Multilevel and Spatial–Time Trend Analyses of the Prevalence of Hypertension in a Large Urban City in the USA

ObjectiveThe current study estimates trends in the number of cigarettes smoked per day (CPD) and percentage of smokers having their first CPD within 30 min of waking (time to first cigarette (TTFC)<30 min) among smokers from 2002 to 2015 in the USA overall, and adjusting for demographics. Trends in TTFC<30 min were also estimated by varying levels of cigarette consumption.MethodsData were drawn from the National Household Survey on Drug Use, an annual nationally representative cross-sectional study of the US population aged 12 and older (n=54 079–58 397 per year). Linear time trend analyses of CPD and TTFC<30 min were conducted adjusting for age, gender and income; linear time trend analyses of TTFC among those at varying levels of CPD were then performed.ResultsEstimates suggest that CPD declined overall from 2002 to 2015, and that the prevalence of TTFC<30 min declined overall among smokers (p<0.0001). The proportion of smokers consuming fewer (ie, 1–5, 6–15) CPD has increased while the number consuming 16+ CPD has decreased overall. Among those smoking 1–5 (p=0.0006) and 6–15 (p<0.0001) CPD, TTFC<30 min has increased significantly, but TTFC<30 min has remained unchanged among those smoking 16 or more CPD (p=0.5838).ConclusionsFindings suggest that smokers today are consuming fewer CPD, yet are increasingly likely to have their first cigarette earlier on awakening than they were a decade ago. Intervention and outreach efforts aimed at moving the prevalence lower may benefit from evaluating and addressing nicotine dependence even among lighter smokers.

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Combining cohort and period methods for retrospective time trend analyses of long-term cancer patient survival rates

British Journal of Cancer ◽

10.1038/sj.bjc.6601295 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 89 (7) ◽

pp. 1260-1265 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

H Brenner ◽

C Spix

Keyword(s):

Cancer Patient ◽

Time Trend ◽

Patient Survival ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Trend Analyses

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Hospital Records of Pain, Fatigue, or Circulatory Symptoms in Girls Exposed to Human Papillomavirus Vaccination: Cohort, Self-Controlled Case Series, and Population Time Trend Studies

American Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/aje/kwz284 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 189 (4) ◽

pp. 277-285 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Reimar Wernich Thomsen ◽

Buket Öztürk ◽

Lars Pedersen ◽

Sia Kromann Nicolaisen ◽

Irene Petersen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Hpv Vaccine ◽

Time Trend ◽

Hpv Vaccination ◽

Case Series ◽

Public Confidence ◽

Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome ◽

Hospital Records ◽

Trend Analyses ◽

Increased Risk

Abstract Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination has been associated with subsequent diffuse symptoms in girls, reducing public confidence in the vaccine. We examined whether girls have nonspecific outcomes of HPV vaccination, using triangulation from cohort, self-controlled case series (SCCS), and population time trend analyses carried out in Denmark between 2000 and 2014. The study population consisted of 314,017 HPV-vaccinated girls and 314,017 age-matched HPV-unvaccinated girls (cohort analyses); 11,817 girls with hospital records (SCCS analyses); and 1,465,049 girls and boys (population time trend analyses). The main outcome measures were hospital records of pain, fatigue, or circulatory symptoms. The cohort study revealed no increased risk among HPV vaccine-exposed girls, with incidence rate ratios close to 1.0 for abdominal pain, nonspecific pain, headache, hypotension/syncope, tachycardia (including postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome), and malaise/fatigue (including chronic fatigue syndrome). In the SCCS analyses, we observed no association between HPV vaccination and subsequent symptoms. In time trend analyses, we observed a steady increase in these hospital records in both girls and (HPV-unvaccinated) boys, with no relationship to the 2009 introduction of HPV vaccine to Denmark’s vaccination program. This study, which had nationwide coverage, showed no evidence of a causal link between HPV vaccination and diffuse autonomic symptoms leading to hospital contact.

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Characterization of hepatitis C infection in tuberculosis patients in an urban city in the USA

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268813002355 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 142 (7) ◽

pp. 1459-1466 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. CAMPO ◽

A. SHRESTHA ◽

E. OREN ◽

H. THIEDE ◽

J. DUCHIN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Virus Infection ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Treatment Duration ◽

King County ◽

Hepatitis C Virus Infection ◽

Tb Treatment ◽

Urban City ◽

The Usa

SUMMARYThe impact of hepatitis C virus infection (HCI), the most common bloodborne virus infection in the USA, on outcome of active tuberculosis (TB) treatment is largely unknown. We aimed to describe characteristics of TB patients with hepatitis C virus infection (TB-HCI) in King County, Washington, including TB treatment duration and outcome. We reviewed 1510 records of patients treated for active TB at the Public Health – Seattle & King County Tuberculosis Control Program between 2000 and 2010, and identified 53 with HCI. Advanced age, being born in the USA, HIV infection, homelessness and injection drug use were independently associated with HCI in TB cases. Independent factors associated with increased treatment duration included HIV infection, excess alcohol use, extrapulmonary TB, and any drug-resistant TB disease. Our findings suggest that TB-HCI patients can be successfully treated for active TB without extending treatment duration.

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