Adaptive Dynamics of Altruistic Cooperation in a Metapopulation: Evolutionary Emergence of Cooperators and Defectors or Evolutionary Suicide?

2011 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 2605-2626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalle Parvinen
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Dynamics ◽  
Evolutionary Suicide ◽  
Evolutionary Emergence

scholarly journals Does evolution design robust food webs ?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Girardot ◽  
M. Gauduchon ◽  
F. Ménard ◽  
JC. Poggiale
Keyword(s):  
Food Webs ◽  
Adaptive Dynamics ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Ecological Communities ◽  
Environmental Perturbations ◽  
Richness Condition ◽  
Trophic Network ◽  
Evolutionary Emergence ◽  
Current Paradigm

Theoretical works that use a dynamical approach to study the ability of ecological communities to resist perturbations are largely based on randomly generated ecosystem structures. In contrast, we propose here to asses the robustness of food webs drawn from ecological and evolutionary processes with the use of community evolution models. In a first part, with the use of Adaptive Dynamics theoretical framework, we generate a variety of diversified food webs by solely sampling different richness levels of the environment as a control parameter, and obtain networks that satisfactory compare with empirical data. This allows us to highlight the complex, structuring role of the environmental richness during the evolutionary emergence of food webs. In a second part, we study the short-term ecological responses of food webs to swift changes in their customary environmental richness condition. We reveal a strong link between the environmental conditions that attended food webs evolutionary constructions and their robustness to environmental perturbations. When focusing on emergent properties of our evolved food webs, especially connectance, we highlight results that seem to contradict the current paradigm. Among these food webs, the most connected appear to be the less robust to sudden depletion of the environmental richness that constituted their evolutionary environment. Otherwise, we appraise the “adaptation” of food webs, by examining how they perform after being suddently immersed in an environment of modified richness level, in comparison with a trophic network that experienced this latter environmental condition all along its evolution.

scholarly journals Eco-evolutionary feedbacks, adaptive dynamics and evolutionary rescue theory

2013 ◽  
Vol 368 (1610) ◽  
pp. 20120081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regis Ferriere ◽  
Stéphane Legendre
Keyword(s):  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Adaptive Dynamics ◽  
Population Viability ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Adaptive Process ◽  
Evolutionary Rescue ◽  
The Face ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Evolutionary Suicide ◽  
Dynamics Models

Adaptive dynamics theory has been devised to account for feedbacks between ecological and evolutionary processes. Doing so opens new dimensions to and raises new challenges about evolutionary rescue. Adaptive dynamics theory predicts that successive trait substitutions driven by eco-evolutionary feedbacks can gradually erode population size or growth rate, thus potentially raising the extinction risk. Even a single trait substitution can suffice to degrade population viability drastically at once and cause ‘evolutionary suicide’. In a changing environment, a population may track a viable evolutionary attractor that leads to evolutionary suicide, a phenomenon called ‘evolutionary trapping’. Evolutionary trapping and suicide are commonly observed in adaptive dynamics models in which the smooth variation of traits causes catastrophic changes in ecological state. In the face of trapping and suicide, evolutionary rescue requires that the population overcome evolutionary threats generated by the adaptive process itself. Evolutionary repellors play an important role in determining how variation in environmental conditions correlates with the occurrence of evolutionary trapping and suicide, and what evolutionary pathways rescue may follow. In contrast with standard predictions of evolutionary rescue theory, low genetic variation may attenuate the threat of evolutionary suicide and small population sizes may facilitate escape from evolutionary traps.

scholarly journals Function-valued adaptive dynamics and the calculus of variations

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalle Parvinen ◽  
Ulf Dieckmann ◽  
Mikko Heino
Keyword(s):  
Calculus Of Variations ◽  
Adaptive Dynamics

scholarly journals Evolution of the C-Type Lectin-Like Receptor Genes of the DECTIN-1 Cluster in the NK Gene Complex

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Sattler ◽  
Hormas Ghadially ◽  
Erhard Hofer
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Gene Duplications ◽  
Gene Complex ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Recognition Function ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Evolutionary Emergence ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Nk Gene Complex

Pattern recognition receptors are crucial in initiating and shaping innate and adaptive immune responses and often belong to families of structurally and evolutionarily related proteins. The human C-type lectin-like receptors encoded in the DECTIN-1 cluster within the NK gene complex contain prominent receptors with pattern recognition function, such as DECTIN-1 and LOX-1. All members of this cluster share significant homology and are considered to have arisen from subsequent gene duplications. Recent developments in sequencing and the availability of comprehensive sequence data comprising many species showed that the receptors of the DECTIN-1 cluster are not only homologous to each other but also highly conserved between species. Even inCaenorhabditis elegans, genes displaying homology to the mammalian C-type lectin-like receptors have been detected. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive phylogenetic survey and give an up-to-date overview of the currently available data on the evolutionary emergence of the DECTIN-1 cluster genes.

scholarly journals Differences in adaptive dynamics determine the success of virus variants that propagate together

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
María Arribas ◽  
Jacobo Aguirre ◽  
Susanna Manrubia ◽  
Ester Lázaro
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Dynamics

scholarly journals Quantifying the effect of genetic, environmental and individual demographic stochastic variability for population dynamics in Plantago lanceolata

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich K. Steiner ◽  
Shripad Tuljapurkar ◽  
Deborah A. Roach
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Adaptive Dynamics ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Experimental Population ◽  
Stochastic Variation ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
Stochastic Events

AbstractSimple demographic events, the survival and reproduction of individuals, drive population dynamics. These demographic events are influenced by genetic and environmental parameters, and are the focus of many evolutionary and ecological investigations that aim to predict and understand population change. However, such a focus often neglects the stochastic events that individuals experience throughout their lives. These stochastic events also influence survival and reproduction and thereby evolutionary and ecological dynamics. Here, we illustrate the influence of such non-selective demographic variability on population dynamics using population projection models of an experimental population of Plantago lanceolata. Our analysis shows that the variability in survival and reproduction among individuals is largely due to demographic stochastic variation with only modest effects of differences in environment, genes, and their interaction. Common expectations of population growth, based on expected lifetime reproduction and generation time, can be misleading when demographic stochastic variation is large. Large demographic stochastic variation exhibited within genotypes can lower population growth and slow evolutionary adaptive dynamics. Our results accompany recent investigations that call for more focus on stochastic variation in fitness components, such as survival, reproduction, and functional traits, rather than dismissal of this variation as uninformative noise.

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