Developing Reporting Guidelines for Studies of HIV Drug Resistance Prevalence: Protocol of a Mixed-methods Study (Preprint)

BACKGROUND HIV drug resistance is a global health problem which limits the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Adequate surveillance of HIV drug resistance is challenged by heterogenous and inadequate data reporting, which compromises the accuracy, interpretation, and usability of prevalence estimates. Previous research has found that the quality of reporting in studies of HIV drug resistance prevalence is low, and thus better guidance is needed to ensure complete and uniform reporting. OBJECTIVE This paper aims to develop reporting guidelines for studies of HIV drug resistance by achieving consensus among experts on what items should be reported in these studies. METHODS We will conduct a sequential explanatory mixed methods study among authors and users of studies of HIV drug resistance. The two-phase design will include a cross-sectional electronic survey (quantitative phase) followed by a focus group discussion (qualitative phase). Survey participants will rate the essentiality of various reporting items, which will be analyzed in a validity ratio to determine the items that will be retained for further evaluation. Retained items will form a list of potential reporting items that will be reviewed in a focus group discussion informed by grounded theory to produce a finalized set of reporting items. RESULTS This study received ethics approval from the Hamilton Integrated Research Ethics Board (project number #11558) on November 11, 2020. As of March 2021, 46 participants provided informed consent and completed the electronic survey. In October 2021 nine of these participants participated in virtual focus group discussions. CONCLUSIONS This study will provide a reporting checklist for studies of HIV drug resistance by achieving consensus among experts on what items should be reported in these studies. The results of this work will be refined and elaborated on by a writing committee of HIV drug resistance experts and external reviewers to develop finalized reporting guidelines.

Applying Total Costs of Ownership (TCO) to Examine the Best Logistics Providers

Further scientifically finding of total logistics costs model during execution the cement projects in Indonesia, the consecutive further tasks are how to examine the best logistics' provider to perform the logistics' works. This is the ultimate goal of this chapter. The methodology developed is by case study, elaborate techniques of focus group discussion (FGD), expert judgment (EJ), and enriched by the analytical hierarchical process (AHP) to obtain the best decision. The finding is the total costs of ownership (TCO) as the best tool to examine several considerations to select the best provider's candidates can be applied. Data as sources of this chapter are consolidated from the cement projects in Indonesia from 2010 to 2018. During the period, cement projects in Indonesia were rampant, and certainly, it demanded logistics providers. The TCO in practical fits during procurement-processes, it is also valuable during the selection of the logistics' providers. The TCO is fair enough as the best tool to build governance during procurement to avoid miss-discrimination-treated.

Makna Pertunjukan Kesenian Gendang Beleq Pada Masyarakat Sasak Kontemporer di Desa Bujak Kecamatan Batukliang Lombok Tengah)

Kesenian merupakan salah satu peninggalan dari suatu kebiasaan-kebiasaan yang terjadi di waktu lampau dan diteruskan pada masa sekarang. Salah satu pertunjukan kesenian yang masih dilestarikan oleh masyarakat Suku Sasak khsusnya di Desa Bujak adalah kesenian Gendang Beleq.Pertunjukan kesenian gendang beleq pada masyarakat suku sasak menarik untuk diteliti karena eksistensinya yang masih dapat dipertahankan sampai saat ini, meskipun telah mengalami perubahan konteks masyarakat pada awal penggunaannya. Berdasarkan penelitian terdaulu bahwa gendang beleq digunakan oleh kerajaan untuk mengiringi prajurit berangkat perang guna untuk membangkitkan semanganya, beda halnya dengan sekarang pertunjukan kesenian gendang beleq digunakan pada upacara hajatan masyarakat sasak khususnya di Desa Bujak. Hal itu tidak terlepas dari makna luhur yang tekandung di dalamnya, hingga sampai saat ini masih mentradisi dan melekat erat menjadi salah satu komponen dalam system sosial hidup masyarakat. Berangkat dari sinilah penulis tertarik untuk mendalami apa sebenarnya makna yang masih relevan atas pertunjukan kesenian gendang beleq pada masyarakat sasak kontemporer, padahal dapat disadari bahwa sudah tidak ada lagi peperangan yang membutuhkan tabuhan gendang beleq. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan penomenologi, yang mana peneliti menjadi instrument kunci (human instrument). Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah melaksanakan kegiatan Focus Group Discussion (FGD) bersama para pimpinan sanggar kesenian gendang beleq yang ada di Desa Bujak, melakukak observasi, melakukan wawancara mendalam, dan mengumpulkan dokumendokumen pendukung lainnya yang bisa memberikan petunjuk dan penjelasan terkait dengan makna pertunjukan kesenian gendang beleq. Data yang didapatkan dalam penelitian ini akan dianalisis dengan teknik reduksi, penyajian, dan verifikasi data.Hasil penelitian in menunjukan bahwa makna pertunjukan kesenian gendang beleq bagi masyarakat Desa Bujak kontemporer adalah dimaknai sebagai pembentuk sikap sabar, lebih patuh dan teratur. Selain itu juga kesenian gendang beleq dimaknai sebagai penekanan identitas kesukuan yang lahir dann dibesarkan di temapt yang sama yaitu Suku Sasak Lombok. Pemaknaan lain juga sebagai spirit persatuan dan gotong royong dalam kehidupan bermsyarakat.

