scholarly journals Effectiveness of a Low-Calorie Diet for Liver Volume Reduction Prior to Bariatric Surgery: a Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marleen M. Romeijn ◽  
Aniek M. Kolen ◽  
Daniëlle D. B. Holthuijsen ◽  
Loes Janssen ◽  
Goof Schep ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Liver Volume ◽  
Volume Reduction ◽  
Restricted Diet ◽  
Low Calorie ◽  
Low Calorie Diet ◽  
Calorie Diet ◽  
Very Low Calorie Diets

Abstract An energy-restricted diet is often prescribed before bariatric surgery to reduce weight and liver volume. While very-low-calorie diets (VLCDs, 450–800 kcal per day) have shown to be effective, the effectiveness of low-calorie diets (LCDs, 800–1500 kcal per day) is less obvious. The objective of this systematic review was to elucidate the effectiveness of LCD on liver volume reduction in patients awaiting bariatric surgery. Eight studies (n = 251) were included describing nine different diets (800–1200 kcal, 2–8 weeks). An LCD was effective in liver volume reduction (12–27%) and weight loss (4–17%), particularly during the first weeks. The LCD showed an acceptable patients’ compliance. Based on these findings, an LCD (800–1200 kcal), instead of a VLCD, for 2 to 4 weeks should be preferred.

scholarly journals Body weight loss reverts obesity-associated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 168 (6) ◽  
pp. 829-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Corona ◽  
Giulia Rastrelli ◽  
Matteo Monami ◽  
Farid Saad ◽  
Michaela Luconi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Low Calorie ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Low Calorie Diet ◽  
Calorie Diet

ObjectiveFew randomized clinical studies have evaluated the impact of diet and physical activity on testosterone levels in obese men with conflicting results. Conversely, studies on bariatric surgery in men generally have shown an increase in testosterone levels. The aim of this study is to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of available trials on the effect of body weight loss on sex hormones levels.DesignMeta-analysis.MethodsAn extensive Medline search was performed including the following words: ‘testosterone’, ‘diet’, ‘weight loss’, ‘bariatric surgery’, and ‘males’. The search was restricted to data from January 1, 1969 up to August 31, 2012.ResultsOut of 266 retrieved articles, 24 were included in the study. Of the latter, 22 evaluated the effect of diet or bariatric surgery, whereas two compared diet and bariatric surgery. Overall, both a low-calorie diet and bariatric surgery are associated with a significant (P<0.0001) increase in plasma sex hormone-binding globulin-bound and -unbound testosterone levels (total testosterone (TT)), with bariatric surgery being more effective in comparison with the low-calorie diet (TT increase: 8.73 (6.51–10.95) vs 2.87 (1.68–4.07) for bariatric surgery and the low-calorie diet, respectively; both P<0.0001 vs baseline). Androgen rise is greater in those patients who lose more weight as well as in younger, non-diabetic subjects with a greater degree of obesity. Body weight loss is also associated with a decrease in estradiol and an increase in gonadotropins levels. Multiple regression analysis shows that the degree of body weight loss is the best determinant of TT rise (B=2.50±0.98, P=0.029).ConclusionsThese data show that weight loss is associated with an increase in both bound and unbound testosterone levels. The normalization of sex hormones induced by body weight loss is a possible mechanism contributing to the beneficial effects of surgery in morbid obesity.

Effectiveness, Compliance, and Acceptability of Preoperative Weight Loss with a Liquid Very Low-Calorie Diet Before Bariatric Surgery in Real Practice

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamthorn Yolsuriyanwong ◽  
Komdej Thanavachirasin ◽  
Kimberly Sasso ◽  
Lauren Zuro ◽  
Jessica Bartfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Preoperative Weight Loss ◽  
Very Low Calorie Diet ◽  
Low Calorie ◽  
Low Calorie Diet ◽  
Calorie Diet ◽  
Preoperative Weight ◽  
Real Practice

scholarly journals Very low-calorie diet in candidates for bariatric surgery: change in body composition during rapid weight loss

