Formation and characterization of three dimensional human hepatocyte cell line spheroids on chitosan matrix for in vitro tissue engineering applications

Biological organisms have evolved to produce hierarchical three-dimensional structures with dimensions ranging from nanometres to metres. Replicating these complex living hierarchical structures for the purpose of repair or replacement of degenerating tissues is one of the great challenges of chemistry, physics, biology and materials science. This paper describes how the use of hierarchical porous materials in tissue engineering applications has the potential to shift treatments from tissue replacement to tissue regeneration. The criteria that a porous material must fulfil to be considered ideal for bone tissue engineering applications are listed. Bioactive glass foam scaffolds have the potential to fulfil all the criteria, as they have a hierarchical porous structure similar to that of trabecular bone, they can bond to bone and soft tissue and they release silicon and calcium ions that have been found to up-regulate seven families of genes in osteogenic cells. Their hierarchical structure can be tailored for the required rate of tissue bonding, resorption and delivery of dissolution products. This paper describes how the structure and properties of the scaffolds are being optimized with respect to cell response and that tissue culture techniques must be optimized to enable growth of new bone in vitro .

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3D PCL/Gelatin/Genipin Nanofiber Sponge as Scaffold for Regenerative Medicine

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14082006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (8) ◽

pp. 2006

Author(s):

Markus Merk ◽

Orlando Chirikian ◽

Christian Adlhart

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Self Assembly ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Dermal Fibroblasts ◽

Engineering Applications ◽

Sem Images ◽

Biologically Relevant ◽

Naturally Occurring

Recent advancements in tissue engineering and material science have radically improved in vitro culturing platforms to more accurately replicate human tissue. However, the transition to clinical relevance has been slow in part due to the lack of biologically compatible/relevant materials. In the present study, we marry the commonly used two-dimensional (2D) technique of electrospinning and a self-assembly process to construct easily reproducible, highly porous, three-dimensional (3D) nanofiber scaffolds for various tissue engineering applications. Specimens from biologically relevant polymers polycaprolactone (PCL) and gelatin were chemically cross-linked using the naturally occurring cross-linker genipin. Potential cytotoxic effects of the scaffolds were analyzed by culturing human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) up to 23 days. The 3D PCL/gelatin/genipin scaffolds produced here resemble the complex nanofibrous architecture found in naturally occurring extracellular matrix (ECM) and exhibit physiologically relevant mechanical properties as well as excellent cell cytocompatibility. Samples cross-linked with 0.5% genipin demonstrated the highest metabolic activity and proliferation rates for HDF. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images indicated excellent cell adhesion and the characteristic morphological features of fibroblasts in all tested samples. The three-dimensional (3D) PCL/gelatin/genipin scaffolds produced here show great potential for various 3D tissue-engineering applications such as ex vivo cell culturing platforms, wound healing, or tissue replacement.

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In vitro study of directly bioprinted perfusable vasculature conduits

Biomaterials Science ◽

10.1039/c4bm00234b ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 134-143 ◽

Cited By ~ 106

Author(s):

Yahui Zhang ◽

Yin Yu ◽

Adil Akkouch ◽

Amer Dababneh ◽

Farzaneh Dolati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Vitro Study ◽

Engineering Applications

This paper highlight characterization of directly bioprinted perfusable vascular conduits for tissue engineering applications.

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Preparation and Characterization of Biodegradable β-TCP-Based Composite Microspheres as Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffolds

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.336-338.1646 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 336-338 ◽

pp. 1646-1649 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Qing Feng Zan ◽

Chen Wang ◽

Li Min Dong ◽

Rui Liu ◽

Jie Mo Tian

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Repair ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽

Composite Microspheres ◽

Globular Particle ◽

Suspended Cultures ◽

Chitosan Composite

Since a small globular particle was first used as support for three-dimensional (3D) growth of anchorage-dependent cells in suspended cultures, a variety of microspheres as tissue engineering scaffolds have been developed. In this paper, β-TCP and chitosan were selected as the components of microspheres due to their biodegradability and osteogenic properties. The biodegradable β-TCP/chitosan composite microspheres were prepared by a solid-in-water-in-oil (s/w/o) emulsion cross-linking method in this paper. The size distribution, surface morphology, and microstructure of the microspheres were evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the size of the microspheres with good spherical morphology was distributed in the range of 50~200μm. In vitro immersion experiments were carried out to evaluate the degradability of the microspheres, and the results demonstrated that the chitosan/β-TCP composite microspheres were potential materials as tissue engineering scaffolds for bone repair.

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Fabrication of Piezoelectric Electrospun Termite Nest-like 3D Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14247684 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (24) ◽

pp. 7684

Author(s):

Thanapon Muenwacha ◽

Oratai Weeranantanapan ◽

Nuannoi Chudapongse ◽

Francisco Javier Diaz Sanchez ◽

Santi Maensiri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Vinylidene Fluoride ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Cell Interaction ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Engineering Applications ◽

3D Scaffolds ◽

3D Shapes ◽

Termite Nest

A high piezoelectric coefficient polymer and biomaterial for bone tissue engineering— poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP)—has been successfully fabricated into 3D scaffolds using the wet electrospinning method. Three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds have significant advantages for tissue engineering applications. Electrospinning is an advanced method and can fabricate 3D scaffolds. However, it has some limitations and is difficult to fabricate nanofibers into 3D shapes because of the low controllability of porosity and internal pore shape. The PVDF-HFP powders were dissolved in a mixture of acetone and dimethylformamide with a ratio of 1:1 at various concentrations of 10, 13, 15, 17, and 20 wt%. However, only the solutions at 15 and 17 wt% with optimized electrospinning parameters can be fabricated into biomimetic 3D shapes. The produced PVDF-HFP 3D scaffolds are in the cm size range and mimic the structure of the natural nests of termites of the genus Apicotermes. In addition, the 3D nanofiber-based structure can also generate more electrical signals than the conventional 2D ones, as the third dimension provides more compression. The cell interaction with the 3D nanofibers scaffold was investigated. The in vitro results demonstrated that the NIH 3T3 cells could attach and migrate in the 3D structures. While conventional electrospinning yields 2D (flat) structures, our bio-inspired electrospun termite nest-like 3D scaffolds are better suited for tissue engineering applications since they can potentially mimic native tissues as they have biomimetic structure, piezoelectric, and biological properties.

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