Comparative chloroplast genomes of Prunus subgenus Cerasus (Rosaceae): insights into sequence variations and phylogenetic relationships

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiawen Yan ◽  
Jianhui Li ◽  
Lin Yu ◽  
Wenfu Bai ◽  
Dongling Nie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Chloroplast Genomes ◽  
Sequence Variations

Complete chloroplast genomes of Leptodermis scabrida complex: comparative genomic analyses and phylogenetic relationships

Gene ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 145715
Author(s):  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Zhengfeng Wang ◽  
Yanan Guo ◽  
Sheng Chen ◽  
Xianyi Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Chloroplast Genomes ◽  
Genomic Analyses

scholarly journals Comparative analysis and phylogenetic investigation of Hong Kong Ilex chloroplast genomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bobby Lim-Ho Kong ◽  
Hyun-Seung Park ◽  
Tai-Wai David Lau ◽  
Zhixiu Lin ◽  
Tae-Jin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Species Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Trna Genes ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Chloroplast Genomes ◽  
Plant Group ◽  
Ilex Rotunda

AbstractIlex is a monogeneric plant group (containing approximately 600 species) in the Aquifoliaceae family and one of the most commonly used medicinal herbs. However, its taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships at the species level are debatable. Herein, we obtained the complete chloroplast genomes of all 19 Ilex types that are native to Hong Kong. The genomes are conserved in structure, gene content and arrangement. The chloroplast genomes range in size from 157,119 bp in Ilex graciliflora to 158,020 bp in Ilex kwangtungensis. All these genomes contain 125 genes, of which 88 are protein-coding and 37 are tRNA genes. Four highly varied sequences (rps16-trnQ, rpl32-trnL, ndhD-psaC and ycf1) were found. The number of repeats in the Ilex genomes is mostly conserved, but the number of repeating motifs varies. The phylogenetic relationship among the 19 Ilex genomes, together with eight other available genomes in other studies, was investigated. Most of the species could be correctly assigned to the section or even series level, consistent with previous taxonomy, except Ilex rotunda var. microcarpa, Ilex asprella var. tapuensis and Ilex chapaensis. These species were reclassified; I. rotunda was placed in the section Micrococca, while the other two were grouped with the section Pseudoaquifolium. These studies provide a better understanding of Ilex phylogeny and refine its classification.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of chloroplast genomes for five Dicliptera species (Acanthaceae): molecular structure, phylogenetic relationships, and adaptive evolution

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunan Huang ◽  
Xuejun Ge ◽  
Asunción Cano ◽  
Betty Gaby Millán Salazar ◽  
Yunfei Deng
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Evolution ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Trna Genes ◽  
Evolutionary Analysis ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Variable Regions ◽  
Protein Coding Genes ◽  
Chloroplast Genomes

The genus Dicliptera (Justicieae, Acanthaceae) consists of approximately 150 species distributed throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Newly obtained chloroplast genomes (cp genomes) are reported for five species of Dilciptera (D. acuminata, D. peruviana, D. montana, D. ruiziana and D. mucronata) in this study. These cp genomes have circular structures of 150,689–150,811 bp and exhibit quadripartite organizations made up of a large single copy region (LSC, 82,796–82,919 bp), a small single copy region (SSC, 17,084–17,092 bp), and a pair of inverted repeat regions (IRs, 25,401–25,408 bp). Guanine-Cytosine (GC) content makes up 37.9%–38.0% of the total content. The complete cp genomes contain 114 unique genes, including 80 protein-coding genes, 30 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and four ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. Comparative analyses of nucleotide variability (Pi) reveal the five most variable regions (trnY-GUA-trnE-UUC, trnG-GCC, psbZ-trnG-GCC, petN-psbM, and rps4-trnL-UUA), which may be used as molecular markers in future taxonomic identification and phylogenetic analyses of Dicliptera. A total of 55-58 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and 229 long repeats were identified in the cp genomes of the five Dicliptera species. Phylogenetic analysis identified a close relationship between D. ruiziana and D. montana, followed by D. acuminata, D. peruviana, and D. mucronata. Evolutionary analysis of orthologous protein-coding genes within the family Acanthaceae revealed only one gene, ycf15, to be under positive selection, which may contribute to future studies of its adaptive evolution. The completed genomes are useful for future research on species identification, phylogenetic relationships, and the adaptive evolution of the Dicliptera species.