Clinics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Pires Serafim ◽  
Marco Aurelio Santo ◽  
Alexandre Vieira Gadducci ◽  
Veruska Magalhães Scabim ◽  
Ivan Cecconello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Very Low Calorie Diet ◽  
Low Calorie ◽  
Low Calorie Diet ◽  
Calorie Diet

scholarly journals Changes in Whole-Body Amino Acid Metabolism in Response to 2 Weeks of the Very-Low Calorie Diet Are Not Affected by Gender

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1700-1700
Author(s):  
Agata Wierzchowska-McNew ◽  
Mariëlle Engelen ◽  
Kristopher Knoop ◽  
Gabriella Ten Have ◽  
John Thaden
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Protein Breakdown ◽  
Restricted Diet ◽  
Very Low Calorie Diet ◽  
Low Calorie ◽  
Low Calorie Diet ◽  
Calorie Diet

Abstract Objectives Very Low-Calorie Diet (VLCD) is an approved method to safely achieve substantial short-term weight loss in obese patients. We previously reported that two weeks of the VLCD maintains whole-body protein and amino acid turnover despite a large reduction in lean body mass. Since the observed effects on body weight (BW) and composition differed between men and women, we hypothesized that the changes in amino acid metabolism in a response to the calorie-restricted diet is gender-specific. Methods 34 morbidly obese adults (BMI: 42 ± 0.9 kg/m2, 10 males and 24 females) underwent a VLCD for 2 weeks consisting of 820 kcal/day and 105-grams protein/day. Before the start of the VLCD (baseline), the whole-body production (WBP) rates of multiple amino acids involved in protein metabolism (e.g., glycine (GLY), glutamine (GLN), phenylalanine (PHE), tyrosine (TYR), and arginine (ARG)) were measured after IV pulse administration of their stable isotopes. Weight loss and body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry were assessed after 2 weeks of the VLCD. Baseline plasma enrichments were measured by LC-MS/MS. Data are presented as mean ± SE. Statistics are performed by Pearson correlation tests. Results The magnitude of the BW loss after 2 weeks of the VLCD differed between males and females (7.0 ± 0.7 kg vs. 4.1 ± 0.2 kg, P &lt; 0.0001, respectively) with a higher reduction in lean body mass observed in men than women (4.3 ± 0.8 kg vs. 2.7 ± 0.4 kg, P &lt; 0.05). Although, females had significantly reduced baseline WBP of ARG (7.3% vs. 2%, P = 0.0027), GLY (22.8% vs. 3.6%, P &lt; 0.001), and PHE (4.8% vs. 3.1%, P = 0.018) in comparison to men, two weeks of the VLCD had a comparable effect on multiple amino acid WBP in both genders. Suppressed contractile myofibrillar protein breakdown rate was observed in both groups (13% vs. baseline, P = 0.02) with no gender difference in net protein breakdown (PHE to TYR conversion rate). Hence, increased catabolism in men cannot be explained by a different response to the 2 weeks of a calorie-restricted diet. Conclusions Despite gender differences in body weight loss and changes in composition in response to a Very Low-Calorie Diet, changes in whole-body amino acid kinetics are not differently affected in men and women. Funding Sources CTRAL Internal Funds.

scholarly journals Modified Very Low Calorie Diet for Weight Loss to Improve Lung Transplantation Candidacy in a Medical Intensive Care Unit: A Case Report (P12-048-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Garcia ◽  
Zhaoping Li ◽  
Vijaya Surampudi
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Lung Transplantation ◽  
Restricted Diet ◽  
Very Low Calorie Diet ◽  
Low Calorie ◽  
Relative Contraindication ◽  
Low Calorie Diet ◽  
Calorie Diet

