Molecular weight distribution of pretreated thickened waste activated sludge and fat, oil, and grease

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 13227-13236
Author(s):  
Rania Mona Alqaralleh ◽  
Kevin Kennedy ◽  
Robert Delatolla
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Molecular Weight Distribution ◽  
Weight Distribution ◽  
Waste Activated Sludge ◽  
Oil And Grease

Extracellular polymers of ozonized waste activated sludge

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 137-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. Liu ◽  
C.H. Lee ◽  
J.Y. Lai ◽  
K.C. Wang ◽  
Y.C. Hsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Weight Distribution ◽  
Specific Resistance ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Cationic Polyelectrolyte ◽  
Waste Activated Sludge ◽  
Extracellular Polymers ◽  
Capillary Suction ◽  
Ozone Dose

Effect of ozonation on characteristics of waste activated sludge was investigated in the current study. Concentrations of cell-bound extracellular polymers (washed ECPs) did not change much upon ozonation, whereas the sum of cell-bound and soluble extracellular polymers (unwashed ECPs) increased with increasing ozone dose. Washed ECPs in original sludge as divided by molecular weight distribution was 39% < 1,000 Da (low MW), 30% from 1,000 to 10,000 Da (medium MW), and 31% > 10,000 Da (high MW). It was observed that the low-MW fraction decreased, and the high-MW fraction increased in ozonized sludge. The unwashed ECPs were characterized as 44% in low MW, 30% in medium MW, and 26% in high MW. Both low-MW and medium-MW fractions of unwashed ECPs decreased while high-MW fraction increased in ozonized sludge. The dewaterability of ozonized sludge, assessed by capillary suction time (CST) and specific resistance to filtration (SRF), deteriorated with ozone dose. The optimal dose of cationic polyelectrolyte increased with increasing ozone dose. The production rate and the accumulated amount of methane gas of ozonized sludge were also higher.

scholarly journals Extraction, characterisation and metal biosorption of extracellular polysaccharides from activated sludge

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Raynold Mduduzi Zondo
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Molecular Weight Distribution ◽  
Weight Distribution ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Metal Adsorption ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharides ◽  
Purification Method ◽  
Industrial Sludge ◽  
Metal Biosorption

Waste activated sludge is a biological adsorbent whose potential to remove metals from solution and effluent has been demonstrated. Extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) as components of activated sludge are thought to contribute to activated sludge metal biosorption. During the present study characterisation and determination of the metal biosorptive capabilities of domestic and industrial extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) revealed similarities both in terms of chemical composition and metal adsorption potential. Extracellular polysaccharides were extracted from activated sludge, obtained from domestic and industrial sludge treatment plants, using chemical techniques which involved sodium hydroxide extraction and solvent precipitation. A purification technique, which involved precipitation of protein with chloroform and removal of nucleic acids was developed. To assess the efficiency of the purification method, the ratio of extracted polysaccharide to the amount of protein present was determined. This provided an indication of the magnitude of EPS extracted in relation to the degree of cellular disruption. The type of activated sludge being treated was shown to be of particular importance. The quantity of EPS present in the original sample was found to be higher in domestic sludge than in industrial sludge. Purified EPS was fractionated in a column of DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B using stepwise pH gradient elution. Molecular weight distribution was conducted on a column of Sepharose CL-4B. Component monosaccharides were identified by paper chromatography. Monomers identified were glucose, fructose, glucuronic acid and galactosamine. Ion-exchange chromatography results demonstrated the presence of a number of different polysaccharide fractions while gel filtration results indicated a wide molecular weight distribution range of EPS from both domestic and industrial activated sludge. This indicated potential for variety in the EPS content of the activated sludge. Metal adsorption studies were conducted to determine the capabilities of EPS to adsorb metals

Extraction and Partial Purification of Protease from Bilimbi (Averrhoa bilimbi L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Normah Ismail ◽  
Nur' Ain Mohamad Kharoe
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Molecular Weight Distribution ◽  
Weight Distribution ◽  
Protease Activity ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Temperature Stability ◽  
Partial Purification ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate Precipitation

Unripe and ripe bilimbi (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) were ground and the extracted juices were partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation at the concentrations of 40 and 60% (w/v). The collected proteases were analysed for pH, temperature stability, storage stability, molecular weight distribution, protein concentration and protein content. Protein content of bilimbi fruit was 0.89 g. Protease activity of both the unripe and ripe fruit were optimum at pH 4 and 40°C when the juice were purified at 40 and 60% ammonium sulfate precipitation. A decreased in protease activity was observed during the seven days of storage at 4°C. Molecular weight distribution indicated that the proteases protein bands fall between IO to 220 kDa. Protein bands were observed at 25, 50 and 160 kDa in both the unripe and ripe bilimbi proteases purified with 40% ammonium sulfate, however, the bands were more intense in those from unripe bilimbi. No protein bands were seen in proteases purified with 60% ammonium sulfate. Protein concentration was higher for proteases extracted with 40% ammonium sulfate at both ripening stages. Thus, purification using 40% ammonium sulfate precipitation could be a successful method to partially purify proteases from bilimbi especially from the unripe stage. 

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