Peran dan Strategi Pengembangan Subsektor Peternakan untuk Menunjang Perekonomian Kota Yogyakarta

Kota Yogyakarta merupakan salah satu kota besar sekaligus menjadi ibukota provinsi dari Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Meskipun menjadi pusat perkotaan, sektor pertanian masih mampu memberikan kontribusi terhadap perekonomian di kota ini, khususnya di bidang peternakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan (1) menganalisis peran subsektor peternakan di Kota Yogyakarta, (2) menganalisis strategi pengembangan subsektor peternakan untuk mendukung ekonomi lokal Kota Yogyakarta. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu menggunakan metode deskriptif. Jenis penelitian yaitu studi kasus. Metode pengambilan responden menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan Focus Group Discussion (FGD), observasi, wawancara, studi literatur, dan dokumentasi. Teknis analisis data menggunakan analisis Location Quotient (LQ, matriks Internal Faktor Evaluation (IFE), matriks External Faktor Evaluation (EFE), matriks Internal-Eksternal (IE), matriks Strength, Weakness, Opportunities, dan Threats (SWOT), dan Quantitive Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Subsektor peternakan menjadi subsektor basis di Kota Yogyakarta sehingga subsektor peternakan memiliki peran menjadi subsektor penggerak utama terhadap perekonomian Kota Yogyakarta, (2) Strategi pengembangan subsektor peternakan yang dapat diterapkan di Kota Yogyakarta adalah strategi pengembangan produk cara perbaikan kualitas ternak untuk menghasilkan produk ternak yang aman dan memaksimalkan pengolahan produk limbah ternak.

DIGITAL CUSTOMER SERVICE TRENDS: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

Customer service is an essential part of many companies and their product and service portfolio. In the current times, customer service has shifted more towards its digital forms. In previous research four digital customer service trends have been identified: virtual assistants, customer service personalization, mobile technologies, and opinion mining. This article aims to compare these findings with reality by employing a focus group discussion with professionals and point out the opportunities and challenges that the companies implementing these trends are faced with. The results show that the findings correspond with academic literature.

Pemberdayaan Taman Pendidikan Quran (TPQ) Melalui Pembuatan Kurikulum Berdasarkan Metode Multi-Sensori

TPQ sebagai lembaga pembelajaran Al-Quran harus memiliki metode pembelajaran yang terstandar melalui kurikulum sehingga evaluasi pembelajaran dapat dilakukan secara optimal. Masalah saat ini yang dihadapi TPQ Safaril ‘Ulum yaitu belum memiliki kurikulum yang terstandar sehingga proses belajar hanya difokuskan pada aktivitas rutin tanpa metode pembelajaran yang dapat dinilai efektivitasnya. Tujuan kegiatan untuk memberikan pendampingan dalam pembuatan kurikulum berdasarkan metode multi-sensori yang telah terbukti mampu berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan menghafal siswa. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan terdiri dari focus group discussion, observasi dan demostrasi hasil atau sosialisasi. Proses kegiatan dibagi menjadi tiga tahapan yaitu tahap persiapan untuk memetaan kondisi awal TPQ, tahap kedua sebagai proses FGD dalam pembuatan kurikulum dan tahap ketiga yaitu sosialisasi kurikulum. Dengan kurikulum berlandaskan metode multi-sensori, tenaga pendidik memiliki panduan sekaligus mampu menerapkan metode pembelajaran yang baru bagi peserta didik. Selain itu, kegiatan ini dapat menghasilkan siswa didik yang tidak hanya cepat dalam proses menghafal Al-Quran, namun menempatkan standar yang sama bagi seluruh siswa didik dengan kurikulum yang terstandar.

PROMOTING SLOW TOURISM TO WRESTLE THE CHALLENGES OF SHORTER LENGTH OF TOURIST STAY: IMPLICATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE TOURISM

Slow tourism is an eminent concept that aims to embolden extended tourist stay within a destination. The current study adopts qualitative research approach and extracts data from purposefully selected tourism professionals. The researcher employed both interview and focus group discussion to collect data required for this study. Findings of the current study unfold that slow tourism as a unique approach augments the overall tourism activities, mainly within emerging destinations. Even though slow tourism has received limited attention in Bahir Dar and its surroundings, it is quite substantive to discourage the negative economic, sociocultural and environmental impacts of tourism. However, absence of developed tourism infrastructures and limited understanding of stakeholders restrain the practice and development of slow tourism in the study area. In terms of policy references, the present study suggests that there is a need to develop a practical guideline to inculcate the fundamental concepts related to the practical applications of slow tourism in emerging destinations.

Assessment of Practices in Integrating Environmental Education in the Teacher Education Program

The study aimed to assess the mainstreaming of environmental education in the Teacher Education curriculum. It used descriptive research design using qualitative approaches. Data were gathered using a rubric, documentary analysis, class observations, focus group discussion, and interview. Respondents and informants consisted of faculty-implementers, students, officials and administrative personnel. Each class in the different disciplines was observed by three class observers. The focus group discussion involved 35 students and the informal interview involved randomly selected class observers and key persons involved in the implementation of the project. Three dimensions were considered such as programmatic practices, organizational practices and context-specific practices. Assessment reveals the good practices in programmatic practices in terms of needs assessment and program design, in organizational practices in terms of governance, and context specific practices in terms of instructional materials development, delivery of the lesson, interaction with students, and assessment. Good practices serve as enabling factors for the successful mainstreaming of environmental education in the Teacher Education curriculum. Recommendations are provided to sustain the good practices and address those needing improvement.