Watershed prioritization in the upper Han River basin for soil and water conservation in the South-to-North Water Transfer Project (middle route) of China

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 2231-2238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haibing Wu
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Water Transfer ◽  
Soil And Water Conservation ◽  
The South ◽  
Watershed Prioritization ◽  
Han River ◽  
North Water ◽  
Han River Basin ◽  
Soil And Water

Integrated framework for soil and water conservation in Kosi River Basin

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajani Kumar Pradhan ◽  
Prashant K. Srivastava ◽  
Swati Maurya ◽  
Sudhir Kumar Singh ◽  
Dhruvesh P. Patel
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Soil And Water Conservation ◽  
Integrated Framework ◽  
Soil And Water

scholarly journals Causes of Variations in Sediment Yield in the Jinghe River Basin, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinliang Zhang ◽  
Yizi Shang ◽  
Jinyong Liu ◽  
Jian Fu ◽  
Shitao Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Soil And Water Conservation ◽  
Water Diversion ◽  
Sediment Discharge ◽  
Jinghe River Basin ◽  
Jinghe River ◽  
Soil And Water

Abstract The Jinghe River remains the major sediment source of the Yellow River in China; however, sediment discharge in the Jinghe River has reduced significantly since the 1950s. The objective of this study is to identify the causes of sediment yield variations in the Jinghe River Basin based on soil and water conservation methods and rainfall analyses. The results revealed that soil and water conservation projects were responsible for half of the total sediment reduction; sediment retention due to reservoirs and water diversion projects was responsible for 1.3% of the total reduction. Moreover, the Jinghe River Basin has negligible opportunity to improve its vegetation cover (currently 55% of the basin is covered with lawns and trees), and silt-arrester dams play a smaller role in reducing sediment significantly before they are entirely full. Therefore, new large-scale sediment trapping projects must be implemented across the Jinghe River Basin, where heavy rainfall events are likely to substantially increase in the future, leading to higher sediment discharge.

scholarly journals Review: Design norms for soil and water conservation structures in the sugar industry of South Africa

Water SA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (1 January) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Otim ◽  
Jeff Smithers ◽  
Aidan Senzanje ◽  
Rianto Van Antwerpen
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Empirical Models ◽  
Soil And Water Conservation ◽  
The South ◽  
Soil And Water

This paper contains a critical review of the norms employed in the design of soil and water conservation structures in the South African sugar industry and highlights research needs in order to update them. Sugarcane in South Africa is grown on wide-ranging soils, sometimes in non-ideal climates and on steep topographies where soils are vulnerable to erosion. A consequence of unsustainable soil loss is reduction in field production capacity. Sugarcane fields are protected against erosion through, inter alia, the use of engineered waterways, contour banks and spill-over roads. The South African Sugarcane Research Institute (SASRI), previously known as the South African Sugar Experiment Station (SASEX), developed a nomograph to easily compute the maximum width of field panels based on soil type, tillage method, replant method, surface structures to control runoff, surface cover and slope. This was followed by guidelines and norms for the design of soil and water conservation structures. However, the nomograph was developed based on an acceptable soil loss of 20 t·ha−1·yr−1, yet soil formation rates in South Africa range between 0.25 and 0.38 t·ha−1·yr−1. Comparisons between design norms in the National Soil Conservation Manual and norms used in the sugar industry clearly show discrepancies that need to be investigated. The design of soil conservation structures includes the design of both contour bank spacing and hydraulic capacity. The sustainable soil loss method is recommended in the design of contour spacing and it determines contour spacing based on evaluation of site-specific sheet and rill erosion potential of the planned contour spacing while the hydraulic design employs Manning’s equation. Considering that increases in both design rainfall and design floods are anticipated in South Africa, it is necessary to incorporate these projections in the design of soil and water conservation structures. Many soil loss models exist, of which empirical models are the most robust and provide stable performances. The majority of empirical models are lumped models which estimate average annual soil loss. The Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation (MUSLE) estimates event-based erosion and, given that the majority of soil erosion occurs during a few extreme events annually, the design norms should be updated using the MUSLE.

Study on Off-Stream Ecological Water Demand of Fu River Basin

2014 ◽  
Vol 641-642 ◽  
pp. 92-96
Author(s):  
Fa Lei Wang ◽  
Wei Hu
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Soil And Water Conservation ◽  
Ecological Water Demand ◽  
Public Green Space ◽  
Soil And Water

According to researches on mechanism and concept of off-stream ecological water demand, off-stream ecological water demand of Fu River Basin is consist of ecological water demand for soil and water conservation and for urban public green space, considering the current situation and planning objectives of off-stream ecological water demand of Fu River Basin. Directly calculation method is employed in this study. Choosing 2005 as the current year in this study, indicators of public green space and soil erosion data are obtained. Then the ecological water demand of urban public green space in Fuzhou City is determined as 0.438×108m3 and the water demand for off-stream soil and water conservation in Fu River Basin is determined as 0.3159×108m3 in virtue of quota method. The off-stream ecological water demand in the Basin (2005 as the current year) is about 0.359×108m3. The determination of the off-stream ecological water demand in the basin provide a scientific basis on taking a variety of water-saving measures, improving the recovery rate of sewage treatment and increasing the off-stream ecological water consumption. Results of this study will make the ecological environment of this area to achieve a healthy state, and shall greatly improve regional water resources and water environmental situation.

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