Very Simple BICM-ID Using Repetition Code and Extended Mapping with Doped Accumulator

Error control consists of error detection and error correction in the communication system. The purpose of this research work is to reduce error in the wireless communication system by using the advantages of both error correction techniques which are forward error correction (FEC) and automatic repeat request (ARQ). Thus, error can be corrected without retransmission and also via retransmission(s) when needed. Combination of FEC and ARQ is known as Hybrid ARQ. In this paper, Hybrid ARQ system is designed using three components which are the irregular repetition code (IRC) as a simple code, bit-interleaved coded modulation with iterative decoding (BICM-ID) as a simple Turbo processing and ARQ. The HARQ system is enhanced by the extended mapping (EM) adopted in the mapping system. The performance of the systems is evaluated in the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). The results show the Hybrid ARQ with extended mapping (Hybrid ARQ-EM) outperforms Hybrid ARQ with standard mapping (Hybrid ARQ-SM). Hybrid ARQ-EM achieves low bit error rate BER (10-5) at low signal-to-noise ratio SNR which only 3.03dB close to the theoretical limit. The proposed system Hybrid ARQ-EM achieves 52 percent gain enhancement of SNR gap from the theoretical limit compared to Hybrid ARQ-SM. Hybrid ARQ-EM gives better performance although in worse channel condition.

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New variable separation excitations of (2+1)-dimensional dispersive long-water wave system obtained by an extended mapping approach

Chaos Solitons & Fractals ◽

10.1016/j.chaos.2004.06.082 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 23 (5) ◽

pp. 1741-1748 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Chun-Long Zheng ◽

Jian-Ping Fang ◽

Li-Qun Chen

Keyword(s):

Water Wave ◽

Wave System ◽

Variable Separation ◽

Mapping Approach ◽

Extended Mapping

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Applications of Extended Mapping Deformation Method in Two (3+1)-Dimensional Nonlinear Models

Communications in Theoretical Physics ◽

10.1088/0253-6102/43/5/002 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 43 (5) ◽

pp. 775-780

Author(s):

Huang Wen-Hua ◽

Zhang Jie-Fang ◽

Ge Wei-Kuan

Keyword(s):

Nonlinear Models ◽

Deformation Method ◽

Extended Mapping

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TYPES OF COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES USED BY YOUNG LEARNERS IN EFL CLASSROOMS

Lingua Scientia ◽

10.23887/ls.v25i2.18823 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 53

Author(s):

Dewi N.L.T. ◽

Batan I Gede ◽

Myartawan I P.N.W

Keyword(s):

Focus Group ◽

Qualitative Study ◽

Foreign Language ◽

Focus Group Discussion ◽

Communication Strategies ◽

Group Discussion ◽

Repetition Code ◽

Young Learners ◽

Proficiency Level ◽

Efl Classrooms

The learner’s proficiency level in communication using English as a foreign language was indicated by their capability to make use of strategies to communicate both in written as well as spoken forms. This qualitative study focused on finding out (i) the types of communication strategies used by the students in EFL classrooms at SMP Negeri 4 Singaraja, and (ii) the students’ reasons towards the use of their communication strategies. The data were obtained from observation and focus group discussion. All data were analysed descriptively. The results of the study indicated that numerous types of strategies were used by the students when communicating in the classroom. They are the use of fillers, self-repetition, code switching, appeal for help, self-repair, asking for confirmation, massage abandonment, omission, approximation, and literal translation. Various types of reasons were expressed by the students toward the use of communication strategies such as thinking time, anxiety, and proficiency level.

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