Interactive effects of polyamines and arbuscular mycorrhiza in modulating plant biomass, N2 fixation, ureide, and trehalose metabolism in Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. genotypes under nickel stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 3043-3064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neera Garg ◽  
Kiran Saroy
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza ◽  
N2 Fixation ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Nickel Stress ◽  
Trehalose Metabolism

Effects of CO2 enrichment and nutrition on growth, photosynthesis, and nutrient concentration of Alaskan tundra plant species

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 2993-2998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven F. Oberbauer ◽  
Nasser Sionit ◽  
Steven J. Hastings ◽  
Walter C. Oechel
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Ledum Palustre ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentrations ◽  
Alaskan Tundra

Three Alaskan tundra species, Carex bigelowii Torr., Betula nana L., and Ledum palustre L., were grown in controlled-environment chambers at two nutrition levels with two concentrations of atmospheric CO2 to assess the interactive effects of these factors on growth, photosynthesis, and tissue nutrient content. Carbon dioxide concentrations were maintained at 350 and 675 μL L−1 under photosynthetic photon flux densities of 450 μmol m−2 s−1 and temperatures of 20:15 °C (light:dark). Nutrient treatments were obtained by watering daily with 1/60- or 1/8- strength Hoagland's solution. Leaf, root, and total biomass were strongly enhanced by nutrient enrichment regardless of the CO2 concentration. In contrast, enriched atmospheric CO2 did not significantly affect plant biomass and there was no interaction between nutrition and CO2 concentration during growth. Leaf photosynthesis was increased by better nutrition in two species but was unchanged by CO2 enrichment during growth in all three species. The effects of nutrient addition and CO2 enrichment on tissue nutrient concentrations were complex and differed among the three species. The data suggest that CO2 enrichment with or without nutrient limitation has little effect on the biomass production of these three tundra species.

Impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and earthworms on soil aggregate stability, glomalin, and performance of pigeonpea, Cajanus cajan

Soil Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary N. Muchane ◽  
Mirjam M. Pulleman ◽  
Bernard Vanlauwe ◽  
Joyce Jefwa ◽  
Thomas W. Kuyper
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Hyphal Length ◽  
Root Colonisation ◽  
Size Classes ◽  
Crop Performance ◽  
Epigeic Earthworms

Earthworms and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) modify soil physical and chemical properties. However, little is known about how their interactions affect water-stable aggregation, glomalin and crop performance. A greenhouse experiment was run for 9 months to test the effects of earthworms (endogeic, Pontoscolex corethrurus; and epigeic, Dichogaster bolaui) and AMF (none, Glomus etunicatum and Scutellospora verrucosa) on water-stable aggregation, glomalin levels in aggregate size classes and crop performance. The test crop was pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.). The soil material used for the experiment was a humic nitisol from central Kenya mixed with sand (ratio 1:1). Grass residue (equivalent to 20tha–1) was placed on top. The AMF root colonisation and external hyphal length, water-stable macroaggregates and microaggregates, total and easily-extractable glomalin in aggregate size classes, plant biomass and plant N and P uptake were measured. Earthworms were a major source of variation for soil aggregation, glomalin content and crop performance. The epigeic earthworms (D. bolaui) increased the amount of water-stable macroaggregates (by 10%) and glomalin in microaggregates and improved crop (growth and biomass) performance. The endogeic earthworms (P. corethrurus) reduced external hyphal length, root colonisation and crop performance but had no effect on water-stable aggregates and glomalin levels in in aggregate size classes. A significant AMF×earthworm interaction was observed for plant biomass and concentrations of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). The AMF species together with epigeic earthworms increased plant biomass and N and P concentrations. Our results contribute to the understanding of interactions between AMF and earthworms in relation to soil aggregation, plant productivity and nutrient uptake.

The effects of living roots and arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) on soil N2O emissions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yawen Shen ◽  
Tianle Xu ◽  
Biao Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Unplanted Soil ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi ◽  
P Addition

<p>Living roots and arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) are widespread in most terrestrial ecosystems and play an important role in ecosystem nitrogen (N) cycling. However, the influence of living roots and AMF on soil N<sub>2</sub>O emissions remains poorly understood. In this study, we conducted a pot experiment with ryegrass (Lolium perenne) growing in a greenhouse for three months with three factors: root and AMF presence (None or unplanted, Root or with roots, and Root+AMF or with roots colonized by AMF), two N addition levels (N0 and N1 with 0 and 50 mg N kg<sup>-1</sup> soil) and two P addition levels (P0 and P1, with 0 and 20 mg P kg<sup>-1</sup> soil).</p><p> </p><p>Our results showed that N addition didn’t have significant effect on N<sub>2</sub>O emission, however, we detected significant effects of Root and Root+AMF, particularly under P addition. Though the colonization of AMF didn’t significantly influence N<sub>2</sub>O emission, the presence of roots (Root and AMF+Root treatments) deceased N<sub>2</sub>O emission by 58%-67% compared with the None treatment. P addition increased (+134%) N<sub>2</sub>O emission from unplanted soil but decreased (74%-98%) N<sub>2</sub>O emission under planted soil regardless of AMF colonization. Moreover, there were no significant relationship between N<sub>2</sub>O emission and soil pH, NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N and net N mineralization. The lower N<sub>2</sub>O emission from rooted treatments were mainly due to the lower soil NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>-N (and MBN) content which might be immobilized by plant biomass, while the higher N<sub>2</sub>O emission from unplanted soil under P addition was attributed to increased soil available (r=0.760, P<0.01) and total (r=0.654, P<0.01) phosphorus content. We conclude that root presence and P addition played an important role in regulating N<sub>2</sub>O emission from P-limited soils.</p><p></p>

scholarly journals Annual Removal of Aboveground Plant Biomass Alters Soil Microbial Responses to Warming

mBio ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Xue ◽  
Mengting M. Yuan ◽  
Jianping Xie ◽  
Dejun Li ◽  
Yujia Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Functional Genes ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Recalcitrant Carbon ◽  
Microbial Responses