scholarly journals The First Glimpse of Streptocarpus ionanthus (Gesneriaceae) Phylogenomics: Analysis of Five Subspecies’ Chloroplast Genomes

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelius M. Kyalo ◽  
Zhi-Zhong Li ◽  
Elijah M. Mkala ◽  
Itambo Malombe ◽  
Guang-Wan Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Variable Regions ◽  
Morphological Heterogeneity ◽  
Chloroplast Genomes ◽  
Chloroplast Genome Sequence ◽  
Phylogenomic Analyses

Streptocarpus ionanthus (Gesneriaceae) comprise nine herbaceous subspecies, endemic to Kenya and Tanzania. The evolution of Str. ionanthus is perceived as complex due to morphological heterogeneity and unresolved phylogenetic relationships. Our study seeks to understand the molecular variation within Str. ionanthus using a phylogenomic approach. We sequence the chloroplast genomes of five subspecies of Str. ionanthus, compare their structural features and identify divergent regions. The five genomes are identical, with a conserved structure, a narrow size range (170 base pairs (bp)) and 115 unique genes (80 protein-coding, 31 tRNAs and 4 rRNAs). Genome alignment exhibits high synteny while the number of Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) are observed to be low (varying from 37 to 41), indicating high similarity. We identify ten divergent regions, including five variable regions (psbM, rps3, atpF-atpH, psbC-psbZ and psaA-ycf3) and five genes with a high number of polymorphic sites (rps16, rpoC2, rpoB, ycf1 and ndhA) which could be investigated further for phylogenetic utility in Str. ionanthus. Phylogenomic analyses here exhibit low polymorphism within Str. ionanthus and poor phylogenetic separation, which might be attributed to recent divergence. The complete chloroplast genome sequence data concerning the five subspecies provides genomic resources which can be expanded for future elucidation of Str. ionanthus phylogenetic relationships.

scholarly journals The complete chloroplast genome of Saxifraga sinomontana (Saxifragaceae) and comparative analysis with other Saxifragaceae species

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Li ◽  
Liukun Jia ◽  
Zhihua Wang ◽  
Rui Xing ◽  
Xiaofeng Chi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Chloroplast Genome ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Bootstrap Support ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Complete Chloroplast Genome ◽  
Protein Coding Genes ◽  
Chloroplast Genomes

Abstract Saxifraga sinomontana J.-T. Pan & Gornall belongs to Saxifraga sect. Ciliatae subsect. Hirculoideae, a lineage containing ca. 110 species whose phylogenetic relationships are largely unresolved due to recent rapid radiations. Analyses of complete chloroplast genomes have the potential to significantly improve the resolution of phylogenetic relationships in this young plant lineage. The complete chloroplast genome of S. sinomontana was de novo sequenced, assembled and then compared with that of other six Saxifragaceae species. The S. sinomontana chloroplast genome is 147,240 bp in length with a typical quadripartite structure, including a large single-copy region of 79,310 bp and a small single-copy region of 16,874 bp separated by a pair of inverted repeats (IRs) of 25,528 bp each. The chloroplast genome contains 113 unique genes, including 79 protein-coding genes, four rRNAs and 30 tRNAs, with 18 duplicates in the IRs. The gene content and organization are similar to other Saxifragaceae chloroplast genomes. Sixty-one simple sequence repeats were identified in the S. sinomontana chloroplast genome, mostly represented by mononucleotide repeats of polyadenine or polythymine. Comparative analysis revealed 12 highly divergent regions in the intergenic spacers, as well as coding genes of matK, ndhK, accD, cemA, rpoA, rps19, ndhF, ccsA, ndhD and ycf1. Phylogenetic reconstruction of seven Saxifragaceae species based on 66 protein-coding genes received high bootstrap support values for nearly all identified nodes, suggesting a promising opportunity to resolve infrasectional relationships of the most species-rich section Ciliatae of Saxifraga.

scholarly journals Comparative Chloroplast Genomes of Zosteraceae Species Provide Adaptive Evolution Insights Into Seagrass

