Modeling mortality rates and environmental degradation in Asia and the Pacific: does income group matter?

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suborna Barua ◽  
Bosede Ngozi Adeleye ◽  
Darlington Akam ◽  
Ifeoluwa Ogunrinola ◽  
Mohammad Musa Shafiq
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
The Pacific

scholarly journals Climate Crises and the Creation of ‘Undeserving’ Victims

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Stanley
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
The West ◽  
Liberal Democracies ◽  
Environmental Threats ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Climate Crisis

This paper explores how advanced liberal democracies respond to climate migrants in ways that reflect colonial logics and practices. With a focus on the Pacific, it reflects on three constructions of climate crisis victims. First, as savages—those incapable of adapting or thriving under catastrophic environmental threats and who need to be saved by ‘the West’. Secondly, as threats—the hordes who will threaten white civilization and who must be sorted, excluded, detained and deported. Thirdly, as ‘non-ideal’ victims—those undeserving of full legal protections but who may survive under hostile conditions in receiving states. These political and policy responses create systemic harms and injustice for those who struggle under or must flee environmental degradation, and they function to ensure that those most to blame for climate crises are prioritized as having least responsibility to take action. The paper concludes with consideration of socially just responses to those most affected from climate harms.

scholarly journals Indigenous Art and Sovereignty Inspiring Change against Environmental Degradation

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Estelle Castro-Koshy ◽  
Géraldine Le Roux
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
French Guiana ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Caribbean

This special issue on “Environmental Artistic Practices and Indigeneity: In(ter)ventions, Recycling, Sovereignty" constitutes a body of creative contributions and academic articles addressing numerous forms of artistic practices of the Pacific Islands, Australia, French Guiana, the Caribbean, and Southeast Asia. Inspired by Indigenous artists and writers whose practices and creativity help reimagine sustainable ways to inhabit the world, this introduction and our special issue interrogate contemporary environmental issues and the legacy of colonisation. They examine how Indigenous artists and writers, and artists working with Indigenous artists and communities, have for decades raised awareness about environmental issues, and encouraged people to regain their agency to struggle against environmental degradation and further destruction of Indigenous people’s societies and health. This introduction contextualises the concepts and Indigenous terms used by artists to express their vision of what a respectful relationship with the environment would be. It also offers readings of the beautiful literary and artistic creative contributions included in this issue. Environmental themes such as waste recycling, health issues, pollutants (mercury, POPs), and agricultural technics are discussed here in light of human and non-human life and agency. This issue also features a significant range of calls for action to better protect and restore ecosystems.

scholarly journals Avian influenza A(H5N1) – current situation

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Melidou
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
H5n1 Influenza Virus ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
H5n1 Influenza ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Overall Mortality

The A(H5N1) influenza virus has re-emerged in 2003 in Asia, Africa, the Pacific Region as well as Europe and since then has become endemic in some countries. The virus is usually highly pathogenic and is associated with high morbidity and overall mortality rates that reach 61%.

An historical attempt to control flying foxes in Samoa with an introduced disease.

2001 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
DHR Spennemann ◽  
J Wiles GJ Gary
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Population Recovery ◽  
Previous Exposure ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Flying Foxes ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Disease Epidemics

SEVERE disease epidemics are a rare but widely distributed phenomenon among flying foxes (genus Pteropus) in the Pacific islands (Flannery 1989; Pierson and Rainey 1992; Rainey 1998). The few documented outbreaks have produced extensive mortality and steep population declines, and are often followed by periods of slow population recovery. The diseases involved have never been identified, but have sometimes been preceded by local epidemics among humans or domestic animals. The high mortality rates of the bats support the theory of a novel introduced pathogen to which populations lacked previous exposure (Flannery 1989).

scholarly journals Is there an association between elongation factor 1-α overdominance in the seastar Pisaster ochraceus and “seastar wasting disease”?

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Wares ◽  
Lauren Schiebelhut
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Wasting Disease ◽  
Pisaster Ochraceus ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Elongation Factor 1

In recent years, a massive plague has killed millions of seastars, of many different species, along the Pacific coast of North America. This disease, known as 'seastar wasting disease' (SSWD), is thought to be caused by viral infection. In the affected seastar Pisaster ochraceus, previous work had identified that the elongation factor 1-α locus harbored an intronic insertion allele that is lethal when homozygous yet appears to be maintained at moderate frequency in populations through increased fitness for heterozygotes. The environmental conditions supporting this increased fitness are unknown, but overdominance is often associated with disease. Here, we evaluate seastars from 3 regional populations of P. ochraceus to identify the relationship between SSWD and genotype. Although our data suggest that there may be decreased infection or mortality rates in individuals that are heterozygous at this locus, the effect is small and not statistically significant.

scholarly journals Ostreid Herpesvirus 1 Infection among Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) Spat: Relevance of Water Temperature to Virus Replication and Circulation Prior to the Onset of Mortality

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (17) ◽  
pp. 5419-5426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tristan Renault ◽  
Anne Lise Bouquet ◽  
Julien-Thomas Maurice ◽  
Coralie Lupo ◽  
Philippe Blachier
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Crassostrea Gigas ◽  
Pacific Oyster ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Mass Mortality ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pacific Oysters ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Ostreid Herpesvirus 1

ABSTRACTA number of bivalve species worldwide, including the Pacific oyster,Crassostrea gigas, have been affected by mass mortality events associated with herpesviruses, resulting in significant losses. A particular herpesvirus was purified from naturally infected larval Pacific oysters, and its genome was completely sequenced. This virus has been classified asOstreid herpesvirus 1(OsHV-1) within the familyMalacoherpesviridae. Since 2008, mass mortality outbreaks amongC. gigasin Europe have been related to the detection of a variant of OsHV-1 called μVar. Additional data are necessary to better describe mortality events in relation to environmental-parameter fluctuations and OsHV-1 detection. For this purpose, a single batch of Pacific oyster spat was deployed in 4 different locations in the Marennes-Oleron area (France): an oyster pond (“claire”), a shellfish nursery, and two locations in the field. Mortality rates were recorded based on regular observation, and samples were collected to search for and quantify OsHV-1 DNA by real-time PCR. Although similar massive mortality rates were reported at the 4 sites, mortality was detected earlier in the pond and in the nursery than at both field sites. This difference may be related to earlier increases in water temperature. Mass mortality was observed among oysters a few days after increases in the number of PCR-positive oysters and viral-DNA amounts were recorded. An initial increment in the number of PCR-positive oysters was reported at both field sites during the survey in the absence of significant mortality. During this period, the water temperature was below 16°C.

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