Teacher Retirement Pension or 401(k) Alternative?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladd Kochman ◽  
David Bray
Keyword(s):  
Retirement Pension ◽  
Teacher Retirement

Determinants Associated with Work Participation in Patients with Established Rheumatoid Arthritis Taking Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 1263-1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofie H.M. Manders ◽  
Wietske Kievit ◽  
Annemarie L.M.A. Braakman-Jansen ◽  
Herman L.M. Brus ◽  
Lidy Hendriks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Functional Status ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Work Participation ◽  
P Value ◽  
Retirement Pension ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Objective.Reduced work participation (WP) is a common problem for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and generates high costs for society. Therefore, it is important to explore determinants of WP at the start of tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) treatment, and for changes in WP after 2 years of TNFi treatment.Methods.Within the Dutch Rheumatoid Arthritis Monitoring (DREAM) biologic register, WP data were available from 508 patients with RA younger than 65 years and without an (early) retirement pension. WP was registered at start of TNFi treatment and after 2 years of followup and was measured by single patient-reported binary questions whether they had work, paid or voluntary, or had a disability allowance or a retirement pension. Determinants measured at baseline were age, sex, disease duration, functional status [through Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI)], 28-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28), rheumatoid factor, presence of erosions, number of previous disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, and number of comorbidities. During the 2 years of followup, HAQ-DI response and European League Against Rheumatism response were measured. Univariate analyses (excluded if p value was > 0.2) and multivariate (excluded if p value was > 0.1) logistic regression analyses were used.Results.Determinants associated with WP at baseline were having a better HAQ-DI (OR 0.32, p = 0.000) and male sex (OR 0.65, p = 0.065). After 2 years of TNFi therapy, 11.8% (n = 60) started to work and 13.6% (n = 69) stopped working. Determinants associated with starting to work were better baseline HAQ-DI (OR 0.58), positive RF (OR 2.73), and young age (OR 0.96); and for stopping work, worse baseline HAQ-DI (OR 2.74), low HAQ-DI response (OR 0.31), and comorbidity (OR 2.67), all with p < 0.1.Conclusion.Young patients with RA and a high functional status without any comorbidity will have a better chance of working. This supports the main goal in the management of RA: to suppress disease activity as soon and as completely as possible to prevent irreversible destruction of the joints, and thus maintain a good functional status of the patient. Because of the low proportion of variance explained by the models in this study, other factors besides the ones studied are associated with WP.

Teacher Retirement Allowance

1928 ◽  
Vol 108 (21) ◽  
pp. 553-554
Author(s):  
A. E. Winship
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Retirement

scholarly journals Savings for retirement and the millennial generation in Mexico: perception about the importance of having a retirement fund

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-260
Author(s):  
Teresa Zamora Lobato
Keyword(s):  
Millennial Generation ◽  
National Commission ◽  
Retirement Savings ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Financial Capability ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Retirement Pension ◽  
Retirement Fund ◽  
Retirement Funds ◽  
Taking Action

The aim of this study focused on knowing the existing relation between Savings, Financial Capability, Future forecast and Retirement funds in relation to gender, which allows to determine the Savings culture, while also proving if there is a relationship between Savings, Financial Capability, Future forecast and Retirement funds in relation to gender among the population known as Millennial generation. The study is non-experimental, approached from the hypothetic-deductive paradigm, it is descriptive and correlational, as well as transversally cut. The participants were 89 Millennials(73% women and 27% men), whoseagesranged between 18 to 35 years old. The sample was non-probabilistic by auto-determination, since the technique used was “snowball sampling”, which consisted on sharing the instrument through social networks. For the study, the survey designed by the Mexican National Commission of Retirement Savings System (2017) was used. For the data capture and analysis, the program SPSS Statistics v23 was used and the measurement technique was Pearson s Chi square with df and sig <0.05. The main results show how young millennials have not thought about retirement or at least, they are currently not taking action on this issue, hence, they have not decided to save money for the future at the moment.Regarding the parametricresults, it was determined that thereis no relationship between what millennials perceive about keeping a record of monthly income and expenses, what they would do in case they received an unexpected sum of money, receive a monthly pension, the retirement age, amount of the retirement pension and the knowledge of what a retirement fund is with the variable gender.

