scholarly journals Trends in National Institutes of Health Funding on the Health-Related Effects of Climate Change and Natural Disasters

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnab K. Ghosh ◽  
Martin F. Shapiro ◽  
David M. Abramson
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Health Funding ◽  
Health Related

scholarly journals Thinking health-related behaviors in a climate change context: A narrative review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Chevance ◽  
Ujué Fresán ◽  
Eric B. Hekler ◽  
Donald Edmondson ◽  
Simon j Lloyd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Behavioral Medicine ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Health Related Behaviors ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Medicine Community ◽  
Rising Sea Level

Background: Human activities have changed the biosphere so profoundly over the past two centuries that human-induced climate change is now posing serious health-related treats to the current and future generations. Rapid actions from all scientific fields are needed to contribute to both the mitigation and adaption to climate change. Purpose: This article aims to identify bi-directional associations between climate change effects (i.e., rising average temperatures, natural disasters, air pollution, rising sea level) and health-related behaviors, as well as a set of key actions for the behavioral medicine community. Methods: We synthetized the existing literature about (i) the effects of rising average temperature, natural disasters, air pollution, and rising sea level on the food system and eating behaviors, physical activity, sleep, substance use, access to safe water, and preventive behaviors; and (ii) the concurrent positive and negative roles that health-related behaviors can play in mitigation and adaptation to climate change. Results: Based on this literature review, we propose one of the first model of the complex, occasionally bi-directional, associations between climate change and health-related behaviors. Key actions are proposed with particular consideration for health equity (i.e., between and within-countries, at the intergenerational level, as well as between men and women) of future behavioral interventions. Synergies are also proposed between the field of behavioral medicine, the study of complex systems and planetary health science. Conclusions: We contend that climate change is among the most urgent issue facing all scientists, and should become a central priority for the behavioral medicine community.

scholarly journals Development of a Shipment Policy for Collection Centers

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1385
Author(s):  
Irais Mora-Ochomogo ◽  
Marco Serrato ◽  
Jaime Mora-Vargas ◽  
Raha Akhavan-Tabatabaei
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Markov Decision Process ◽  
Decision Process ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Humanitarian Organizations ◽  
The World ◽  
Markov Decision ◽  
Unsatisfied Demand

Natural disasters represent a latent threat for every country in the world. Due to climate change and other factors, statistics show that they continue to be on the rise. This situation presents a challenge for the communities and the humanitarian organizations to be better prepared and react faster to natural disasters. In some countries, in-kind donations represent a high percentage of the supply for the operations, which presents additional challenges. This research proposes a Markov Decision Process (MDP) model to resemble operations in collection centers, where in-kind donations are received, sorted, packed, and sent to the affected areas. The decision addressed is when to send a shipment considering the uncertainty of the donations’ supply and the demand, as well as the logistics costs and the penalty of unsatisfied demand. As a result of the MDP a Monotone Optimal Non-Decreasing Policy (MONDP) is proposed, which provides valuable insights for decision-makers within this field. Moreover, the necessary conditions to prove the existence of such MONDP are presented.

scholarly journals Climate Change, Weather, Housing Precarity, and Homelessness: A Systematic Review of Reviews

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5812
Author(s):  
Mariya Bezgrebelna ◽  
Kwame McKenzie ◽  
Samantha Wells ◽  
Arun Ravindran ◽  
Michael Kral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Temperature Extremes ◽  
Weather Extremes ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Review Of Reviews ◽  
The Impact

This systematic review of reviews was conducted to examine housing precarity and homelessness in relation to climate change and weather extremes internationally. In a thematic analysis of 15 reviews (5 systematic and 10 non-systematic), the following themes emerged: risk factors for homelessness/housing precarity, temperature extremes, health concerns, structural factors, natural disasters, and housing. First, an increased risk of homelessness has been found for people who are vulnerably housed and populations in lower socio-economic positions due to energy insecurity and climate change-induced natural hazards. Second, homeless/vulnerably-housed populations are disproportionately exposed to climatic events (temperature extremes and natural disasters). Third, the physical and mental health of homeless/vulnerably-housed populations is projected to be impacted by weather extremes and climate change. Fourth, while green infrastructure may have positive effects for homeless/vulnerably-housed populations, housing remains a major concern in urban environments. Finally, structural changes must be implemented. Recommendations for addressing the impact of climate change on homelessness and housing precarity were generated, including interventions focusing on homelessness/housing precarity and reducing the effects of weather extremes, improved housing and urban planning, and further research on homelessness/housing precarity and climate change. To further enhance the impact of these initiatives, we suggest employing the Human Rights-Based Approach (HRBA).

scholarly journals Strategic retreat for resilient and equitable climate adaptation: the roles for conservation organizations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mali‘o Kodis ◽  
Marci Bortman ◽  
Sarah Newkirk
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Policy Paper ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Government ◽  
Conservation Organizations

AbstractAs climate change accelerates the frequency and intensity of natural disasters, damage to public and private property is also increasing, putting exorbitant strain on governments and communities. Societies across the world are working to adapt to climate change, but climate adaptation is currently inadequate to meet the needs of the people left increasingly vulnerable and the places that risk being irreversibly changed or destroyed. One tactic of climate adaptation is strategic retreat, sometimes referred to as managed retreat. Strategic retreat is the process by which the government or another entity purchases (buys out) developed properties that are at risk of destruction or have been destroyed by natural disasters. The structure is most often demolished, and the land is placed under a permanent easement to prevent future development. What happens next is dependent on the entities involved in the buyouts, and can range from derelict, vacant lots to full restoration of ecosystems and their abilities to mitigate flood damage. Sometimes recreational amenities, such as trails or park infrastructure, are prioritized and funded as well. Conservation organizations can leverage their expertise in conservation planning, land acquisition and restoration, policy advocacy, and partnership development to improve the implementation of strategic retreat so that nature and people can thrive in the long term. In this policy paper, we review ways that conservation organizations have and can continue to engage in buyout processes to ensure positive outcomes for communities and nature. Conservation organizations must also evolve their approaches to climate adaptation to integrate equity and redress historical injustices in land use, and contribute towards improving strategic retreat for a more just and resilient future across disaster-prone communities. This work focuses on the context of disasters and climate adaptation in the USA, though many of the principles presented are applicable around the world.

National Institutes of Health Funding for Obstructive Sleep Apnea

2015 ◽  
Vol 153 (4) ◽  
pp. 671-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Gouveia ◽  
Hannan A. Qureshi ◽  
Robert C. Kern ◽  
Stephanie Shintani Smith
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Health Funding ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

National Institutes of Health Funding Trends for Atopic Dermatitis

Dermatitis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa M. Thompson ◽  
Jennifer L. Hsiao ◽  
Vivian Y. Shi
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Health Funding

Correlation Between National Institutes of Health Funding for Pediatric Research and Pediatric Disease Burden in the US

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris A. Rees ◽  
Michael C. Monuteaux ◽  
Vendela Herdell ◽  
Eric W. Fleegler ◽  
Florence T. Bourgeois
Keyword(s):  
Disease Burden ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Pediatric Research ◽  
Health Funding ◽  
The Us

ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF NATURAL DISASTERS AND CLIMATE CHANGE DAMAGE

2021 ◽  
pp. 125-144
Author(s):  
Boris Ivanovskiy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
The Impact

The types and scales of the most significant natural disasters are determined. The problems of forming a statistical database on natural disasters are considered, as well as methodological issues of economic measurement of the consequences of natural disasters. Particular attention is paid to the study of the impact of climate change on the financial sector of the economy of the affected regions.

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