Study on the ecosystem services of urban forests: implications for climate change mitigation in the case of Adama City of Oromiya Regional Sate, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hingabu Hordofa Koricho ◽  
Ararsa Derese Seboka ◽  
Fekadu Fufa ◽  
Tikabo Gebreyesus ◽  
Shaoxian Song
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Urban Forests ◽  
Change Mitigation

scholarly journals Contribution of Ecosystem Services to Air Quality and Climate Change Mitigation Policies: The Case of Urban Forests in Barcelona, Spain

AMBIO ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 466-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesc Baró ◽  
Lydia Chaparro ◽  
Erik Gómez-Baggethun ◽  
Johannes Langemeyer ◽  
David J. Nowak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Urban Forests ◽  
Change Mitigation ◽  
Mitigation Policies

Climate Change and Conservation in Brazil: CGE Evaluation of Health and Wealth Impacts

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhrendu K. Pattanayak ◽  
Martin T. Ross ◽  
Brooks M. Depro ◽  
Simone C. Bauch ◽  
Christopher Timmins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Cge Modeling ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Change Mitigation

Abstract Ecosystem services are public goods that frequently constitute the only source of capital for the poor, who lack political voice. As a result, provision of ecosystem services is sub-optimal and estimation of their values is complicated. We examine how econometric estimation can feed computable general equilibrium (CGE) modeling to estimate health-related ecosystem values. Against a back drop of climate change, we analyze the Brazilian policy to expand National Forests (FLONAS) by 50 million hectares. Because these major environmental changes can generate spillovers in other sectors, we develop and use a CGE model that focuses on land and labor markets. Compared to climate change and deforestation in the baseline, the FLONAS scenario suggests relatively small declines in GDP, output (including agriculture) and other macro indicators. Urban households will experience declines in their welfare because they own most of the capital and land, which allows them to capture most of the deforestation benefits. In contrast, even though rural households have fewer opportunities for subsistence agriculture and face additional competition with other rural agricultural workers for more limited employment, their welfare improves due to health benefits from conservation of nearby forests. The efficiency vs. equity tradeoffs implied by the FLONAS scenario suggests that health-related ecosystem services will be underprovided if the rural poor are politically weaker than the urban rich. In conclusion, we briefly discuss the pros and cons of the CGE strategy for valuing ecosystem-mediated health benefits and evaluating contemporary policies on climate change mitigation.

scholarly journals The Utility of Sentinel-2 Spectral Data in Quantifying Above-Ground Carbon Stock in an Urban Reforested Landscape

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 4281
Author(s):  
Mthembeni Mngadi ◽  
John Odindi ◽  
Onisimo Mutanga
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Spectral Data ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Change Mitigation ◽  
Sentinel 2

The transformation of the natural landscape into an impervious surface due to urbanization has often been considered an important driver of environmental change, affecting essential urban ecological processes and ecosystem services. Continuous forest degradation and deforestation due to urbanization have led to an increase in atmospheric carbon emissions, risks, and impacts associated with climate change within urban landscapes and beyond them. Hence, urban reforestation has become a reliable long-term alternative for carbon sink and climate change mitigation. However, there is an urgent need for spatially accurate and concise quantification of these forest carbon stocks in order to understand and effectively monitor the accumulation and progress on such ecosystem services. Hence, this study sought to examine the prospect of Sentinel-2 spectral data in quantifying carbon stock in a reforested urban landscape using the random forest ensemble. Results show that Sentinel-2 spectral data estimated reforested forest carbon stock to an RMSE between 0.378 and 0.466 t·ha−1 and R2 of 79.82 and 77.96% using calibration and validation datasets. Based on random forest variable selection and backward elimination approaches, the red-edge normalized difference vegetation index, enhanced vegetation index, modified simple ratio index, and normalized difference vegetation index were the best subset of predictor variables of carbon stock. These findings demonstrate the value and prospects of Sentinel-2 spectral data for predicting carbon stock in reforested urban landscapes. This information is critical for adopting informed management policies and plans for optimizing urban reforested landscapes carbon sequestration capacity and improving their climate change mitigation potential.