Abstract Objectives The prevalence of adults with obesity in the United States continues to increase [1]. Obesity remains a relative contraindication to lung transplantation due to the potential for negative effects on post-transplant survival, including primary graft dysfunction [2]. We report a case of implementing a modified very low calorie diet for weight loss in an inpatient setting to improve candidacy for lung transplantation. Methods A 47 year-old male with morbid obesity, chronic hypercapneic respiratory failure status post tracheostomy seven years prior, and progressive pulmonary fibrosis was admitted to the intensive care unit for worsening hypoxia at home. On admission his weight was 108.9 kilograms with body mass index of 37 kg/m², making him ineligible for lung transplantation listing and evaluation. Due to persistently high oxygen requirements and nocturnal ventilator dependence, care for the patient could not safely be transitioned outside of an acute care setting. To achieve weight loss, we implemented a modified very low calorie diet to provide 800 kilocalories and 90–100 grams of protein per day. At the time of this report, the patient has achieved a 10.9 kilogram decrease in body weight over four weeks with stable clinical status and without new adverse events during the period on the calorie restricted diet. Results Median survival after lung transplantation is approximately five years. In transplant recipients, a BMI > 30 may be associated with increased short-term and long-term mortality and is a relative contraindication to transplantation [2,3]. Importantly, in patients with obesity, weight loss prior to lung transplantation may improve survival and decrease peri-operative morbidity [4]. While this is difficult in patients with limited exercise capacity and urgent indications for transplantation, utilizing a very low calorie diet for weight loss can be effective in the proper setting, especially a monitored inpatient unit [5]. This is important because it may allow for transplant eligibility and the possibility of transplantation for a patient that would otherwise have a limited survival period. Conclusions The use of a calorie restricted diet should be considered as a safe and effective method for rapid weight loss in an inpatient, monitored setting to allow for lung transplantation eligibility. Funding Sources None.

scholarly journals P-BN03 A systematic review of pre-operative low-calorie diets for laparoscopic cholecystectomy

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany Cheung ◽  
John Findlay
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
Operative Time ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Low Calorie ◽  
Low Calorie Diet ◽  
Calorie Diet ◽  
Operative Difficulty

Abstract Background Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the fourth most common procedure in the UK. Increased liver adiposity, commonly encountered in obesity, anecdotally may increase technical difficulty and surgical risk. Pre-operative low-calorie diets are well-established in bariatric surgery to reduce liver bulk, thereby ameliorating difficulty and risk. Similar diets are often used before laparoscopic cholecystectomy, however, the supporting evidence base is unclear; we performed the first systematic review on their use in this context. Methods PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched in February 2021. We included English language clinical studies describing pre-operative low-calorie diet for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Data were extracted for specifics of / adherence to diet, weight change, operative time / difficulty, complications and length of stay. Study quality was qualified using Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network criteria and Jadad score. Results One randomised controlled trial (RCT) and one prospective observational study were identified. Both utilised a pre-operative very low-calorie diet of &lt; 800 kcal/day. Overall weight loss was greater in patients deemed compliant with the intervention. Both demonstrated tendency towards reduced operative difficulty with the intervention. Only the RCT found improvement in operative time. Conclusions Pre-operative very low-calorie diets (&lt; 800 kcal/day for two weeks) may aid weight loss and reduce operative difficulty in laparoscopic cholecystectomy, although evidence supporting their continued use is limited. Further RCTs are warranted to fully evaluate their role in clinical and cost-effectiveness.

scholarly journals Extensive weight loss can reduce immune age by altering IgG N-glycosylation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina L Greto ◽  
Ana Cvetko ◽  
Tamara Štambuk ◽  
Niall J Dempster ◽  
Domagoj Kifer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Biological Age ◽  
List Type ◽  
Low Calorie ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Low Calorie Diet ◽  
Calorie Diet ◽  
One Year

