Improving the integrated hybrid LCA in the upstream scope 3 emissions inventory analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Ho Lee ◽  
Hwong-Wen Ma
Keyword(s):  
Inventory Analysis ◽  
Hybrid Lca ◽  
Emissions Inventory ◽  
Integrated Hybrid Lca

scholarly journals The role of services and capital in footprint modelling

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Font Vivanco
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Hybrid Lca ◽  
Truncation Errors ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Comprehensive Service ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Integrated Hybrid Lca

Abstract Purpose System incompleteness is an outstanding issue in footprint studies, causing systemic truncation errors and misestimation of results. This issue has many implications for analysts, from misleading conclusions in comparative assessments to hampering effective data exchange and comparability between models. A key element of system incompleteness is the treatment of services and capital, which are, respectively, often misrepresented in life cycle assessment (LCA, due to being largely missing in process-based databases) and input–output analysis (IOA, due to being exogenous to the intermediate uses). To gain insight into both the magnitude of such truncation errors and how to mitigate these, this paper analyses the impact of systematically including both services and capital in the system descriptions used in footprint analysis. Methods Manufactured capital is endogenised into the input–output table (IOT) by using capital use information from growth and productivity accounts. Comprehensive service inputs are included in life cycle inventories (LCIs) by means of integrated hybrid LCA. For illustration purposes, the method is applied on two popular LCI and IOT databases—ecoinvent and EXIOBASE—and four common modelling applications of LCA and IOA: LCA- and IOA-based footprints, comparison between IOA and LCA footprints, and a case study using hybrid LCA. Results and discussion The results suggest that the inclusion of both services and capital, either individually or in combination, leads to overall notable differences in footprint results, for example, median relative changes in carbon footprints of 41% and 12%, respectively, for IOA- and LCA-based footprints. Such differences can have notable implications, such as redefining environmental ‘hotspots’ and reversing the results of comparative analyses. Results, however, vary greatly across applications, impact categories and industry/product types, and so specific implications will depend on the research question and scope of analysis. Overall, endogenising capital has a larger impact than including missing services. Conclusions This exercise highlights two fundamental aspects for footprint modelling: the trade-offs between external and internal consistency and the facilitation of model integration. First, the proposed method increases system completeness of LCA (external consistency with the subject of study, namely economic systems) at the expense of internal inconsistencies stemming from ontological discrepancies between input–output and LCI systems (e.g. system completeness). This discrepancy can be mitigated by exploiting the potential of integrated hybrid LCA to create a highly interconnected hybrid system. Second, this approach shows how footprint models can complement each other towards more comprehensive and consistent descriptions of the socio-economic metabolism.

Ecological specificities of the interaction between animal breeding and climate changes, caused by greenhouse gas emissions

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 62-72
Author(s):  
O. Zhukorsky ◽  
O. Nykyforuk ◽  
N. Boltyk
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Animal Breeding ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Emissions Inventory ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
Global Problems

Aim. Proper development of animal breeding in the conditions of current global problems and the decrease of anthropogenic burden on environment due to greenhouse gas emissions, caused by animal breeding activity, require the study of interaction processes between animal breeding and external climatic conditions. Methods. The theoretical substantiation of the problem was performed based on scientifi c literature, statistical informa- tion of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization and the data of the National greenhouse gas emissions inventory in Ukraine. Theoretically possible emissions of greenhouse gases into atmosphere due to animal breeding in Ukraine and specifi c farms are calculated by the international methods using the statistical infor- mation about animal breeding in Ukraine and the economic-technological information of the activity of the investigated farms. Results. The interaction between the animal breeding production and weather-and-climate conditions of environment was analyzed. Possible vectors of activity for the industry, which promote global warming and negative processes, related to it, were determined. The main factors, affecting the formation of greenhouse gases from the activity of enterprises, aimed at animal breeding production, were characterized. Literature data, statistical data and calculations were used to analyze the role of animal breeding in the green- house gas emissions in global and national framework as well as at the level of specifi c farms with the consid- eration of individual specifi cities of these farms. Conclusions. Current global problems require clear balance between constant development of sustainable animal breeding and the decrease of the carbon footprint due to the activity of animal breeding.

scholarly journals Using Airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) to Characterize Forest Stand Condition on the Kenai Peninsula of Alaska

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Erik Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Grid Cell ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
Light Detection And Ranging ◽  
Inventory Analysis ◽  
Light Detection ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Kenai Peninsula

Abstract Airborne laser scanning (also known as light detection and ranging or LIDAR) data were used to estimate three fundamental forest stand condition classes (forest stand size, land cover type, and canopy closure) at 32 Forest Inventory Analysis (FIA) plots distributed over the Kenai Peninsula of Alaska. Individual tree crown segment attributes (height, area, and species type) were derived from the three-dimensional LIDAR point cloud, LIDAR-based canopy height models, and LIDAR return intensity information. The LIDAR-based crown segment and canopy cover information was then used to estimate condition classes at each 10-m grid cell on a 300 × 300-m area surrounding each FIA plot. A quantitative comparison of the LIDAR- and field-based condition classifications at the subplot centers indicates that LIDAR has potential as a useful sampling tool in an operational forest inventory program.

Measurements of ammonia emissions from oak and pine forests and development of a non-industrial ammonia emissions inventory in texas

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (37) ◽  
pp. 7137-7153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Golam Sarwar ◽  
Richard L. Corsi ◽  
Kerry A. Kinney ◽  
Joel A. Banks ◽  
Vince M. Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pine Forests ◽  
Ammonia Emissions ◽  
Emissions Inventory

Underground Gas Storage Inventory Analysis by a Noniterative Method

2004 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Liu ◽  
Faruk Civan
Keyword(s):  
Production Rate ◽  
Gas Storage ◽  
Solution Algorithm ◽  
System Model ◽  
Inventory Analysis ◽  
Underground Gas Storage ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Practical Model ◽  
Variable Production

Underground gas storage inventory and conditions are predicted using a practical model and a noniterative solution algorithm. Various simulation scenarios concerning underground gas storage in depleted reservoirs with variable production rate and temperature conditions demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach. It is shown that the gas storage parameters can be determined conveniently by solving the system model directly without resorting to the tedious procedures of the previous approaches.

scholarly journals Inventory analysis of the timber industry in Ghana

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 715-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Frank Eshun ◽  
José Potting ◽  
Rik Leemans
Keyword(s):  
Inventory Analysis ◽  
Timber Industry
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