PRINCIPLE OF (NON) CUMULATION, THAT IS, ABOUT THE CONFLUENCE OF THE RIGHT TO A RETIREMENT PENSION FROM THE GENERAL AND MILITARY SYSTEMS

2021 ◽  
Vol specjalny (XXI) ◽  
pp. 707-716
Author(s):  
Justyna Czerniak-Swędzioł
Keyword(s):  
Social Insurance ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
General System ◽  
Social Solidarity ◽  
Pension Insurance ◽  
Social Insurance System ◽  
Retirement Benefits ◽  
Retirement Pension ◽  
Constitutional Principle ◽  
The Right

Professional soldiers have their own social security system, separate from the general social insurance system, which provides social protection in the event of long service, total incapacity to serve and the death of the breadwinner (pension benefits). At the same time, a professional soldier can accumulate and receive two pensions from different systems, ie universal and reserve. However, the principle of accumulation of benefits based on the applicable provision is dedicated to a narrow group of entitled persons. The principle of non-cumulation is considered to be the basic and dominant one. It is an expression of the principle of risk solidarity in force in social insurance law and is not inconsistent with the constitutional principle of equality expressed in Art. 32 of the Polish Constitution. In the event of the overlapping of the right to several benefits specified in the Act, the pension authority is obliged to pay only one (higher) benefit, even if this right results from various acts, and the possibility of combining benefits must be clearly indicated in the provisions of law. Separation of the insurance and supply system allows each of these systems to fulfill separate obligations towards professional soldiers, not related to the general system. Maintaining the principle that for the same period of retirement pension insurance, two retirement benefits cannot be awarded simultaneously (Article 5 (2a) (2a) of the Pension Act). The exception to the principle of non-accumulation (ie the principle of collecting one benefit) in the case of a professional soldier remaining in service before January 2, 1999 is not determined by the date of admission to service, but the lack of the possibility to calculate the military pension taking into account the “civil” retirement age. The convergence of the right to benefits (from the general and military pension) with the parallel occurrence of these events is contrary to the constitutional principle of social justice. It is not socially just to deprive an insured person who has met the statutory requirements of the right to benefits solely on the basis of social solidarity. In such situations, a significant part of the retiree’s professional life is not reflected in the amount of received retirement benefits.

Menu Effects of Retirement Pension Plans: The Impact of Equity Exposure on Equity Allocation

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-50
Author(s):  
Jongwon Bae ◽  
Inwook Song ◽  
Kyonghee Lee
Keyword(s):  
Pension Plans ◽  
Retirement Pension ◽  
The Impact

Avarice and Ambition in Congress: Representatives' Decisions to Run or Retire from the U.S. House

1995 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Hall ◽  
Robert P. Van Houweling
Keyword(s):  
Adam Smith ◽  
Career Decisions ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
Retirement Pension ◽  
Financial Factor ◽  
Financial Interests ◽  
Pension Benefits ◽  
The U.S

Over two centuries ago, Adam Smith wrote of two passions that motivate those seeking public distinction: avarice and ambition. By investing these categories with appropriately concrete meaning, we develop a model of House members' career decisions. Like other individuals contemplating retirement options, politicians act with an eye to their financial interests, but not all financial interests are alike. The financial factor that matters most involves perennial considerations of post-retirement pension benefits, not fleeting opportunities to exploit ethically questionable sources of outside income. Second, we embed in the model a theory of intra-institutional ambition. Members impute value both to leadership positions they expect to retain and positions they expect to obtain. Majority members well-positioned to exert future legislative leverage are less likely to retire. Finally, several sources of electoral insecurity increase retirement probability. In the main, members may be reelection-seekers but will not pay any price to seek something they may not find.

France—immunity from taxation under ICJ Statute—effect of customary international law in French administrative courts

1998 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 764-765
Author(s):  
Bernard H. Oxman ◽  
Stefan A. Riesenfeld
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Income Taxes ◽  
International Court Of Justice ◽  
Retirement Pension ◽  
Customary International Law ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
International Court ◽  
Droit International ◽  
Council Of State ◽  
Court Of Appeal

In Re Aquarone. 101 Revue Générale de Droit International Public 838 (1997).Conseil d'Etat (Assemblée), June 6, 1997.In this case, the French Council of State, sitting in its most authoritative formation, had to pass on a petition by Stanislav Aquarone for review of a judgment of the administrative court of appeal of Lyon, dismissing his request for annulment of die imposition by France of income taxes on his retirement pension for the years 1981-1986, paid by the United Nations. In a carefully crafted opinion, the highest administrative court of France rejected die petition and die claim of immunity from taxation of his retirement pay by Aquarone, a former Registrar of the International Court of Justice and an Australian national now living in Gordes, France.

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