scholarly journals Restoration of degraded grasslands, but not invasion by Prosopis juliflora, avoids trade-offs between climate change mitigation and other ecosystem services

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Purity Rima Mbaabu ◽  
Daniel Olago ◽  
Maina Gichaba ◽  
Sandra Eckert ◽  
René Eschen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Prosopis Juliflora ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Change Mitigation ◽  
Semi Arid

AbstractGrassland degradation and the concomitant loss of soil organic carbon is widespread in tropical arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Afforestation of degraded grassland, sometimes by using invasive alien trees, has been put forward as a legitimate climate change mitigation strategy. However, even in cases where tree encroachment of degraded grasslands leads to increased soil organic carbon, it may come at a high cost since the restoration of grassland-characteristic biodiversity and ecosystem services will be blocked. We assessed how invasion by Prosopis juliflora and restoration of degraded grasslands in a semi-arid region in Baringo, Kenya affected soil organic carbon, biodiversity and fodder availability. Thirty years of grassland restoration replenished soil organic carbon to 1 m depth at a rate of 1.4% per year and restored herbaceous biomass to levels of pristine grasslands, while plant biodiversity remained low. Invasion of degraded grasslands by P. juliflora increased soil organic carbon primarily in the upper 30 cm and suppressed herbaceous vegetation. We argue that, in contrast to encroachment by invasive alien trees, restoration of grasslands in tropical semi-arid regions can both serve as a measure for climate change mitigation and help restore key ecosystem services important for pastoralists and agro-pastoralist communities.

The economic value of fisheries, blue carbon, and nutrient cycling in global marine forests

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Matthius Eger ◽  
Ezequiel Marzinelli ◽  
Rodrigo Baes ◽  
Caitlin Blain ◽  
Laura Blamey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Blue Carbon ◽  
Kelp Forests ◽  
Marine Management ◽  
Change Mitigation

Underwater kelp forests have provided valuable ecosystem services for millennia. However, the global economic value of those services is largely unresolved. Kelp forests are also diminishing globally and efforts to manage these valuable resources are hindered without accurate estimates of the services kelp forests provide to society. We present the first global economic estimation of services - fisheries production, nutrient cycling, and carbon removal - provided by four major forest forming kelp genera (Macrocystis, Nereocystis, Ecklonia, and Laminaria). Each of these genera provides between $135,200 and $177,100/ ha/ year. Collectively, they contribute $684 billion/year worldwide. These values are primarily driven by fisheries and nitrogen removal, but kelp forests also have the potential to sequester 2.7 megatons of carbon from the atmosphere/year and may be considered blue carbon systems valuable for climate change mitigation. These findings highlight the value of kelp forests to society and will enable informed marine management decisions.

scholarly journals The role of forests and protected areas in climate change mitigation: a review and critique of the ecosystem services and REDD+ approaches

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabricio Scarpeta Matheus
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Change Mitigation

Emissões de gases de efeito estufa estão entre os principais impactos causados pelos humanos no planeta e estão diretamente ligados às mudanças climáticas. Emissões por desmatamento são reconhecidas como a segunda maior causa de emissão desses gases, contribuindo com 20% de CO2 equivalente liberado na atmosfera em 2010. Uma das principais estratégias adotadas internacionalmente para reduzir o desmatamento e a degradação florestal, e que atualmente vem ganhando importância para a mitigação das mudanças climáticas, é a implantação de áreas protegidas. O paradigma atual de gestão de áreas protegidas é baseado em instrumentos de mercado, exemplificado pelas inciativas de REDD+ e pagamentos de serviços ambientais. Porém, críticos dessa perspectiva argumentam que ela é diretamente influenciada pelo neoliberalismo e privilegia a acumulação de capital à conservação do meio ambiente. Por meio de uma análise crítica da literatura existente, o presente artigo sugere que áreas protegidas são uma estratégia eficiente para a redução do desmatamento, porém é ainda insuficiente e precisa ser acompanhada de ações complementares para o controle de territórios fora de áreas protegidas, que evitem o redirecionamento de atividades ilegais.

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