Overexpression of Oncidium MADS box (OMADS1) gene promotes early flowering in transgenic orchid (Oncidium Gower Ramsey)

Abstract Background: Herbicides are the major tool for controlling large populations of yield depleting weeds. However, overreliance on herbicides has resulted in weed adaptation and herbicide resistance. In recent years, early flowering weed species related to herbicide resistance is emerging, which may cause seed loss before crop harvest, creating a new problem for non-chemical weed management. However, mechanisms regulating early flowering in weedy species is rarely investigated. Results: The MADS-box gene family plays an important role in flowering time regulation and floral organogenesis. In this study, a homolog gene of AGAMOUS sub-family (referred to as PfAG5) of the MADS-box family was cloned from plants of an early flowering Polypogon fugax population resistant to the ACCase inhibitor herbicide (clodinafop-propargyl). The PfAG5 gene was functionally characterized in Arabidopsis thaliana. Over-expression of the PfAG5 gene in Arabidopsis resulted in early flowering with abnormal flowers (e.g. small petals, short plants and reduced seed set) compared to the wild type. The expression of the PfAG5 gene was high in leaves and flowers, but low in pods in transgenic Arabidopsis. The PfAG5 gene was earlier and higher expressed in the resistant (R) than the susceptible (S) P. fugax plants. Furthermore, one protein (FRIGIDA-like protein) interacting with PfAG5 in R P. fugax was identified by the yeast two-hybrid system with relevance to flowering time regulation. Conclusions: These results suggest that the PfAG5 gene is prominently involved in modulating early flowering in P. fugax. This study provides the first evidence for the regulation mechanism of early flowering in an herbicide resistant weed species.

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Ectopic expression of two MADS box genes from orchid (Oncidium Gower Ramsey) and lily (Lilium longiflorum) alters flower transition and formation in Eustoma grandiflorum

Plant Cell Reports ◽

10.1007/s00299-009-0746-7 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 28 (10) ◽

pp. 1463-1473 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Muthu Thiruvengadam ◽

Chang-Hsien Yang

Keyword(s):

Ectopic Expression ◽

Lilium Longiflorum ◽

Mads Box ◽

Mads Box Genes ◽

Eustoma Grandiflorum ◽

Oncidium Gower Ramsey

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Overexpression of AGAMOUS-like gene PfAG5 promotes early flowering in Polypogon fugax

10.21203/rs.3.rs-24143/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Fengyan Zhou ◽

Qin Yu ◽

Yong Zhang ◽

Chuan-Chun Yao ◽

Yun-Jing Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Flowering Time ◽

Herbicide Resistance ◽

Weed Management ◽

Early Flowering ◽

Regulation Mechanism ◽

Mads Box ◽

Weed Species ◽

Floral Organogenesis ◽

Seed Loss ◽

Large Populations

Abstract Background: Herbicides are the major tool for controlling large populations of yield depleting weeds. However, overreliance on herbicides has resulted in weed adaptation and herbicide resistance. In recent years, early flowering weed species related to herbicide resistance is emerging, which may cause seed loss before crop harvest, creating a new problem for non-chemical weed management. However, mechanisms regulating early flowering in weedy species is rarely investigated. Results: The MADS-box gene family plays an important role in flowering time regulation and floral organogenesis. In this study, a homolog gene of AGAMOUS sub-family (referred to as PfAG5) of the MADS-box family was cloned from plants of an early flowering Polypogon fugax population resistant to the ACCase inhibitor herbicide (clodinafop-propargyl). The PfAG5 gene was functionally characterized in Arabidopsis thaliana. Over-expression of the PfAG5 gene in Arabidopsis resulted in early flowering with abnormal flowers (e.g. small petals, short plants and reduced seed set) compared to the wild type. The expression of the PfAG5 gene was high in leaves and flowers, but low in pods in transgenic Arabidopsis. The PfAG5 gene was earlier and higher expressed in the resistant (R) than the susceptible (S) P. fugax plants. Furthermore, one protein (FRIGIDA-like protein) interacting with PfAG5 in R P. fugax was identified by the yeast two-hybrid system with relevance to flowering time regulation. Conclusions: These results suggest that the PfAG5 gene is involved in modulating early flowering in P. fugax. This study provides the first evidence for the regulation mechanism of early flowering in an herbicide resistant weed species.

