Biodegradation of Tannic Acid, Chromium and Cadmium Present in Leather Industrial Effluents Using Microorganisms Isolated from Leather Industrial Sludge

The present work was aimed to isolate indigenous predominant adapted Bacterial strains from tannery waste which possess the ability to detoxify and degrade Tannic acid, Chromium and Cadmium from tannery effluent. Fifteen bacterial strains were isolated from tannery sludge samples out of which Paracoccus pantotrophus (Tannery Waste 15) and Bacillus velezensis (Tannery Waste 17) were found to be the most efficient isolates. Degradation of Tannic acid, Cadmium and Chromium were evaluated for the two selected isolates. Better degradation of heavy metals was recorded in co-cultured media on day 7. From the study, it is evident that both P. pantotrophus and B. velezensis have has the ability to degrade tannic acid with maximum degradation on day 7 and absorbance was found to be 0.915 and 0.383 respectively. The strain P. pantotrophus showed better tannic acid degradation than B. velezensis. Better degradation was observed with co-culturing of both the strains with absorbance of 0.274. Optimal cadmium degradation was observed on day 7 with OD 2.013 and 1.709 for B. velezensis and P. pantotrophus respectively. P. pantotrophus showed better cadmium degradation when compared to B. velezensis. Chromium degradation was maximum on day 7 and absorbance was 2.096 for P. pantotrophus and 0.560 for B. velezensis. The isolates recorded an acceptable reduction in the concentration of Tannin, Chromium and Cadmium in tannery effluent. The results of this showed that the isolates reduced the concentration of Tannin, Chromium and Cadmium present in the raw tannery effluent and suggest that the organisms can be used as a possible treatment of tannery effluents. Keywords: Bio-degradation, Bacillus velezensis, Paracoccuspantotrophus, Chromium, Cadmium, Tannic acid, Tannery effluent.

Deodorisasi Sludge Limbah Industri Makanan untuk Pakan Maggot BSF (Black Soldier Fly) dengan Teknik Biosorps

ABSTRACT Organic waste from food and beverage can be degraded by microbes. The sludge from food industries still contains nutrition such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. One attempt to process and utilize the sludge is to reuse it as the growth medium for Black Soldier Fly (BSF) maggot, which is known to have high nutritional value for fish or livestock feed. This research used ice cream industrial sludge as maggot feed. The problem of using the ice cream industrial sludge for maggot feed is the odour that pollutes the environment. Biosorption is a technique for deodorizing waste sludge using organic materials. This research was conducted to obtain the most effective ratio of biosorbents from fermented manure (PKN), compost (K), and calcium carbonate animal shells (Ca) to remove odours by reducing N-ammonia and sulfide in ice cream industrial sludge using biosorption techniques. The effect of biosorbent used for BSF (Black Soldier Fly) maggot feed on maggot growth was also observed. The most effective biosorbent composition in reducing odor, N-ammonia, and sulfide of the sludge was K:Ca:Sludge (1:1:3) with adsorption time of 48 hours and the percentage reduction of 85.0%. However, the number and size of maggot with PKN:K:Sludge (1:1:3) growth media were higher than K:Ca:Sludge (1:1:3). The ratio of PKN:K:Sludge (1:1:3) was proven to increase maggots' growth to provide benefits for farmers in increasing maggot production both in number and size. Keywords: Black Soldier Fly maggot, biosorbent, biosorption, organic waste, waste deodorization ABSTRAK Limbah organik dari industri makanan dan minuman dapat didegradasi oleh mikroba. Sludge dari limbah industri makanan masih mengandung bahan-bahan nutrisi seperti karbohidrat, protein, dan lemak. Salah satu usaha untuk mengolah dan memanfaatkan sludge tersebut adalah dengan menggunakannya kembali sebagai media pertumbuhan maggot Black Soldier Fly (BSF) yang diketahui sangat tinggi kandungan nutrisinya untuk bahan pakan ikan atau ternak. Penelitian ini menggunakan limbah organik dari industri es krim sebagai pakan maggot. Masalah yang ditimbulkan dari pemanfaatan limbah sludge industri es krim untuk pakan maggot adalah bau yang mengganggu dan mencemari lingkungan. Biosorpsi merupakan salah satu cara untuk menghilangkan bau (deodorisasi) pada limbah sludge. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan rasio biosorben pupuk kandang fermentasi (PKN), kompos (K) dan kalsium karbonat dari cangkang hewan (Ca) yang paling efektif dalam menghilangkan bau dengan menurunkan N-amonia dan sulfida pada limbah sludge industri es krim melalui teknik biosorpsi. Pengaruh biosorben yang digunakan untuk pakan maggot BSF juga diamati terhadap pertumbuhan maggot. Rasio K:Ca:Sludge (1:1:3) dengan waktu adsorpsi 48 jam merupakan rasio yang lebih efektif untuk menurunkan bau, N-amonia, dan sulfida pada sludge dengan presentase penurunan 85,0%. Akan tetapi, jumlah dan ukuran maggot hasil panen dengan media pertumbuhan PKN:K:Sludge (1:1:3) lebih besar dibandingkan dengan K:Ca:Sludge (1:1:3). Rasio PKN:K:Sludge (1:1:3) terbukti dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan maggot sehingga memberi manfaat bagi peternak dalam meningkatkan produksi maggot baik secara jumlah dan ukurannya. Kata kunci: maggot Black Soldier Fly, biosorben, biosorpsi, limbah organik, deodorisasi limbah

