scholarly journals Veränderte Kompetenzanforderungen an Mitarbeitende infolge zunehmender Automatisierung – Eine Arbeitsfeldbetrachtung

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michèle Rieth ◽  
Vera Hagemann
Keyword(s):  
High Reliability ◽  
High Reliability Organizations ◽  
High Reliability Organization

ZusammenfassungBasierend auf einer Arbeitsfeldbetrachtung im Bereich der Flugsicherung in Österreich und der Schweiz liefert dieser Artikel der Zeitschrift Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. (GIO) einen Überblick über automatisierungsbedingte Veränderungen und die daraus resultierenden neuen Kompetenzanforderungen an die Beschäftigten im Hochverantwortungsbereich. Bestehende Tätigkeitsstrukturen und Arbeitsrollen verändern sich infolge zunehmender Automatisierung grundlegend, sodass Organisationen neuen Herausforderungen gegenüberstehen und sich neue Kompetenzanforderungen an Mitarbeitende ergeben. Auf Grundlage von 9 problemzentrierten Interviews mit Fluglotsen sowie 4 problemzentrierten Interviews mit Piloten werden die Veränderungen infolge zunehmender Automatisierung und die daraus resultierenden neuen Kompetenzanforderungen an die Beschäftigten in einer High Reliability Organization dargestellt. Dieser Organisationskontext blieb bisher in der wissenschaftlichen Debatte um neue Kompetenzen infolge von Automatisierung weitestgehend unberücksichtigt. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass der Mensch in High Reliability Organizations durch Technik zwar entlastet und unterstützt werden kann, aber nicht zu ersetzen ist. Die Rolle des Menschen wird im Sinne eines Systemüberwachenden passiver, wodurch die Gefahr eines Fähigkeitsverlustes resultiert und der eigene Einfluss der Beschäftigten abnimmt. Ferner scheinen die Anforderungen, denen sie sich infolge zunehmender Automatisierung gegenüberstehen sehen, zuzunehmen, was in einem Spannungsfeld zu ihrer passiven Rolle zu stehen scheint. Die Erkenntnisse werden diskutiert und praktische Implikationen für das Kompetenzmanagement und die Arbeitsgestaltung zur Minimierung der identifizierten restriktiven Arbeitsbedingungen abgeleitet.

Differences in Safety Climate between Hospital Personnel and Naval Aviators

2003 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Gaba ◽  
Sara J. Singer ◽  
Anna D. Sinaiko ◽  
Jennie D. Bowen ◽  
Anthony P. Ciavarelli
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Safety Climate ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Hospital Personnel ◽  
High Reliability Organizations ◽  
Hospital Workers ◽  
High Reliability Organization ◽  
The Status ◽  
Naval Aviators

We compared results of safety climate survey questions from health care respondents with those from naval aviation, a high-reliability organization. Separate surveys containing a subset of 23 similar questions were conducted among employees from 15 hospitals and from naval aviators from 226 squadrons. For each question a “problematic response” was defined that suggested an absence of a safety climate. Overall, the problematic response rate was 5.6% for naval aviators versus 17.5% for hospital personnel (p < .0001). The problematic response was 20.9% in highhazard hospital domains such as emergency departments and operating rooms. Problematic response among hospital workers was up to 12 times greater than that among aviators on certain questions. Although further research on safety climate in health care is warranted, hospitals may need to make substantial changes to achieve a safety climate consistent with the status of high-reliability organizations.

Are Public Bureaucracies Supposed to Be High Reliability Organizations?

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Seibel
Keyword(s):  
Child Protection ◽  
Organization Theory ◽  
Goal Attainment ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Human Action ◽  
High Reliability Organizations ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Public Bureaucracy ◽  
Account Standard

This article addresses the question of to what extent conventional theories of high reliability organizations and normal accidents theory are applicable to public bureaucracy. Empirical evidence suggests precisely this. Relevant cases are, for instance, collapsing buildings and bridges due to insufficient supervision of engineering by the relevant authorities, infants dying at the hands of their own parents due to misperceptions and neglect on the part of child protection agencies, uninterrupted serial killings due to a lack of coordination among police services, or improper planning and risk assessment in the preparation of mass events such as soccer games or street parades. The basic argument is that conceptualizing distinct and differentiated causal mechanisms is useful for developing more fine-grained variants of both normal accident theory and high reliability organization theory that take into account standard pathologies of public bureaucracies and inevitable trade-offs connected to their political embeddedness in democratic and rule-of-law-based systems to which belong the tensions between responsiveness and responsibility and between goal attainment and system maintenance. This, the article argues, makes it possible to identify distinct points of intervention at which permissive conditions with the potential to trigger risk-generating human action can be neutralized while the threshold that separates risk-generating human action from actual disaster can be raised to a level that makes disastrous outcomes less probable.

Reliability versus Resilience: What Does Healthcare Need?

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 621-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Nemeth ◽  
Richard Cook
Keyword(s):  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
High Variability ◽  
High Reliability Organizations ◽  
Resilience Engineering ◽  
Cognitive Systems Engineering ◽  
Extensive Training ◽  
Healthcare Need

System performance in healthcare pivots on the ability to match demand for care with the resources that are needed to provide it. High reliability is desirable in organizations that perform inherently hazardous, highly technical tasks. However, healthcare's high variability, diversity, partition between workers and managers, and production pressure make it difficult to employ essential aspects of high reliability organizations (HROs) such as redundancy and extensive training. A different approach is needed to understand the nature of healthcare systems and their ability to perform and survive under duress; in other words, to be resilient. The recent evolution of resilience engineering affords the opportunity to configure healthcare systems so that they are adaptable and can foresee challenges that threaten their mission. Information technology (IT) in particular can enable healthcare, as a service sector, to adapt successfully, as long as it is based on cognitive systems engineering approaches to achieve resilient performance.

Trust Relations in High-Reliability Organizations

Risk Analysis ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1123-1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sue Cox ◽  
Bethan Jones ◽  
David Collinson
Keyword(s):  
High Reliability ◽  
High Reliability Organizations
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