Flowering phenology and reproduction of a forest understorey plant species in response to the local environment

Observations were made in 1994 and 1995 in Hertfordshire of the flowering phenology and attractiveness to beneficial insects of two commercial mixtures of flowering plants intended for set-aside land. These were the Tübingen Mixture from Germany and Ascot Linde SN from the Netherlands. The mixtures were visited by 14 species of Hymenoptera, 14 species of syrphid Diptera and six species of Lepidoptera. Although the mixtures contained 12 and five plant species respectively, Phacelia tanacetifolia was the dominant species to establish, flower and attract insects in both mixtures. The other plants contributed little to flower density or insect diversity. These mixtures are therefore not suitable for UK needs using the present proportions of plant species.

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The functional morphology of light capture and carbon gain in the Redwood forest understorey plant Adenocaulon bicolor Hook

Functional Ecology ◽

10.1046/j.1365-2435.1998.00234.x ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 543-552 ◽

Cited By ~ 73

Author(s):

R. W. Pearcy ◽

W. Yang

Keyword(s):

Functional Morphology ◽

Carbon Gain ◽

Forest Understorey ◽

Redwood Forest ◽

Light Capture ◽

Understorey Plant

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Nonlinear flowering responses to climate: are species approaching their limits of phenological change?

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rstb.2012.0489 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 368 (1624) ◽

pp. 20120489 ◽

Cited By ~ 81

Author(s):

Amy M. Iler ◽

Toke T. Høye ◽

David W. Inouye ◽

Niels M. Schmidt

Keyword(s):

Regression Model ◽

Plant Species ◽

Plant Communities ◽

Nonlinear Regression ◽

Interannual Variation ◽

Flowering Phenology ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Rate Of Change ◽

Nonlinear Regression Model

Many alpine and subalpine plant species exhibit phenological advancements in association with earlier snowmelt. While the phenology of some plant species does not advance beyond a threshold snowmelt date, the prevalence of such threshold phenological responses within plant communities is largely unknown. We therefore examined the shape of flowering phenology responses (linear versus nonlinear) to climate using two long-term datasets from plant communities in snow-dominated environments: Gothic, CO, USA (1974–2011) and Zackenberg, Greenland (1996–2011). For a total of 64 species, we determined whether a linear or nonlinear regression model best explained interannual variation in flowering phenology in response to increasing temperatures and advancing snowmelt dates. The most common nonlinear trend was for species to flower earlier as snowmelt advanced, with either no change or a slower rate of change when snowmelt was early (average 20% of cases). By contrast, some species advanced their flowering at a faster rate over the warmest temperatures relative to cooler temperatures (average 5% of cases). Thus, some species seem to be approaching their limits of phenological change in response to snowmelt but not temperature. Such phenological thresholds could either be a result of minimum springtime photoperiod cues for flowering or a slower rate of adaptive change in flowering time relative to changing climatic conditions.

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IMPACT OF CLIMATIC VARIATIONS ON THE FLOWERING PHENOLOGY OF PLANT SPECIES IN JHELUM DISTRICT, PUNJAB, PAKISTAN

Applied Ecology and Environmental Research ◽

10.15666/aeer/1905_33433376 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (5) ◽

pp. 3343-3376

Author(s):

M. MAJEED ◽

K.H. BHATTI ◽

M.S. AMJAD

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Flowering Phenology ◽

Climatic Variations

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Flowering phenology and pollination of ornithophilous species in two habitats of Serra da Bodoquena, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências ◽

10.1590/s0001-37652010000400006 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 82 (4) ◽

pp. 843-855 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Rogério R. Faria ◽

Andréa C. Araújo

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Deciduous Forest ◽

Food Resource ◽

Flowering Phenology ◽

Floral Biology ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Plant Guild ◽

Floral Resource ◽

Main Food Source ◽

Representative Family

The aim of this study is to describe interactions between hummingbirds and ornithophilous species at Serra da Bodoquena in midwest Brazil, with focus on flowering phenology and pollination of these plant species. In two habitats, gallery forest and semi-deciduous forest, data on flowering phenology of ornithophilous species were collected monthly over 14 months. In addition, data on morphology and floral biology, as well as visitor frequency and hummingbird behavior, were recorded. The studied community contained eight ornithophilous plant species and six hummingbird species. The ornithophilous species flowered throughout the year, and the greatest abundance of flowers was at the end of the rainy season and the beginning of the dry one. The herit huingbird Phaethornis pretrei and feales of Thalurania furcata, were the most similar in floral resource use. Acanthaceae is the most representative family of ornithophilous plant species in Serra da Bodoquena and, thus, represents the main food source for hummingbirds. Ruellia angustiflora is especially important because it flowers continuously throughout the year and is a significant food resource for P. pretrei, which is the main visitor for this plant guild.

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The Timing and Patterning of Flowering

Pollination and Floral Ecology ◽

10.23943/princeton/9780691128610.003.0021 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Pat Willmer

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Success ◽

Plant Species ◽

Flowering Phenology ◽

Flowering Period ◽

Flower Longevity ◽

Pollen Transfer ◽

Flowering Pattern ◽

Floral Longevity ◽

Pollen Receipt

This chapter examines the factors that affect the timing and patterning of flowering, as well as the effects of different flowering patterns on pollination outcomes. Plants should flower in ways that maximize their own reproductive success. The “flowering pattern” is a composite of the timing and frequency of individual flowers opening, and also of floral longevity. These phenological factors vary between and within species. Flowering phenology can influence the plant’s manipulation of its visitors in ways that should increase either or both of pollen transfer and pollen receipt. The chapter first considers the frequency of flowering and the shape of the flowering period before discussing flower longevity and flowering period. It also explores the question of how big a flower should be, how many flowers a plant should have at any one time, what determines the phenological parameters for a particular plant species, and where the flowers should be placed.

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