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Chen ◽  
Yu Zang ◽  
Shuai Shang ◽  
Shuo Liang ◽  
Meiling Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seagrass Species ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Site Model ◽  
Branch Site ◽  
Chloroplast Genomes ◽  
Branch Model ◽  
Sequence Variations ◽  
Tropical Areas ◽  
Phyllospadix Iwatensis

Seagrasses are marine flowering plants found in tropical and sub-tropical areas that live in coastal regions between the sea and land. All seagrass species evolved from terrestrial monocotyledons, providing the opportunity to study plant adaptation to sea environments. Here, we sequenced the chloroplast genomes (cpGenomes) of three Zostera species, then analyzed and compared their cpGenome structures and sequence variations. We also performed a phylogenetic analysis using published seagrass chloroplasts and calculated the selection pressure of 17 species within seagrasses and nine terrestrial monocotyledons, as well as estimated the number of shared genes of eight seagrasses. The cpGenomes of Zosteraceae species ranged in size from 143,877 bp (Zostera marina) to 152,726 bp (Phyllospadix iwatensis), which were conserved and displayed similar structures and gene orders. Additionally, we found 17 variable hotspot regions as candidate DNA barcodes for Zosteraceae species, which will be helpful for studying the phylogenetic relationships and interspecies differences between seagrass species. Interestingly, nine genes had positive selection sites, including two ATP subunit genes (atpA and atpF), two ribosome subunit genes (rps4 and rpl20), two DNA-dependent RNA polymerase genes (rpoC1 and rpoC2), as well as accD, clpP, and ycf2. These gene regions may have played key roles in the seagrass adaptation to diverse environments. The Branch model analysis showed that seagrasses had a higher rate of evolution than terrestrial monocotyledons, suggesting that seagrasses experienced greater environmental pressure. Moreover, a branch-site model identified positively selected sites (PSSs) in ccsA, suggesting their involvement in the adaptation to sea environments. These findings are valuable for further investigations on Zosteraceae cpGenomes and will serve as an excellent resource for future studies on seagrass adaptation to sea environments.

scholarly journals Taxonomic scheme of the order Chaetophorales (Chlorophyceae, Chlorophyta) based on Chloroplast genomes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benwen Liu ◽  
Yu Xin Hu ◽  
Zheng Yu Hu ◽  
Guo Xiang Liu ◽  
Huan Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Chloroplast Genome ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Genome Structure ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Chloroplast Genomes ◽  
Basal Clade

Abstract Background Order Chaetophorales currently includes six families, namely Schizomeridaceae, Aphanochaetaceae, Barrancaceae, Uronemataceae, Fritschiellaceae, and Chaetophoraceae. Most studies have primarily focused on intergeneric phylogenetic relationships within this order and the phylogenetic relationships with four other Chlorophycean orders (Chaetophorales, Chaetopeltidales and Oedogoniales, and Volvocales). This study aimed to phylogenetically reconstruct order Chaetophorales and determine the taxonomic scheme and to further the current understanding of the evolution of order Chaetophorales. The taxonomic scheme of Chaetophorales has been inferred primarily through phylogenetic analysis based on rDNA sequences and phylogenetic relationships among families in order Chaetophorales remain unclear. Results In present study, seven complete and five fragmentary chloroplast genomes were harvested. Phylogenomic and comparative genomic analysis were performed to determine the taxonomic scheme within Chaetophorales. Consequently, Oedogoniales was found to be a sister to a clade linking Chaetophorales and Chaetopeltidales, Schizomeriaceae, and Aphanochaetaceae clustered into a well-resolved basal clade in Chaetophorales, inconsistent with the results of phylogenetic analysis based on rDNA sequences. Comparative genomic analyses revealed that the chloroplast genomes of Schizomeriaceae and Aphanochaetaceae were highly conserved and homologous, highlighting the closest relationship in this order. Germination types of zoospores precisely correlated with the phylogenetic relationships. Conclusions In conclusion, chloroplast genome structure analyses, synteny analyses, and zoospore germination analyses were concurrent with phylogenetic analyses based on the chloroplast genome, and all of them robustly determined the unique taxonomic scheme of Chaetophorales and the relationships of Oedogoniales, Chaetophorales, and Chaetopeltidales.

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