Investigation of scale inhibition mechanisms based on the effect of scale inhibitor on calcium carbonate crystal forms

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
GuiCai Zhang ◽  
JiJiang Ge ◽  
MingQin Sun ◽  
BinLin Pan ◽  
Tao Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Scale Inhibitor ◽  
Crystal Forms ◽  
Scale Inhibition

Research on the synthesis and scale inhibition performance of a new terpolymer scale inhibitor

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 1619-1627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yufei Bao ◽  
Meng Li ◽  
Yanqing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Polymerization Reaction ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Scale Inhibitor ◽  
Sodium Styrene Sulfonate ◽  
Scale Inhibition ◽  
High Conversion Rate ◽  
Infrared Spectrometer ◽  
Chelating Ability ◽  
Inhibition Performance

A new terpolymer named β-CD-MA-SSS was produced using free-radical polymerization of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), maleic-anhydride (MA) and sodium-styrene-sulfonate (SSS) as monomers, with potassium persulfate (KPS) as initiator. Its performance as a scale inhibitor to prevent deposition of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) has been investigated. Experimental results demonstrated that β-CD-MA-SSS performed excellent scale inhibition and exhibited a high conversion rate under the following conditions: initiator consisting of 6%, molar ratio of reaction monomers SSS:MA = 0.8:1, MA:β-CD = 6:1, reaction temperature of 80 °C, reaction time of 6 h, and dropping time of 40 min when MA was dosed as a substrate, and SSS and KPS were dosed as dropping reactants simultaneously. Use of a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer for this inhibitor showed that the polymerization reaction had taken place with the reaction monomers under the above specified conditions. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that the β-CD-MA-SSS had a strong chelating ability for calcium (Ca2+) and a good dispersion ability for calcium carbonate (CaCO3).

Synthesis of New Phosphate and the Evaluation as Scale Inhibitor in Oilfield

2019 ◽  
Vol 814 ◽  
pp. 493-498
Author(s):  
Ren Jun Xu ◽  
Hua Lei He ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Hai Peng Hui ◽  
Qiao Na Liu
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Phosphonic Acid ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Inhibition Rate ◽  
Scale Inhibitor ◽  
Composite Scale ◽  
Scale Inhibition ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Inhibition Performance

Compared with inorganic phosphonates, organic phosphonates have better chemical stability in water treatment, and are not easy to hydrolyze in higher temperature and wider pH range. In this paper, a one-step synthesis method of ethylene diamine tetra (methylene phosphonic acid) sodium (EDTMPS) and methylene phosphonic acid (DTPMPA) were studied. A new phosphate scale inhibitor was prepared and its scale inhibition performance was evaluated. The results showed that the scale inhibition rate increased with the increase of the concentration of synthetic products (EDTMPS, DTPMPA). At the same concentration, compared with DTPMPA, EDTMPS has better scale inhibition performance, and the maximum scale inhibition rate can reach 96.85%. The scale inhibition performance of composite scale inhibitor is better than that of single scale inhibitor, and the scale inhibition rate of the synthesized products can reach more than 90% after compounding. And inhibitory mechanism has been proposed: Because phosphonates effectively control the rate of nucleation. In addition, polyphosphonates can chelate Ca2+, Mg2+ plasma to form monocyclic or bicyclic chelates. This will destroy the normal growth process of calcium carbonate and other crystals, thus preventing the formation of calcium carbonate scale.

Research Progress of Scale Inhibition Mechanism

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 2411-2414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Xiu Liu ◽  
Ai Jiang He
Keyword(s):  
Metal Surface ◽  
Inorganic Salt ◽  
Simulation Technique ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Inhibition Mechanism ◽  
Scale Inhibitor ◽  
Scale Inhibition

Scale inhibitor is a medicament which has the properties of dispersing insoluble inorganic salt in water, and preventing or obstructing sediment and scaling of insoluble inorganic salt on metal surface. Research on the mechanism of scale inhibition can promote using and developing scale inhibitors. In this paper, the traditional macroscopic mechanism of scale inhibition was firstly analyzed, and it was also emphasized to introduce the research progress of quantization simulation technique on the mechanism of scale inhibition, and it was also suggested to combine the microstructure of scale crystal with quantization simulation technique to have a further study on the mechanism of scale inhibition.

Synthesis, Characterization and Properties of the IA / SAS Copolymer

2013 ◽  
Vol 423-426 ◽  
pp. 404-407
Author(s):  
Zhen Fa Liu ◽  
Hao Lin Fu ◽  
Li Hui Zhang ◽  
Yan He Zhang ◽  
Xuan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Itaconic Acid ◽  
Inhibition Rate ◽  
Biodegradation Rate ◽  
Scale Inhibition ◽  
Good Scale

A copolymer was prepared from itaconic acid (IA) and sodium allysulfonate (SAS). The structure of the IA/SAS copolymer was characterized by the means of FTIR. The performances of scale inhibition, dispersion and biodegradability of the IA/SAS copolymer were studied. The results showed that the IA/SAS copolymer had good scale inhibition and dispersing performance. The scale inhibition rate on calcium carbonate was 93% when the copolymer was 20 mg·L-1. The scale inhibition rate on calcium phosphate was 92% when the copolymer was 24 mg·L-1. The copolymer had good biodegradation performance and biodegradation rate could reach 69.5% after 28 days.

