where assimilative ideas and ethnic boundaries are present. Besides the individual characteristics of the members, adequate club organizational structures are relevant for preventing social closure and facilitating social integration. Thus, the role of organizational structures for social integration might differ between natives and people with a migration background. Based on data from 42 Swiss sport clubs and 780 sport club members, with and without a migration background, we analyzed individual (migration background and membership biography) and structural factors (situational, club goals, and club culture) using multilevel models and tested cross-level interactions between structural variables and migration background. The results reveal that membership biography (e.g. membership duration and volunteering) and migration background are relevant for social integration. The estimated cross-level effects reveal that, unlike for natives and second-generation people with a migration background, structural conditions are especially relevant for first-generation people with a migration background. For example, social integration increases with a higher proportion of people with a migration background in the club or a less assimilative club culture.

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