Cytotoxic, clonal fidelity, and antioxidant evaluation of in vitro propagated Vitex negundo var. cannabifolia

Pergularia daemia belongs to the family Asclepiadaceae, known to have anticancer, anti-inflammatory activity. Aim of the present study was to evaluate qualitative and quantitative phytochemical and antioxidant properties of ethanolic extracts of leaf, stem and root parts of P. daemia . Preliminary phytochemical analysis and in vitro antioxidant properties were evaluated by standard methods. The qualitative phytochemical analysis of P. daemia showed presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloid, phytosterol, carbohydrate, phenol, saponin, glycosides, terpenoids, steroids proteins and reducing sugars. Quantitative analysis showed polyphenol, flavonoid, flavonone, flavone and flavonol in P. daemia leaves, stem and root in considerable quantity. The in vitro antioxidant activity of P. daemia clearly demonstrated that leaf, stem and root parts have prominent antioxidant properties and was effective in scavenging free radicals.

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Micro-Structural Stability of Micropropagated Plants of Vitex negundo L.

Microscopy and Microanalysis ◽

10.1017/s1431927621000283 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

M. Manokari ◽

S. Priyadharshini ◽

Mahipal S. Shekhawat

Keyword(s):

Structural Changes ◽

Growth Conditions ◽

Culture Industry ◽

Vascular Bundles ◽

Vitex Negundo ◽

Structural Variations ◽

Structural Repair ◽

Micropropagated Plants ◽

Palisade Cells

Abstract Micropropagation techniques allow producing large numbers of clones of genetically identical plants. However, there is evidence of disorders in internal structures due to sophisticated in vitro conditions. Such variations are responsible for the mortality of plantlets in the field and cause huge loss to the tissue culture industry. Anatomical evaluation at different growth conditions allows for understanding structural repair of in vitro raised plantlets. Therefore, the present study was aimed to identify the structural changes that occurred in micropropagated plants of Vitex negundo under heterotrophic, photomixotrophic, and photoautotrophic conditions. To achieve this, structural variations were analyzed in the plantlets obtained from in vitro, greenhouse and field transferred stages using light microscopy. Underdeveloped dermal tissues, palisade cells, intercellular spaces, mechanical tissues, vascular bundles, and ground tissues were observed with the plants growing under in vitro conditions. The self-repairing of structural disorders and transitions in vegetative anatomy was observed during hardening under the greenhouse environment. Field transferred plantlets were characterized by well-developed internal anatomy. These findings showed that the micropropagated plantlets of V. negundo were well-adapted through a series of self-repairing the in vitro induced structural abnormalities at the subsequent stages of plant development.

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Enhancement of Antioxidant and Hydrophobic Properties of Alginate via Aromatic Derivatization: Preparation, Characterization, and Evaluation

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13152575 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (15) ◽

pp. 2575

Author(s):

Smaher M. Elbayomi ◽

Haili Wang ◽

Tamer M. Tamer ◽

Yezi You

Keyword(s):

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Hydroxyl Group ◽

Hydroxyl Groups ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Benzoyl Group ◽

Antioxidant Evaluation ◽

Thermo Stability

The preparation of bioactive polymeric molecules requires the attention of scientists as it has a potential function in biomedical applications. In the current study, functional substitution of alginate with a benzoyl group was prepared via coupling its hydroxyl group with benzoyl chloride. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated the characteristic peaks of aromatic C=C in alginate derivative at 1431 cm−1. HNMR analysis demonstrated the aromatic protons at 7.5 ppm assigned to benzoyl groups attached to alginate hydroxyl groups. Wetting analysis showed a decrease in hydrophilicity in the new alginate derivative. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermal gravimetric analysis showed that the designed aromatic alginate derivative demonstrated higher thermo-stability than alginates. The aromatic alginate derivative displayed high anti-inflammatory properties compared to alginate. Finally, the in vitro antioxidant evaluation of the aromatic alginate derivative showed a significant increase in free radical scavenging activity compared to neat alginate against DPPH (2,2-diphenyll-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS free radicals. The obtained results proposed that the new alginate derivative could be employed for gene and drug delivery applications.

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