ABSTRACTBackgroundObesity represents a global health threat, and is associated not only with exponentially increased cardiometabolic morbidity and mortality, but with adverse clinical outcomes in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 as well. Enzymatic attachment of complex oligosaccharides to proteins (glycosylation) is highly responsive to numerous (patho)physiological conditions and ageing, which is perhaps best exemplified on IgG. The prospect of immune age reduction, by reverting induced glycosylation changes through metabolic intervention, opens many possibilities. Herein, we have investigated whether weight loss interventions affect inflammation- and ageing-related glycosylation alterations, in a longitudinal cohort of bariatric-surgery patients. To support potential findings, BMI-related glycosylation changes were monitored in a longitudinal TwinsUK cohort.MethodsIgG and plasma N-glycans were chromatographically profiled in 37 obese patients, subjected to low-calorie diet and then to bariatric surgery, across multiple timepoints. Similarly, plasma glycome was analysed in 1,680 TwinsUK participants and longitudinally monitored during a 20-year follow-up.FindingsLow-calorie diet induced marked increase in low branched and significant decrease in highly branched, more complex plasma N-glycans – the change opposite to the one typically observed in inflammatory conditions. Bariatric surgery resulted in extensive, gradual alterations in IgG glycome, that accompanied progressive weight loss during one year follow-up. We observed significant increase in digalactosylated and sialylated, and substantial decrease in agalactosylated and core fucosylated IgG glycans. In general, such IgG glycan profile is associated with a younger biological age and reflects enhanced anti-inflammatory IgG potential. The TwinsUK cohort replicated weight loss-associated agalactosylation decrease and digalactosylation increase, estimated through BMI decrease over a 20-year-period.InterpretationAltogether, these findings highlight that weight loss substantially affects both plasma and IgG N-glycosylation, resulting in improved biological and immune age.GRAPHICAL ABSTRACTHIGHLIGHTSObesity is associated to circulating pro-inflammatory high branched N-glycans and IgG agalactosylationHigh branching of N-glycans from total plasma proteins decreases after 3-week low-calorie dietIgG galactosylation and sialylation increase after bariatric surgery-induced weight lossDecrease of BMI over time is associated to increased IgG galactosylation and a reduction of biological age

Sa1046 Differential Effects of Very Low Calorie Diet on Body Weight, Liver Fat and Liver Volume in Obese Adults Prior to Weight Loss Surgery

2014 ◽  
Vol 146 (5) ◽  
pp. S-946
Author(s):  
Hannah Awai ◽  
Claude Sirlin ◽  
Elhamy Heba ◽  
Catherine A. Hooker ◽  
Jessica Lam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Loss Surgery ◽  
Liver Volume ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Very Low Calorie Diet ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Low Calorie ◽  
Low Calorie Diet ◽  
Calorie Diet

scholarly journals Extensive weight loss reduces glycan age by altering IgG N-glycosylation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina L. Greto ◽  
Ana Cvetko ◽  
Tamara Štambuk ◽  
Niall J. Dempster ◽  
Domagoj Kifer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Protein Glycosylation ◽  
Biological Age ◽  
Low Calorie ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Low Calorie Diet ◽  
Calorie Diet ◽  
Value Range ◽  
Weight Loss Interventions

Abstract Background Obesity, a major global health problem, is associated with increased cardiometabolic morbidity and mortality. Protein glycosylation is a frequent posttranslational modification, highly responsive to inflammation and ageing. The prospect of biological age reduction, by changing glycosylation patterns through metabolic intervention, opens many possibilities. We have investigated whether weight loss interventions affect inflammation- and ageing-associated IgG glycosylation changes, in a longitudinal cohort of bariatric surgery patients. To support potential findings, BMI-related glycosylation changes were monitored in a longitudinal twins cohort. Methods IgG N-glycans were chromatographically profiled in 37 obese patients, subjected to low-calorie diet, followed by bariatric surgery, across multiple timepoints. Similarly, plasma-derived IgG N-glycan traits were longitudinally monitored in 1680 participants from the TwinsUK cohort. Results Low-calorie diet induced a marked decrease in the levels of IgG N-glycans with bisecting GlcNAc, whose higher levels are usually associated with ageing and inflammatory conditions. Bariatric surgery resulted in extensive alterations of the IgG N-glycome that accompanied progressive weight loss during 1-year follow-up. We observed a significant increase in digalactosylated and sialylated glycans, and a substantial decrease in agalactosylated and core fucosylated IgG N-glycans (adjusted p value range 7.38 × 10−04–3.94 × 10−02). This IgG N-glycan profile is known to be associated with a younger biological age and reflects an enhanced anti-inflammatory IgG potential. Loss of BMI over a 20 year period in the TwinsUK cohort validated a weight loss-associated agalactosylation decrease (adjusted p value 1.79 × 10−02) and an increase in digalactosylation (adjusted p value 5.85 × 10−06). Conclusions Altogether, these findings highlight that weight loss substantially affects IgG N-glycosylation, resulting in reduced glycan and biological age.

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