Effects of chemical dispersant on the surface properties of kaolin and aggregation with spilled oil

Abstract After oil spills occur, dispersed oil droplets can collide with suspended particles in the water column to form the oil-mineral aggregate (OMA) and settle to the seafloor. However, only a few studies have concerned the effect of chemical dispersant on this process. In this paper, the mechanism by which dispersant affects the surface properties of kaolin as well as the viscosity and oil-seawater interfacial tension (IFTow) of Roncador crude oil were separately investigated by small scale tests. The results indicated that the presence of dispersant impairs the zeta potential and enhances the hydrophobicity of kaolin. The viscosity of Roncador crude oil rose slightly as the dosage of dispersant increased while IFTow decreased significantly. Furthermore, the oil dispersion and OMA formation at different dispersant-to-oil ratio (DOR) were evaluated in a wave tank. When DOR was less than 1:40, the oil enhancement of dispersant was not significant. In comparison, it began to contribute when DOR was over 1:40 and the effect became more pronounced with the increasing DOR. The adhesion between oil droplets and kaolin was inhibited with the increasing DOR. The size ratio between oil droplets and particles is the significant factor for OMA formation. The closer the oil-mineral size ratio is to 1, the more difficultly the OMA forms.

Download Full-text

FREQUENCY OF DISPERSANT USE WORLDWIDE

International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings ◽

10.7901/2169-3358-2008-1-645 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 2008 (1) ◽

pp. 645-649 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Alexis Steen ◽

Abigail Findlay

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Response ◽

Open Water ◽

Geographic Region ◽

Response Option ◽

Actual Frequency ◽

Chemical Dispersant ◽

The World ◽

Spilled Oil

ABSTRACT Chemical dispersant use has been regarded in some areas of the world as a non-traditional response option for open water marine spills. This view is based on the historical prevalence of mechanical response and the additional regulatory or permitting requirements placed on organizations which wish to use dispersants. While such requirements may be a deterrent, the response community underestimates the actual frequency of dispersant use. Based on response reports for maritime spills, the frequency of worldwide dispersant use is summarized over the last four decades. Information is also summarized by the geographic region where the dispersant was applied and using any reports on effectiveness. Effectiveness reports are uneven in quality and, in many cases, absent. This situation underscores the importance of knowing if an oil is dispersible beforehand and monitoring the performance of a dispersant on a spilled oil afterward.

Download Full-text

Dispersion of spilled oil in freshwater systems: Field trial of a chemical dispersant

Oil and Chemical Pollution ◽

10.1016/s0269-8579(05)80038-3 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 37-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

H.M. Brown ◽

J.S. Goudey ◽

J.M. Foght ◽

S.K. Cheng ◽

M. Dale ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Field Trial ◽

Freshwater Systems ◽

Chemical Dispersant ◽

Spilled Oil

Download Full-text

The Influence of Chemical Dispersants on the Properties of Crude Oil

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.608-609.1387 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 608-609 ◽

pp. 1387-1390

Author(s):

Juan Sun ◽

Dong Feng Zhao ◽

Jing Sun ◽

Chao Cheng Zhao

Keyword(s):

Crude Oil ◽

Heavy Oil ◽

Aquatic Environment ◽

Oil Spills ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Chemical Dispersant ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Spilled Oil ◽

And Chemical Properties

After oil spills in the coastal aquatic environment, the physical and chemical properties of the spilled oil may change under the influence of the chemical dispersant and form emulsions in the water. This paper presents the results of a laboratory study on the influence of chemical dispersant to the properties of crude oil. The experiments were conducted using two widely-used surfactant GM-2 and BH-X, two crude oil samples and artificial seawater. Density, viscosity and emulsification rate of crude oil with different amounts of dispersant added was measured. The results show that viscosity of the crude oil was highly influenced by the chemical dispersant. The maximum emulsification rate of the Saudi Arabian middle crude oil was 54.1% and 57.4% with the dispersant to oil ratio above 0.8, whereas the emulsification rate of the heavy oil was significantly lower than the middle oil with both of the two types of chemical dispersant.

Download Full-text

Biological and Surface Properties of C-Type Virus Particles Produced by Novikoff Ascites Hepatoma Cells

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100079395 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 35 ◽

pp. 388-389

Author(s):

D.C. Hixson ◽

J.C. Chan ◽

J.M. Bowen ◽

E.F. Walborg

Keyword(s):

Surface Properties ◽

Ricinus Communis ◽

Rat Kidney ◽

Leukemia Virus ◽

Viral Envelope ◽

Virus Particles ◽

Chemically Induced ◽

Sarcoma Virus ◽

Hepatocarcinoma Cells ◽

Type C

Several years ago Karasaki (1) reported the production of type C virus particles by Novikoff ascites hepatocarcinoma cells. More recently, Weinstein (2) has reported the presence of type C virus particles in cell cultures derived from transplantable and primary hepatocellular carcinomas. To date, the biological function of these virus and their significance in chemically induced hepatocarcinogenesis are unknown. The present studies were initiated to determine a possible role for type C virus particles in chemically induced hepatocarcinogenesis. This communication describes results of studies on the biological and surface properties of type C virus associated with Novikoff hepatocarcinoma cells.Ecotropic and xenotropic murine leukemia virus (MuLV) activity in ascitic fluid of Novikoff tumor-bearing rats was assayed in murine sarcoma virus transformed S+L- mouse cells and S+L- mink cells, respectively. The presence of sarcoma virus activity was assayed in non-virus-producing normal rat kidney (NRK) cells. Ferritin conjugates of concanavalin A (Fer-Con wheat germ agglutinin (Fer-WGA), and Ricinus communis agglutinins I and II (Fer-RCAI and Fer-RCAII) were used to probe the structure and topography of saccharide determinants present on the viral envelope.

Download Full-text

Inelastic scattering at surfaces and interfaces

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100143560 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

pp. 392-393

Author(s):

R. H. Ritchie ◽

A. Howie

Keyword(s):

Inelastic Scattering ◽

Surface Properties ◽

Correlation Energy ◽

Condensed Matter ◽

Charged Particles ◽

Condensed Matter Physics ◽

Optical Phonons ◽

Exchange Correlation ◽

Surfaces And Interfaces ◽

Inelastic Interactions

An important part of condensed matter physics in recent years has involved detailed study of inelastic interactions between swift electrons and condensed matter surfaces. Here we will review some aspects of such interactions.Surface excitations have long been recognized as dominant in determining the exchange-correlation energy of charged particles outside the surface. Properties of surface and bulk polaritons, plasmons and optical phonons in plane-bounded and spherical systems will be discussed from the viewpoint of semiclassical and quantal dielectric theory. Plasmons at interfaces between dissimilar dielectrics and in superlattice configurations will also be considered.

Download Full-text