Assessment of organic contamination along the coast of Laizhou Bay, China: chemical analysis and integrated biomarker responses in the clam Ruditapes philippinarum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhifeng Wang ◽  
Yuanyuan Shao ◽  
Chaona Li ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
Li Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Ruditapes Philippinarum ◽  
Laizhou Bay ◽  
Organic Contamination

scholarly journals Assessment of Organic Contamination along the Coast of Laizhou Bay, China: Combining Chemical Analysis and Integrated Biomarker Responses in the Clam Ruditapes Philippinarum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhifeng Wang ◽  
Yuanyuan Shao ◽  
Chaona Li ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
Li Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Ruditapes Philippinarum ◽  
Coastal Environment ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Laizhou Bay ◽  
Organic Contamination ◽  
Entire Area ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The marine coastal area is facing serious challenges due to several artificial pollution sources. An investigative biomonitoring survey was conducted along the coastal area of Laizhou Bay, China, which combined an evaluation of organic pollution and biomarker responses in the clam Ruditapes philippinarum. Meanwhile, the contents of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) and nonylphenol (NP) in surface sediments at the biomonitoring sites were measured. The results indicated that a complex mixture by these toxic organic pollutants was prevalent throughout the entire area. Concentrations (mean ± standard error) of PCBs, TPHs and NP in sediments of the study area were 1.90 ± 0.10 µg kg-1, 39.55 ± 2.42 mg kg-1, 9.23 ± 0.41 µg kg-1 dry weight, respectively. Biomarker responses of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Glutathione S-transferase (GST), total glutathione (GSHt) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels were assayed in the gills and digestive glands of R. philippinarum collected from eleven sites. Finally, biomarker responses obtained in gills were selected to calculate the integrated biomarker response (IBR) index and to assess the impact of integrated organic contaminants from different stations. The site S2 exhibited an IBR value of 2.65 and was considered as the place with the greatest stress in coastal environment. The western coast (S1-S4) and eastern coast (S9-S11) exhibited higher environmental stress than the sampling sites along the southern coast of Laizhou Bay. PCBs and NP were the main organic pollutants which have caused high level of pollution pressure on R. philippinarum in Laizhou Bay coastal area. The integrated assessment approach of organic contamination which combined chemical analysis and multi-biomarker responses was proved to be practical and useful in coastal environment assessment programs.

Using multi-integrated biomarker indexes approach to assess marine quality and health status of marine organism: a case study of Ruditapes philippinarum in Laizhou Bay, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 9916-9930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongwang Ji ◽  
Luqing Pan ◽  
Ruiming Guo ◽  
Lei Zheng ◽  
Mengyu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Marine Organism ◽  
Ruditapes Philippinarum ◽  
Laizhou Bay

Aspects of microanalysis in a transmission electron microscope

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 510-511
Author(s):  
R. Sinclair ◽  
B.E. Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Critical Currents ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
Transmission Electron

INTRODUCTIONThe prospect of performing chemical analysis of thin specimens at any desired level of resolution is particularly appealing to the materials scientist. Commercial TEM-based systems are now available which virtually provide this capability. The purpose of this contribution is to illustrate its application to problems which would have been intractable until recently, pointing out some current limitations.X-RAY ANALYSISIn an attempt to fabricate superconducting materials with high critical currents and temperature, thin Nb3Sn films have been prepared by electron beam vapor deposition [1]. Fine-grain size material is desirable which may be achieved by codeposition with small amounts of Al2O3 . Figure 1 shows the STEM microstructure, with large (∽ 200 Å dia) voids present at the grain boundaries. Higher quality TEM micrographs (e.g. fig. 2) reveal the presence of small voids within the grains which are absent in pure Nb3Sn prepared under identical conditions. The X-ray spectrum from large (∽ lμ dia) or small (∽100 Ǻ dia) areas within the grains indicates only small amounts of A1 (fig.3).

Integrated morphometrical and electron energy loss image analysis in cytochemistry

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 402-403
Author(s):  
W.C. de Bruijn ◽  
A.A.W. de Jong ◽  
C.W.J. Sorber
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Active Form ◽  
List Type ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Enzyme Cytochemistry ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Endogenous Peroxidase ◽  
Electron Energy Loss

One aspect of enzyme cytochemistry is, whether all macrophage lysosomal hydrolytical enzymes are present in an active form, or are activated upon stimulation. Integrated morphometrical and chemical analysis has been chosen as a tool to illucidate that cytochemical problem. Mouse peritoneal resident macrophages have been used as a model for this complicated integration of morphometrical and element-related data. Only aldehyde-fixed cells were treated with three cytochemical reactions to detect different enzyme activities within one cell (for details see [1,2]). The enzyme-related precipitates anticipated to be differentiated, were:(1).lysosomal barium and sulphur from aryl sulphatase activity,(2).lysosomal cerium and phosphate from acid phosphatase activity and(3).platinum/di-amino-benzidine( D A B) complex from endogenous peroxidase activity.

