A General Strategy for the Design of New Solid Catalysts for Environmentally Benign Conversions

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 1630-1639 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Meurig Thomas ◽  
Juan Carlos Hernandez-Garrido ◽  
Robert G. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
General Strategy ◽  
Solid Catalysts

ChemInform Abstract: A General Strategy for the Design of New Solid Catalysts for Environmentally Benign Conversions

ChemInform ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (21) ◽  
pp. no-no
Author(s):  
John Meurig Thomas ◽  
Juan Carlos Hernandez-Garrido ◽  
Robert G. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
General Strategy ◽  
Solid Catalysts

Biodiesel Production Using Mixed Solid Catalysts

2013 ◽  
Vol 824 ◽  
pp. 451-458
Author(s):  
A.K. Temu
Keyword(s):  
Active Sites ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Continuous Processes ◽  
Solid Catalysts ◽  
Base Catalysts ◽  
Astm D6751

One of the disadvantages of homogeneous base catalysts in biodiesel production is that they cannot be reused or regenerated because they are consumed in the reaction. Besides, homogeneous catalysed process is not environmentally friendly because a lot of waste water is produced in the separation step. Unlike homogeneous, heterogeneous catalysts are environmentally benign, can be reused and regenerated, and could be operated in continuous processes, thus providing a promising option for biodiesel production. This paper presents catalytic activity of single and mixed solid catalysts in production of biodiesel from palm oil using methanol as well as ethanol at atmospheric pressure. The catalysts used are CaO, K2CO3, Al2O3, and CaO/K2CO3, CaO/Al2O3, K2CO3/Al2O3 mixtures. Results show that methanol is a better reactant with biodiesel yield ranging from 48 to 96.5% while ethanol gives yields ranging from 20 to 95.2%. The yield data for single catalysts range from 20 to 89.2% while that for mixed catalysts range from 52 to 96.5% indicating improvement in the activity by mixing the catalysts. The study also shows that biodiesel yield increases with catalyst loading which emphasizes the need for sufficient number of active sites. The properties of biodiesel produced compares well with ASTM D6751 and EN 14124 biodiesel standards.

Solid catalysts for environmentally benign synthesis

2022 ◽  
pp. 23-80
Author(s):  
Béla Török ◽  
Christian Schäfer ◽  
Anne Kokel
Keyword(s):  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Solid Catalysts ◽  
Benign Synthesis

Tandem catalytic conversion of glycerol using solid catalysts followed by transesterification to produce alkyl lactate

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (66) ◽  
pp. 53230-53239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoujie Ren ◽  
X. Philip Ye ◽  
Paul D. Ayers
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
Catalytic Conversion ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Solid Catalysts ◽  
Benign Process

An environmentally benign process for alkyl lactate production from glycerol using solid catalysts with alcohols and carbon dioxide.

scholarly journals Sustainable Biodiesel Synthesis from Honne-Rubber-Neem Oil Blend with a Novel Mesoporous Base Catalyst Synthesized from a Mixture of Three Agrowastes

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olayomi A. Falowo ◽  
Tunde V. Ojumu ◽  
Omoniyi Pereao ◽  
Eriola Betiku
Keyword(s):  
Edible Oils ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Base Catalyst ◽  
Solid Catalysts ◽  
Catalytic Potential ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Cocoa Pod Husk ◽  
Oil Blend

Application of solid catalysts synthesized from agricultural wastes provides an environmentally benign and low-cost process path to synthesize biodiesel. An ash containing an equal mixture of cocoa pod husk, plantain peel and kola nut pod husk ashes (CPK) was obtained by open combustion of each of the biomass in air and calcined at 500 °C for 4 h. The calcined CPK ash was characterized to determine its catalytic potential. Two-level transesterification technique was used to synthesize biodiesel using the developed catalyst. The process parameters involved were optimized for the microwave-aided transesterification of a blend of honne, rubber seed and neem oils in a volumetric ratio of 20:20:60, respectively. The study showed that the ash derived from combination of the biomass wastes provided a catalyst which consists all necessary catalytic ingredients in their relative abundance. The calcined CPK consists of 47.67% of potassium, 5.56% calcium and 4.21% magnesium attesting to its heterogenous status. The physisorption isotherms reveals that it was dominantly mesoporous in structure and made up of nanoparticles. A maximum of 98.45 wt.% biodiesel was obtained from a MeOH:oil blend of 12:1, CPK concentration of 1.158 wt.% and reaction time of 6 min under microwave irradiation. The quality of the synthesized biodiesel satisfied the requirements stipulated by standard specifications. Thus, this work demonstrates that a blend of agrowastes and mixtures of non-edible oils could be used to synthesize good quality and sustainable biodiesel that can replace fossil diesel.

Towards Systematization

1977 ◽  
Vol 16 (03) ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Reichertz
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
User Involvement ◽  
Empirical Science ◽  
Target System ◽  
General Strategy ◽  
System Construction ◽  
Formal Approach ◽  
Methodology Development ◽  
Planning Development

Data processing has become an important tool in theoretical and clinical medicine. The main categories of applications are : information analysis, (bio)signal processing and the field of information logistics (information systems).The problems encountered lie in the discrepancy of the basic methods of a formal approach to an empirical science, the complexity of the target system and the system ecology, i.e. the involvement of the user and the system environment during system construction and utilization.Possible solutions to these problems are the application of system techniques, inductive planning, development of medical methodology, development of methods and techniques for user involvement and assessment of motivation and education and educational planning.The necessary general strategy in the development in medical informatics is seen in the continuing systematization of the theoretical and practical approach. It is estimated that this will eventually contribute to the systematization of medical science and practice.

Tetraphenylbenzene-based AIEgens: the Horizontally Oriented Emitters for highly Efficient Non-doped Deep Blue OLEDs and Host for High-Performance Hybrid WOLEDs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengbo Han ◽  
Zeng Xu ◽  
Chengwei Lin ◽  
Dongge Ma ◽  
Anjun Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
General Strategy ◽  
Flat Panel Displays ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Horizontal Orientation ◽  
Deep Blue ◽  
Full Color ◽  
High Emission ◽  
White Oleds ◽  
Low Efficiency

Deep blue organic-emitting fluorophores are crucial for application in white lighting and full color flat-panel displays but emitters with high color quality and efficiency are rare. Herein, novel deep blue AIE luminogens (AIEgens) with various donor units and an acceptor of cyano substituted tetraphenylbenzene (TPB) cores were developed and used to fabricate non-doped deep blue and hybrid white organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Benefiting from its high emission efficiency and high proportion of horizontally oriented dipoles in the film state, the non-doped deep blue device based on CN-TPB-TPA realized a maximum external quantum efficiency 7.27%, with a low efficiency roll-off and CIE coordinates of (0.15, 0.08). Moreover, efficient two-color hybrid warm white OLEDs (CIE<sub>x,y</sub> = 0.43, 0.45) were achieved using CN-TPB-TPA as the blue-emitting layer and phosphor doped host, which realized maximum current, power, external quantum efficiencies 58.0 cd A<sup>-1</sup>, 60.7 lm W<sup>-1</sup> and 19.1%, respectively. This work provides a general strategy to achieve high performance, stable deep blue and hybrid white OLEDs by construction of AIEgens with excellent horizontal orientation

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