ABSTRACT Clipping (i.e., harvesting aboveground plant biomass) is common in agriculture and for bioenergy production. However, microbial responses to clipping in the context of climate warming are poorly understood. We investigated the interactive effects of grassland warming and clipping on soil properties and plant and microbial communities, in particular, on microbial functional genes. Clipping alone did not change the plant biomass production, but warming and clipping combined increased the C 4 peak biomass by 47% and belowground net primary production by 110%. Clipping alone and in combination with warming decreased the soil carbon input from litter by 81% and 75%, respectively. With less carbon input, the abundances of genes involved in degrading relatively recalcitrant carbon increased by 38% to 137% in response to either clipping or the combined treatment, which could weaken long-term soil carbon stability and trigger positive feedback with respect to warming. Clipping alone also increased the abundance of genes for nitrogen fixation, mineralization, and denitrification by 32% to 39%. Such potentially stimulated nitrogen fixation could help compensate for the 20% decline in soil ammonium levels caused by clipping alone and could contribute to unchanged plant biomass levels. Moreover, clipping tended to interact antagonistically with warming, especially with respect to effects on nitrogen cycling genes, demonstrating that single-factor studies cannot predict multifactorial changes. These results revealed that clipping alone or in combination with warming altered soil and plant properties as well as the abundance and structure of soil microbial functional genes. Aboveground biomass removal for biofuel production needs to be reconsidered, as the long-term soil carbon stability may be weakened. IMPORTANCE Global change involves simultaneous alterations, including those caused by climate warming and land management practices (e.g., clipping). Data on the interactive effects of warming and clipping on ecosystems remain elusive, particularly in microbial ecology. This study found that clipping alters microbial responses to warming and demonstrated the effects of antagonistic interactions between clipping and warming on microbial functional genes. Clipping alone or combined with warming enriched genes degrading relatively recalcitrant carbon, likely reflecting the decreased quantity of soil carbon input from litter, which could weaken long-term soil C stability and trigger positive warming feedback. These results have important implications in assessing and predicting the consequences of global climate change and indicate that the removal of aboveground biomass for biofuel production may need to be reconsidered.

Erratic nodulation and nitrogen fixation in field-grown pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 653 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Brockwell ◽  
JA Andrews ◽  
RR Gault ◽  
LG Gemell ◽  
GW Griffith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
N2 Fixation ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
New South ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Experimental Findings

Following numerous reports of nodulation failures in pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] crops in New South Wales, a series of experiments was conducted in glasshouses and at 6 locations in the field. When inoculated seed was grown in moist vermiculite or in sand beds in the glasshouse, pigeonpea nodulated, and fixed N2, normally; but at 3 sites in the field, we could detect neither nodulation nor N2 fixation, despite adequate inoculation or a population of suitable rhizobia in the soil. At another site there was only sporadic occurrence of effective nodules. Nitrogen was fixed at 2 of the 3 field sites on acid soils, but at 1 site it appeared that nodulation was due to a naturally occurring population of soil rhizobia and not to the inoculant. When comparisons were made, pigeonpea was invariably inferior to symbiotically related legumes, cowpea and adzuki bean, in nodulation and N2 fixation. This inferiority was associated with substantially poorer rhizobial colonisation of pigeonpea rhizospheres. The experimental findings confirmed the anecdotal evidence that pigeonpea is an erratically nodulating grain legume on neutral and alkaline soils.

scholarly journals (431) Evaluation of Anti-transpiration Organic Materials on Strawberry Performance

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1076A-1076
Author(s):  
Sorkel Kadir ◽  
Said Ennahli ◽  
Ben Glass
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Kaolinite Clay ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Significant Difference

Interactive effects of different temperature regimes and anti-transpiration organic materials, Surround WP (kaolinite clay) and Raynox (sun-protectant), on two strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa) cvs. Chandler and Sweet Charlie were investigated under controlled environmental conditions. Newly planted strawberries treated with Surround and Raynox were subjected to 20/15, 30/25, and 40/35 °C (day/night) temperature regimes and 16 day/8 night photoperiod in growth chambers for 42 d. Photosynthesis (A) and photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) were measured at 7-d intervals during the experiment. Plants treated with Raynox displayed greater resistance to high temperature (40/35 °C) compared to those treated with Surround. Net photosynthesis of both cultivars decreased significantly with time at 40/35 °C. There was no significant difference in photosynthetic rate between the two cultivars. Nevertheless, there was difference in plant biomass between the cultivars. Raynox provided more protection against high temperature, specifically in reducing stomatal conductance and limiting transpiration, than Surround.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document