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Overexpression of a Brassica rapa MADS-box gene, BrAGL20, induces early flowering time phenotypes in Brassica napus

Plant Biotechnology Reports ◽

10.1007/s11816-012-0254-z ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 231-237 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Joon Ki Hong ◽

Soo-Yun Kim ◽

Kwang-Soo Kim ◽

Soo-Jin Kwon ◽

Jung Sun Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brassica Napus ◽

Flowering Time ◽

Brassica Rapa ◽

Early Flowering ◽

Mads Box ◽

Mads Box Gene

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Comprehensive Analysis of Five Phyllostachys edulis SQUA-like Genes and Their Potential Functions in Flower Development

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms221910868 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (19) ◽

pp. 10868

Author(s):

Yuting Zhang ◽

Junhong Zhang ◽

Minyan Song ◽

Xinchun Lin ◽

Zaikang Tong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Flowering Time ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Protein Complexes ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Early Flowering ◽

Amino Acid Sequence Similarity ◽

Mads Box ◽

Phyllostachys Edulis ◽

Juvenile Phase ◽

Organ Identity

Bamboo is one of the most important non-timber forest resources worldwide. It has considerable economic value and unique flowering characteristics. The long juvenile phase in bamboo and unpredictable flowering time limit breeding and genetic improvement and seriously affect the productivity and application of bamboo forests. Members of SQUA-like subfamily genes play an essential role in controlling flowering time and floral organ identity. A comprehensive study was conducted to explain the functions of five SQUA-like subfamily genes in Phyllostachys edulis. Expression analysis revealed that all PeSQUAs have higher transcript levels in the reproductive period than in the juvenile phase. However, PeSQUAs showed divergent expression patterns during inflorescence development. The protein–protein interaction (PPI) patterns among PeSQUAs and other MADS-box members were analyzed by yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) experiments. Consistent with amino acid sequence similarity and phylogenetic analysis, the PPI patterns clustered into two groups. PeMADS2, 13, and 41 interacted with multiple PeMADS proteins, whereas PeMADS3 and 28 hardly interacted with other proteins. Based on our results, PeSQUA might possess different functions by forming protein complexes with other MADS-box proteins at different flowering stages. Furthermore, we chose PeMADS2 for functional analysis. Ectopic expression of PeMADS2 in Arabidopsis and rice caused early flowering, and abnormal phenotype was observed in transgenic Arabidopsis lines. RNA-seq analysis indicated that PeMADS2 integrated multiple pathways regulating floral transition to trigger early flowering time in rice. This function might be due to the interaction between PeMADS2 and homologous in rice. Therefore, we concluded that the five SQUA-like genes showed functional conservation and divergence based on sequence differences and were involved in floral transitions by forming protein complexes in P. edulis. The MADS-box protein complex model obtained in the current study will provide crucial insights into the molecular mechanisms of bamboo’s unique flowering characteristics.

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Four Orchid (Oncidium Gower Ramsey) AP1/AGL9-like MADS Box Genes Show Novel Expression Patterns and Cause Different Effects on Floral Transition and Formation in Arabidopsis thaliana

Plant and Cell Physiology ◽

10.1093/pcp/pcp087 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 50 (8) ◽

pp. 1425-1438 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

Yu-Yun Chang ◽

Yi-Feng Chiu ◽

Jia-Wei Wu ◽

Chang-Hsien Yang

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Floral Transition ◽

Mads Box ◽

Mads Box Genes ◽

Oncidium Gower Ramsey

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Isolation and Functional Characterization of SOC1-like Genes in Prunus mume

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.141.4.315 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 141 (4) ◽

pp. 315-326 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yushu Li ◽

Zongda Xu ◽

Weiru Yang ◽

Tangren Cheng ◽

Jia Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Flower Development ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Reproductive Development ◽

Early Flowering ◽

Prunus Mume ◽

Mads Box ◽

Vegetative Organs ◽

Expression Levels ◽

Wide Range ◽

Mads Box Gene

The MADS-box gene SOC1/TM3 (suppressor of overexpression of constans 1/tomato MADS-box gene 3) integrates multiple flowering signals to regulate the transition from vegetative to reproductive development in arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Although SOC1-like genes have been isolated from a wide range of plant species, their orthologs are not well characterized in mei (Prunus mume), an important ornamental and fruit plant in east Asia. To better understand the molecular regulation of flower development in mei, we isolated and characterized three putative orthologs of arabidopsis SOC1, including PmSOC1-1, PmSOC1-2, and PmSOC1-3. The phylogenetic tree revealed that these genes fall into different subgroups within the SOC1-like gene group, suggesting distinct functions. PmSOC1-1 and PmSOC1-3 were mainly expressed in vegetative organs and at low expression levels in floral parts of the plants, whereas PmSOC1-2 was expressed only in vegetative organs. Furthermore, the expression level decreased significantly during flower bud differentiation development, suggesting a role for these genes in the transition from the vegetative to the reproductive phase. Overexpression of PmSOC1-1, PmSOC1-2, and PmSOC1-3 in arabidopsis caused early flowering. Early flowering also increased expression levels of four other flowering promoters, agamous-like 24 (AGL24), leafy (LFY), apetala 1 (AP1), and fruitfull (FUL). Moreover, the overexpression of PmSOC1-1 and PmSOC1-2 resulted in a range of floral phenotype changes such as sepals into leaf-like structures, petal color into green, and petal into filament-like structures. These results suggested that the genes PmSOC1-1, PmSOC1-2, and PmSOC1-3 play an evolutionarily conserved role in promoting flowering in mei, and may have distinct roles during flower development. Our findings will help elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in the transition from vegetative to reproductive development in mei.

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