Assessment of 5G as an ambient signal for outdoor backscattering communications

Wireless Networks ◽

10.1007/s11276-021-02731-x ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ritayan Biswas ◽

Jukka Lempiäinen

Keyword(s):

Frequency Domain ◽

Ray Tracing ◽

Network Topology ◽

Implementation Strategies ◽

Small Cell ◽

Line Of Sight ◽

Radio Network ◽

Rural Highway ◽

Radar Equation ◽

Macro Cellular

AbstractThe aim of this article is to evaluate the applicability of 5G technology as a possible ambient signal for backscattering communications (AmBC). This evaluation considers both urban macro-cellular, small cell as well as rural highway environments. The simulations are performed in outdoor areas including analysis about 5G implementation strategies in different scenarios. Essential aspects of 5G radio network topology such as frequency domain (3.5 GHz and 26 GHz) and antenna locations (offering line-of-sight, LOS) are highlighted and turned to applicability scenarios with AmBC. The LOS scenarios are evaluated to determine the widest applicability area of 5G for AmBC. Typical AmBC applications are studied including collection of data from several sensors to receivers. Evaluation of the applicability of 5G was based on propagation related simulations and calculations utilising the ray tracing technique and the radar equation. The results demonstrate that 5G can be used as an ambient signal for backscattering communications for short ranges for typical sensor sizes. It is also observed that the range of communication is heavily dependent on the the size of the sensor.

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A Ray-Tracing Technique to Characterize GPS Multipath in the Frequency Domain

International Journal of Navigation and Observation ◽

10.1155/2015/983124 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Naveen S. Gowdayyanadoddi ◽

James T. Curran ◽

Ali Broumandan ◽

Gérard Lachapelle

Keyword(s):

Frequency Domain ◽

Ray Tracing ◽

Multipath Propagation ◽

Doppler Frequency ◽

Real Data ◽

Frequency Difference ◽

Line Of Sight ◽

Gps Measurements ◽

Sources Of Error ◽

Non Line Of Sight

Multipath propagation is one of the major sources of error in GPS measurements. In this research, a ray-tracing technique is proposed to study the frequency domain characteristics of multipath propagation. The Doppler frequency difference, also known as multipath phase rate and fading frequency, between direct (line-of-sight, LOS) and reflected (non-line-of-sight, NLOS) signals is studied as a function of satellite elevation and azimuth, as well as distance between the reflector and the static receiver. The accuracy of the method is verified with measured Doppler differences from real data collected in a downtown environment. The use of ray-tracing derived predicted Doppler differences in a receiver, as a means of alleviating the multipath induced errors in the measurement, is presented and discussed.

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Channel Impulse Response at 60 GHz and Impact of Electrical Parameters Properties on Ray Tracing Validations

Electronics ◽

10.3390/electronics10040393 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 393

Author(s):

Huthaifa Obeidat ◽

Atta Ullah ◽

Ali AlAbdullah ◽

Waqas Manan ◽

Omar Obeidat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrical Properties ◽

Ray Tracing ◽

Impulse Response ◽

Line Of Sight ◽

Indoor Propagation ◽

60 Ghz ◽

Environment Design ◽

Electrical Parameters ◽

Concrete Walls ◽

Properties Of Materials

This paper outlines a study of the effect of changing the electrical properties of materials when applied in the Wireless InSite (WI) ray-tracing software. The study was performed at 60 GHz in an indoor propagation environment and supported by Line of Sight (LoS) and Non-LoS measurements data. The study also investigates other factors that may affect the WI sensitivity, including antenna dimensions, antenna pattern, and accuracy of the environment design. In the experiment, single and double reflections from concrete walls and wooden doors are analysed. Experimental results were compared to those obtained from simulation using the WI. It was found that materials selected from the literature should be similar to those of the environment under study in order to have accurate results. WI was found to have an acceptable performance provided certain conditions are met.

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Line of Sight Procedure for Dijkstra-Algorithm Based Ray-Tracing

Advances on Broad-Band Wireless Computing, Communication and Applications - Lecture Notes on Data Engineering and Communications Technologies ◽

10.1007/978-3-319-69811-3_66 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 741-753

Author(s):

Kazunori Uchida ◽

Leonard Barolli

Keyword(s):

Ray Tracing ◽

Line Of Sight ◽

Dijkstra Algorithm

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Backhaul-Aware Dimensioning and Planning of Millimeter-Wave Small Cell Networks

Electronics ◽

10.3390/electronics9091429 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 1429

Author(s):

Pablo Muñoz ◽

Oscar Adamuz-Hinojosa ◽

Pablo Ameigeiras ◽

Jorge Navarro-Ortiz ◽

Juan J. Ramos-Muñoz

Keyword(s):

Millimeter Wave ◽

Computational Cost ◽

Small Cell ◽

Small Cells ◽

Line Of Sight ◽

Small Cell Networks ◽

Traffic Demand ◽

Simulation Results ◽

Backhaul Networks ◽

Cell Networks

The massive deployment of Small Cells (SCs) is increasingly being adopted by mobile operators to face the exponentially growing traffic demand. Using the millimeter-wave (mmWave) band in the access and backhaul networks will be key to provide the capacity that meets such demand. However, dimensioning and planning have become complex tasks, because the capacity requirements for mmWave links can significantly vary with the SC location. In this work, we address the problem of SC planning considering the backhaul constraints, assuming that a line-of-sight (LOS) between the nodes is required to reliably support the traffic demand. Such a LOS condition reduces the set of potential site locations. Simulation results show that, under certain conditions, the proposed algorithm is effective in finding solutions and strongly efficient in computational cost when compared to exhaustive search approaches.

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