Microdomains in BaFeO3-y (0.35 < y < 0.50)

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 780-781
Author(s):  
M. Vallet-Regí ◽  
M. Parras ◽  
J.M. González-Calbet ◽  
J.C. Grenier
Keyword(s):  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Monoclinic Phase ◽  
Orthorhombic Phase ◽  
Total Iron ◽  
Zone Axis ◽  
Electron Micrograph ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Compositional Variations

BaFeO3-y compositions (0.35<y<0.50) have been investigated by means of electron diffraction and microscopy to resolve contradictory results from powder X-ray diffraction data.The samples were obtained by annealing BaFeO2.56 for 48 h. in the temperature range from 980°C to 1050°C . Total iron and barium in the samples were determined using chemical analysis and gravimetric methods, respectively.In the BaFeO3-y system, according to the electron diffraction and microscopy results, the nonstoichiometry is accommodated in different ways as a function of the composition (y):In the domain between BaFeO2.5+δBaFeO2.54, compositional variations are accommodated through the formation of microdomains. Fig. la shows the ED pattern of the BaFeO2.52 material along thezone axis. The corresponding electron micrograph is seen in Fig. 1b. Several domains corresponding to the monoclinic BaFeO2.50 phase, intergrow with domains of the orthorhombic phase. According to that, the ED pattern of Fig. 1a, can be interpreted as formed by the superposition of three types of diffraction maxima : Very strong spots corresponding to a cubic perovskite, a set of maxima due to the superposition of three domains of the monoclinic phase along [100]m and a series of maxima corresponding to three domains corresponding to the orthorhombic phase along the [100]o.

Production of asari (Manila) clams, Ruditapes philippinarum, during the period of harvest decrease in the 2000s in the Banzu tidal area, Tokyo Bay

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Mitsuharu Toba ◽  
Jun Kakino ◽  
Kazuo Tada ◽  
Yutaka Kobayashi ◽  
Hideharu Tsuchie
Keyword(s):  
Field Investigation ◽  
Ruditapes Philippinarum ◽  
Management Style ◽  
Seed Stock ◽  
Tokyo Bay ◽  
Yearly Variation ◽  
Culture Area ◽  
Stock Biomass ◽  
Tidal Area ◽  
High Level

In Tokyo Bay, the harvestable quantity of asari (Manila) clams Ruditapes philippinarum has been decreasing since the late 1990s. We conducted a field investigation on clam density in the Banzu culture area from April 1988 to December 2014 and collected records spanning January 1986 to September 2017 from relevant fisheries cooperative associations to clarify the relationship between the temporal variation in stock abundance and the production activities of fishermen. The yearly variation in clam abundance over the study period was marked by larger decreases in the numbers of larger clams. A large quantity of juvenile clams, beyond the biological productivity of the culture area, may have been introduced as seed stock in the late 1980s despite the high level of harvestable stock. The declines in harvested quantity began in the late 1990s and may have been caused by decreases in harvestable stock despite the continuous addition of seed stock clams. The harvested quantity is likely to be significantly dependent upon the wild clam population, even within the culture area, as the harvestable quantity was not correlated with the quantity of seed stock introduced during the study period. These declines in harvested quantity may have resulted from a decreasing number of operating harvesters due to the low level of harvestable stock and consequently reduced profitability. Two findings were emphasized. A certain management style, based on predictions of the contributions of wild and introduced clams to future stock biomass, is essential for economically-feasible culturing. In areas with less harvestable stock, actions should be taken to maintain the incomes of harvesters while avoiding overexploitation, even if the total harvest quantity decreases.

High quality bergamot oil from Cephallonia (Greece): chemical analysis using enantiomeric GC-MS and larvicidal activity against mosquitoes

Planta Medica ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (09) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Melliou ◽  
P Magiatis ◽  
A Michaelakis ◽  
G Koliopoulos ◽  
AL Skaltsounis
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Bergamot Oil

Chemical Analysis of an Ayurvedic Herbo-Metallic Preparation Containing Mercury: Speciation of Mercury

Planta Medica ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
B Avula ◽  
YH Wang ◽  
CS Rumalla ◽  
AG Chittiboyina ◽  
A Srivastava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Mercury Speciation

Chemical analysis and biological activities of methanol extracts from Astragalus gombiformis Pomel (Fabaceae)

Planta Medica ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
H Teyeb ◽  
O Houta ◽  
A Lamari ◽  
M Neffati ◽  
W Douki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Methanol Extracts
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