Improvements in Urban Air Quality: Case Studies from New York State, USA

Academies and academy students increased substantially in number during the period from the American Revolution to the Civil War. Why? Who were these students and what did academy attendance mean to them? Theodore R. Sizer asked these questions in 1964, but his ability to answer them was limited by the absence of studies that focused on academy students. In this essay I reexamine Sizer's understanding of academies in light of evidence provided by subsequent studies of student populations. These studies include my own comparative analysis of data from nearly 500 Regents academies that operated in New York State between 1835 and 1890, as well as in-depth case studies of individual institutions by myself and others.

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The shift to knowledge-intensive production in the plastics-processing industry and its implications for infrastructure development: three case studies— New York State, England and Israel

Research Policy ◽

10.1016/0048-7333(95)00832-2 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 163-179 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

A Tamar Yinnon

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Case Studies ◽

New York State ◽

Infrastructure Development ◽

Processing Industry ◽

York State ◽

Intensive Production ◽

Plastics Processing ◽

Knowledge Intensive

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COVID-19 in New York state: Effects of demographics and air quality on infection and fatality

10.1101/2021.02.22.21252262 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sumona Mondal ◽

Chaya Chaipitakporn ◽

Vijay Kumar ◽

Bridget Wangler ◽

Supraja Gurajala ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Air Quality ◽

Infection Rate ◽

Environmental Variables ◽

Strong Association ◽

New York State ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Mitigation Strategies ◽

York State ◽

Direct Location

ABSTRACTThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had a global impact that has been unevenly distributed amongst and, even within countries. Multiple demographic and environmental factors have been associated with the risk of COVID-19 spread and fatality, including age, gender, ethnicity, poverty, and air quality among others. However, specific contributions of these factors are yet to be understood. Here, we attempted to explain the variability in infection, death, and fatality rates by understanding the contributions of a few selected factors. We compared the incidence of COVID-19 in New York State (NYS) counties during the first wave of infection and analyzed how different demographic and environmental variables associate with the variation observed across the counties. We observed that the two important COVID-19 metrics of infection rates and death rates to be well correlated, and both metrics being highest in counties located near New York City, considered one of the epicenters of the infection in the US. In contrast, disease fatality was found to be highest in a different set of counties despite registering a low infection rate. To investigate this apparent discrepancy, we divided the counties into three clusters based on COVID-19 infection, death rate, or fatality, and compared the differences in the demographic and environmental variables such as ethnicity, age, population density, poverty, temperature, and air quality in each of these clusters. Furthermore, a regression model built on this data reveals PM2.5 and distance from the epicenter are significant risk factors for high infection rate, while disease fatality has a strong association with age and PM2.5. Our results demonstrate, for the NYS, distinct contributions of old age, PM2.5, ethnicity these factors to the overall COVID-19 burden and highlight the detrimental impact of poor air quality. These results could help design and direct location-specific control and mitigation strategies.

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Asthma Prevalence, Management, and Education in New York State Elementary Schools: A Survey of School Nurses

The Journal of School Nursing ◽

10.1177/10598405070230050501 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 23 (5) ◽

pp. 267-275 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Christine Kielb ◽

Shao Lin ◽

Syni-an Hwang

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Elementary Schools ◽

Air Quality ◽

Indoor Air Quality ◽

Indoor Air ◽

New York State ◽

Asthma Management ◽

School Nurses ◽

Urgent Care ◽

York State

A survey of school nurses was conducted in New York State elementary schools to assess asthma and asthma management in students. The survey contained questions about asthma morbidity, management and education, obstacles to management, and school indoor air quality. The reported prevalence of asthma among students was 8.5%. Of the students with asthma, 64% visited the health office, 26% were absent from school, 20% had physical limitations, and 7% needed urgent care. Only 28% had a written management plan at school, less than 25% of schools used asthma self-management programs, and obstacles to management included lack of time and funding. More than 25% rated school indoor air quality as “fair” or “poor.” Schools need to adopt key components of asthma management, and school nurses should be encouraged to work with others in the school setting to address indoor air quality problems that might be affecting health.

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