PENURUNAN KONSENTRASI WARNA LIMBAH CAIR SASIRANGAN MENGGUNAKAN ADSORBENlLIMBAH PADAT. LUMPUR-AKTIF TERAKTIVASI INDUSTRI KARET

Limbah cair sasirangan memiliki tingkat pencemaran yangktinggi dan belummmemenuhi standar untuk dibuang ke lingkungan, sehingga harus dilakukan pengolahan terlebih dahulu. Pembuangan air limbah industri tekstilkke lingkungan tanpa adanya proses pengolahan dapat merusak ekosistem dan menjadi racun bagi organisme air, bahkan beberapa jenis pewarnaadiduga bersifat karsinogen dan membahayakankkesehatan manusia. Metode yang dapat digunakan untuk menurunkankkonsentrasi warna pada airllimbah, salah satunya adalah proses adsorpsi. Salah satu jenis adsorben yang sering digunakan dalam pengolahan air limbah serta dinilai sangattcocok untuk mengurangi zat organik dan warna yaitu karbon aktif. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan analisis penurunan konsentrasi warna limbah cair industri sasirangan menggunakan adsorben yang terbuat dari limbah padat lumpur-aktif.industri karet berbentuk bubuk (powder), denganaaktivasi adsorben menggunakan KOH. Hasil karakteristik limbah cair sasirangan Kampung Sasirangan Banjarmasin yaitu memiliki konsentrasi warna, BOD dan COD yang tinggi, memiliki nilai pH basa yaitu 11 serta konsentrasi logam Cr, Cu dan Cd yang sesuai dengan baku mutu. Sedangkan untuk kondisi operasi terbaik dalam proses adsorpsi warna menggunakan adsorben limbah lumpur–aktif karet adalah pada pH 3, dosis 9 g/L dan waktukkontak 150 menit (2,5 jam) dengannkapasitas adsorpsi 675,7 Pt.Co/g. Kata Kunci: Adsorpsi, limbah lumpur aktif, sasirangan, warna. ABSTRACT Sasirangan textile wastewater has high pollutant power and has not met the requirements to be disposed of into the environment, so it must be treated first. The disposal of textile industrial wastewater to the environment without going through the processing process can damage the ecosystem and become toxic to aquatic organisms, even some types of dyes are thought to be carcinogens and endanger human health. One of the methods that can be used to reduce the color concentration in wastewater is the adsorption process. One type of adsorbent that is commonly used in wastewater treatment and is considered very suitable for reducing organic matter and color is activated carbon. In this study, an analysis of the decrease in the color concentration of the sasirangan industrial wastewater was carried out using an adsorbent made of powdered solid waste of activated rubber industrial sludge with adsorbent activation using KOH. The results of the characteristics of the Sasirangan wastewater in Sasirangan Village, Banjarmasin, namely having a high concentration of color, BOD and COD, having an alkaline pH value of 11 and concentrations of Cr, Cu and Cd metals in accordance with quality standards. As for the best operating conditions in the color adsorption process using waste activated sludge rubber adsorbent is at a pH of 3, a dose of 9 g / L and a contact time of 150 minutes (2.5 hours) with an adsorption capacity of 675.7 Pt.Co/g. Keywords: Adsorption, colour, sasirangan, waste activated sludge.

Geomorphological Processes at the Industrial Sludge Landfill in Sered, Slovakia

The principal aim of the study is to identify the nature and causes of changes to the surface of a landfill body of waste from nickel production located in the industrial zone of the town of Sereď (Slovak Republic). This change is related to natural and anthropogenic geomorphological processes characteristic of the temperate zone of the northern hemisphere. The landfill is an accumulative anthropogenic form of relief, and its body is composed from an artefact-metallurgical sludge, which has specific properties. The landfill constitutes a strange shape of relief at the Danubian Plane, which attracts attention with its physiognomy and also with the black color of the material significantly. It formed during the 30-year-long existence of the nickel smelter plant (1963–1993) and remained in this location, until the present day, for another 28 years after the end of production. Since 1994, the landfill has been the property of a private company that mines sludge in order to obtain residual metals.