Combined effect of constant high voltage electrostatic field and variable frequency pulsed electromagnetic field on the morphology of calcium carbonate scale in circulating cooling water systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 1074-1082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju-Dong Zhao ◽  
Zhi-An Liu ◽  
Er-Jun Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Variable Frequency ◽  
Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Calcium Carbonate Precipitation ◽  
Water Flow Velocity ◽  
Scale Inhibition ◽  
Pulsed Electromagnetic

Research on scale inhibition is of importance to improve the heat transfer efficiency of heat exchangers. The combined effect of high voltage electrostatic and variable frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields on calcium carbonate precipitation was investigated, both theoretically and experimentally. Using energy dispersive spectrum analysis, the predominant phase was found to be CaCO3. The formed crystal phases mainly consist of calcite and aragonite, which is, in part, verified by theory. The results indicate that the setting of water flow velocity, and high voltage electrostatic and variable frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields is very important. Favorable values of these parameters can have a significant anti-scaling effect, with 68.95% of anti-scaling ratio for scale sample 13, while unfavorable values do not affect scale inhibition, but rather promoted fouling, such as scale sample 6. By using scanning electron microscopy analysis, when the anti-scaling ratio is positive, the particle size of scale was found to become smaller than that of untreated sample and the morphology became loose. The X-ray diffraction results verify that the good combined effect favors the appearance and growth of aragonite and restrains its transition to calcite. The mechanism for scale reduction is discussed.

Scale inhibitors with a hyper-branched structure: preparation, characterization and scale inhibition mechanism

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (95) ◽  
pp. 92943-92952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henghui Huang ◽  
Qi Yao ◽  
Hualin Chen ◽  
Bailing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Inhibition Efficiency ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Inhibition Mechanism ◽  
Industrial Water ◽  
Scale Inhibitor ◽  
Phosphorus Pollution ◽  
Scale Inhibition ◽  
New Type ◽  
Branched Structure

In order to improve the scale inhibition efficiency of existing scale inhibitors for industrial water and to reduce the phosphorus pollution of water bodies, a new type of scale inhibitor with a hyper-branched structure has been developed.

Pre-Production Deployed Scale Inhibition Treatments in Deep-Water, West Africa

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.. Patterson ◽  
W.. Williams ◽  
M.. Jordan ◽  
R.. Douglas
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Barium Sulphate ◽  
Scale Inhibitor ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
Scale Inhibition ◽  
Production Wells ◽  
Scale Control

Abstract The injection of seawater into oil-bearing reservoirs in order to maintain reservoir pressure and improve secondary recovery is a well-established, mature operation. Moreover, the degree of risk posed by deposition of mineral scales (carbonate/sulphate) to the injection and production wells during such operations has been much studied. The current deep-water subsea developments offshore West Africa and Brazil have brought into sharp focus the need to manage scale in an effective way. In a deepwater West African field the relatively small number of high-cost, highly productive wells, coupled with a high barium sulphate scaling tendency upon breakthrough of injection seawater meant not only was effective scale management critical to achieve high hydrocarbon recovery, but even wells at low water cuts have proven to be at sufficient risk to require early squeeze application. To provide effective scale control in these wells at low water cuts, phosphonate-based inhibitors were applied as part of the acid perforation wash and overflush stages prior to frac packing operations. The deployment of this inhibitor proved effective in controlling barium sulphate scale formation during initial water production eliminating the need to scale squeeze the wells at low water cuts (<10% BS&W). To increase the volumes of scale inhibitor being deployed in the pre-production treatments and so extend the treatment lifetimes scale inhibitor was also added to the frac gel used to carry the frac sand. This paper outlines the selection methods for the inhibitor chemical for application in frac fluids in terms of rheology, retention/release, formation damage and presents the chemical returns profile from the 5 wells treated (some treatments lasting > 300 days) along with monitoring methods utilized to confirm scale control in the wells treated. Many similar fields are currently being developed in the Campos basin, Gulf of Mexico, and West Africa, and this paper is a good example of best-practice sharing from another oil basin.

Calcium carbonate scale inhibition of a cathode surface under polarization by 2-phosphonobutane-1, 2, 4-tricarboxylic acid

2021 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 91-102
Author(s):  
Kun Sheng ◽  
Yanfang Song ◽  
Fang Ge ◽  
Xin Huang ◽  
Yi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Cathode Surface ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid ◽  
Scale Inhibition ◽  
Calcium Carbonate Scale

scholarly journals Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Carboxylic Polymers with Low Molecular Weight as Inhibitors for Calcium Carbonate Scale

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuwei Zuo ◽  
Wenzhong Yang ◽  
Kegui Zhang ◽  
Yun Chen ◽  
Xiaoshuang Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Crystal Surfaces ◽  
Molecular Weight Range ◽  
Scale Inhibition ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

Poly acrylic acid (PAA) and polyepoxysuccinic acid (PESA) were investigated as scale inhibitors. The static experiments certified that PAA was superior to PESA for the inhibition of calcium carbonate in the low molecular weight range. The X-ray diffraction patterns suggest that the effect of PAA on the calcite (1 0 4) and (1 1 0) crystal plane was more obvious. Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the surface morphology of the depositions, which indicated that the addition of scale inhibitors could disturb the normal growth of CaCO3 scale. The transmittance ratio of ferric oxide demonstrated that PAA had a better dispersion performance than PESA. The molecular dynamics simulation and quantum calculation were selected to theoretically explore the mechanism and structure of scale inhibitors, indicating that the interaction of PAA with (1 0 4) and (1 1 0) calcite crystal surfaces was stronger than PESA. In addition, the results indicated that the PAA with negative charge more easily adsorbed free Ca2+ in the aqueous phase. Based on these observations, PAA exhibited better scale inhibition and dispersion effects than PESA in the case of low molecular weight.

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